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MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE, MEDFORD, OREGON, WEDNESDAY, MAY 20, .1010.
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PEAR BLIGHT AND ITS CONTROL
UPON THE PACIFIC COAST
This Is tho Fourteenth of a Scries of Articles That Will Be Printed Dally
Until Subject Is Completed Every Orcharrilst In tho West Shfuld
Savs These Issues for Future Refercnco, as They Contain Valu
able Information.
By PROFKSSOll O'GARA,
Assistant Pathologist United SUtoa
Department of Agrlcuture. Writ
ten especially tor tho Medford Mall
Tribune. Copyright, 1910, by the
Medford Mall Tribune.
SUMMARY OP PRECEDING CHAP
TERS. To thoso who havo read tho pre
ceding chapters carefully, it may
Bcem unnecessary to add anything
more, ns it is bclcvcd that all of tho
important facts about pear blight
havo been clearly stated. However,
a resume will bring before us all tho
pertinent facts so that tho reader
may seo at a glanco what ho may
wont to know without reeding the
text again.
1. Tho history of pear blight
dates from tho ypar 1780; the first
record was published n 1794 in tho
transactions of tho Massachusetts
Society for tho Promotion of Agri
culture. This first paper on pear
blight gavo to the highlands of the
upper Hudson tho distinction of being
tho birthplace of the disease. How
ever, at tho time of tho discovery, the
disease had a wider spread through
out the Now England states than has
been recorded.
J. lhe disease, known as pear
blieht, is not known outsido of North
America. Europe, Asia, Australia and
all other parts of tho known world
are free from tho disease.
3. Tho true character of the dis
ease was worked out by Professor T.
J. Burrell of tho University of Illi
nois in 1878, and was published to
tho world in 1880. Dr. Burrell found
that tho disease is caused by a small
germ belonging to tho great family of
bacteria, which are minute, micro
scopic plants, the smallest vegetable
organisms in tho world. The pear
blight bacillus is only 1-50,000 of an
inch in diameter, and about 1-25,000
of an inch in length; under tho micro
scope, when magnified 1000 diam
eters, its appearance is that of a hy
phen, "-".
4. Tho pear blight germ attacks
all species belonging to the pome or
apple family, and also in i
infects plums and the apricot. Among
tho cultivated fruits, therefore, it at
tacks tho apple, pear, quince, loquat,
nlum and apricot. The following wild
fruits indigenous to tho Pacific coast
states are also attacked by it. I
shall givo the common names and af
ter them the botanical or scientific
names so that students of botany
may be able to look them up:
(1) Servico berry or Juno berry
(amelanchier alnifolia).
(2) Thorn apple or haw (Crat
aegus douglasii).
(3) Christmas berry or Toyon
(heteromelcs arbutifolia).
(4) Wild pear or applo (pyrus
rivulans).
(5) Mountain ash or rowan (sor
bus occidentals).
Thero are many more species of
tho above genera to bo found in the
eastern and southern states, but a
knowledge of tho fact that all pome
fruits blight should bo sufficient.
5. Tho damage by blight n tho
eastern and southern states has been
such that practically all of tho bet
ter varieties of pears havo gone out
and commercial pear growing is an
industry of tho past.
0. The blight has spread into
'even' known section of the United
States, Southern Canada and North
ern Mexico; only a very fow small
districts etill remaining free from it.
7. Tho first appearance of the
blight is made ovident by tho blos
soms and young shoots becoming
withored and black, finally drying
up. Later, branches and limbs, ns
well as tho bodios and root system
becomo infected. Even tho fruit muy
become infected and wither away.
8. Tho infections first noted in
tho spring come from holdover cases
-which have resulted from tho previ
ous year's infection. Theso hold-
royors may bo found in tho larger
jjimus, bodies and roots of the pear,
applet, quince, loquat and oven our
wild fruits, though loss frequently.
During tho blossoming period theso
iioldovors ooze and this gummy sub
stance, which is filled with tho bac
teria, becomo points for tho starting
of now mfootions in tho blossoms and
twigs.
0. Tho gorms from the holdovers
are carrod about by boos and other
insects. Biting and sucking insects
causo infections in tho young twigs
and oven tho bodies. Sapsuokers, or
woodpeckers, may also spread the
bight. Tho uso of pruning tools, not
diainfeoted, also sproads it. Tho
blight may also enter small growth
ornoks in tho twigs, limbs, bodies or
roots.
infection. Dry weather tends to pro
vent, not only tho spread of infection
from troo to tree, but also tho spread
oC tho disenso in tho treo itself. It
is ns easy to understand this as it is
to understand that dry weather pre
vents growth and germination of
seeds and plants.
11. ThunJor, lightning and other
atmospheric disturbances havo no in
fluence whatever on the dlseaso
known as pear blight. Tho precipi
tation which accompanies thorn is tho
only factor besides warmth.
12. Tho only way to cot.trol blight
Is to remove all cases of hold-over
before tho blossoming period begins.
Hold-ovors romovod during the blos
som period do not insure that some
Infection has not taken placo from
them. To reraovo holdovers, or rath
er to find thorn, on the rough bodies
uso a gougo or other Instrument with
which to expouo tho tissues beneath.
A water-soaked, reddish condition of
the soft bark indicates infection
which should bo antlseptically remov
ed. 13. Tho antiseptic to bo used
should be bichlorldo of mercury, or
corroslvo sublimate, and use no other.
This disinfectant shoull be used at a
strength of 1 to 1000 or perhaps
stronger, but nover weaker. Tho use
of tho various substitutes is a sense
less practice, as there is nothing
cheaper or more effective as a dis
infectant than bichloride of mercury.
It is a deadly poison and must bo
kept away from children and tho con
tainers should bo plainly Iaboled so
that unsuspecting persons may not bo
poisoned.
14. There aro no remedies for pear
blight, and all so-called patent
washes or other "remedies" should
bo avoided. Anyone who claims to
have a euro for pear blight Is a "fake"
and should be treated accordingly.
Thoso having "remedies" for sale
havo no standing whatever, if they
had they would not oppose every sci
entific fact known.
15. Summer cutting of blight
should always be done, but the work
to bo effective must b dono care
fully. Always bo sure to get below
or above the point of inf.-ction. If
infection is found In a fruit spur or
water sprout never break them off
unless you know how far tho Infec
tion has gone. There Is no fnrthor
danger In the Jor.d spur, but rather
in tho infection which has advanced
beyond it. Breaking off tho spur
and then applying tho disinfectant is
not eradicating tho blight. Nover
leave an infection until you know
that there is no further danger from
It. Remember that thero Is no such
thing as "pretty good work:" tho
work Is either good or bed.
16. In order to render the fight
ing of pear blight moro easy, trees
should be pruned nl tho vase or open
head form. Never grow a tree with
a main leader or center. Keep all
water sprouts and fruit spurs off tho
body and main limbs of tho treo. Let
no water sprouts come up from tho
crown of tho treo or tho loot system.
17. When blight Is prevalent or
when seasons conducive to blight oc
cur, extrome caution should bo used
in tho matter of using stable manuro,
commercial fertilizer or applying too
much water. Irrigation practice
should be studied carefully not only
In its connection with blight control,
but with tho benefits or injuries
which may result to the soil.
18. Tho only way to keep blight
under control is to increase the in
spection and make It rigid. If a grow
er la caught experimenting or not
following out the directions for erad
icating blight according to tho letter
of the law, force him by law to do
what the inspector has ordered. I
believe that besides tho Tegular corps
of Inspectors wo should have per
haps 40 or 50 volunteer Inspectors
who will look after their own inter
ests by investigating the condition of
neighboring orchards. Thero is no
eason why wo cannot get such a corps
of men who will act. Their appoint
ment may be made In tho regular
way, making them officers of tho
law having tho right to enter upon a
neighbor's promises. It this had been
dono tho past year, several infection
centers would havo booa wiped out,
and there would havo been no In
fection and a good many dollars sav
ed. 19. Lastly, In closing pormlt mo
to say that as indlvldualu you havo
a right and a duty to follow tho ad
vice and Instructions which havo been
given you for eradicating and con
trolling blight, Agovornmont offi
cer, who has had moro technical and
practical experience all ovor tho Unit
ed States for a period of years, cor-
tainly knowB tho situation and thero
Is no reason for doubting his words.
As a friend, I ask you all' not to
COFFROTH
RN
'S
OFJBAD LUCK
Unusually Qulot Four Weeks Precede
Big FlQht in Frsco Bitter Pills
Handed Out to Fight Promoter.
Ju
$
V,
SAN FRANCISCO, Cal., May 25.
Any one desiring a brand-now
"jinx," guaranteed to wear, can havo
it for tho asking by applying to
James Windermoro Coffroth, Shasta
and Sunshine clubs. Ever since the
John-Kotehol fight, in which Kotchell
lost threo teeth, and a fow tears, and
Johnson did somo grouud and lofty
tumbling for the benefit of tho pic
tures, Jim has been down on his
luck. Never hnviug been a believer in
tho sign of tho rabbit's foot or of the
cross-eyed, red-headed girl, ho has
been loth to ndmitthat ho is possess
ed of a 'jinx," but at last ho has been
compelled to "fess up. '
Tho littlo imp of bud luck got ou
tho job whilo offroth was dickering
for tho biggest job of his enreor
the promotion of the Joffrios-John-son
fight. Tho loss of tho contest
was a bittor pill, but thero wore more
to come. A great light suddenly
camo ovor District Attornoy Bullock
of San Mateo county and Coffroth
had to transfer tho Papko-Thomas
affair from Selma to San Francisco,
thereby knocking himscf out of an
oxtra match for May.
Call Coffroth Fakir.
On top of this camo that awful
"fight" last Thursday night. And
now tho supervisors, somo of them,
aro putting tho boot to Jin, while he
is down, accusing him of being a "fa
kir" and of being in on tho deal to
boost the prices of admission above
tho advertised figures by keeping his
box office closed and sendiug scalp
ers into the crowd.
Jim believes the "jinx" will bo at
it as soon as tho decision of the Sau
Mateo countv court in his Colma test
case is handed down.
Not counting tho amateur shows
and the daily chattor about the big
fight, local boxing will be unusually
quiet for the next four weeks. The
ono break in tho hiatus will como on
the night of May 27, when, accord
ing to present plans, Jeffries will
give an exhibition at the Pacific
club's show, boxing threo rounds each
With Bub drmstrong and Joe koyin
ski Following that there will be
nothing doing until tho Landford
Ketchel contest, June IS.
Gntherolng of Stars.
If Jeffries' date for Friday night
is kept and tho others expected to
appear are on hand, thero will be
quite a gathering of stars and ox
stars. With Jeffries, Armstrong and
hoynski in the ring and Jim orbctt ns
a possiblo referee, tho attraction will
be great, but further interest may be
added by Jack Johnsou's presence as
a spectator. Johnson is soriously
considering attending tho show to
get a lnie on Jeffries' condition. Tho
negro is from Missouri when it comes
to tawes of Jeffries' groat condition,
but a surprise will bo in store for him
if ho decides to attend.
A day of rest and a day of play
now seems to bo Jeffries' program,
despite his frequent aunounccemnts
that he intended to box daily. Yester
day was a day of rest, tho big fellow
going fishing after doing a fow miles
on tho road. Tho coming of Gotch
and orbott it is anticipated will sec
tho last of Jeffries' loafing, tho ex
pectation being that in tho month re
maining from tho time of their arrival
untl tho day of tho fight Joffries will
attend strctly to business. As Jotoi
son plans to Login his strenuous woik
about the samo time, both enmps
should he mighty lvely throughout the
month of June.
Portland Teamsters to Strike.
PORTLAND, Or., May 25. Four
hundred Portlund teamsters today
announced then' intention to strike
for higher wages Juno 1. Tho union,
which includes theso men ns mem
bers, numbers 05 por cent of the
team drivers employed in tho city.
NOTICE TO STOCKHOLDERS.
Notice 1b hereby glvon that tho
annual mooting of stockholders of the
Pacific and Eastern Railway will be
held at tho office of tho company,
in Medford, Oregon, on Monday, June
6, 1910, at 10 o'clock a. m.
By order of tho Presidont.
O. P. HUMPHREY,
Secretary.
Complete House Furnishers
BELOW ARE ONLY A FEW OF THE MANY LINES ON WHICH WE CAN SAVE YOU MONEY.
Solid Oak Rockers
$2.50
and up.
-
Well Made
Beautiful
Finish
Dining Room Chairs
$2.00
and up.
Solid Oak
Box Seat
h
Our Line of Automatic Oil Stoves
Wickless, Smokeless, Odorless, Blue Flame
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S12K THKM AND III3
IS A WINNER. YOU WILL MAKE A MISTAKE TO 1IUY ANY OTHER KIND.
REMEMBER, WE HAVE THE REST LINE OF HAXGKS AND STOVES IN TOWN.
CONVINCED.
See Us Before You Buy
WE CAN ALSO SAVE YOU MONEY ON ALL LINES OF KUKNITUKE, RUGS, CARPETS, REFHIO
ERATOKS. WINDOW SHADES, LACE CURTAINS. DRAPERIES, PORTIERES, ETC., ETC.
WEST MAIN STREET, NEXT WASHINGTON SCHOOL TELEPHONE MAIN 1451.
WE ARE OUTSIDE THE FIRE LIMITS..BUT INSIDE ON PRICES.
NEW TEACHERS CHOSEN
FOR KLAMATH FALLS
KLAMATH FALLS, Or., May 2.1.
Willis E. Faueht has been elected
principal of tho 4nmntn county
high school for the term of 1010-11.
He succeeds Professor John T,
Butcher, who has been principal of
the Inch school for tho past two
years. The othor teachers selected
aro C. A. Howard and Miss Helen
Conrey. Thero nro three other teach
ers to select before tho high school
faculty is completed.
Work on School Building.
KLAMATH FALLS, Or., May
Work commenced today on
the
foundation for tho $30,000 pulilio
school on Wont Side Heights. L. N.
Travor, of tho contracting firm of
Snook & Travor, arrived Sunday
from Albany to take charge of tho
work.
10. Wrtntlinr nnnilitiniiH fnvnr tlin
spread of blight, as well ns favoring trU1 wlth bl,eht; U ls to sor,ous a
matter. Tho value of tho fruit In
terests In tho Roguo RIvor valley Is
too groat to bo trlflied awoy by In
dividuals who havo neither knowl
edgo nor practice sufflclert to dovlso
mors efficient means than havo al
ready boon worked out by tho pathol
ogists of tho United States dopart
mnt of agriculture, whoso ontlro en
ergy. Is given to tho practical sldo of
fighting diseases. You havo an Unit
ed States department of agriculture,
thoreforo, respect tho advlco It Is
ablo to glv you through Its agents.
The Pasadena
of Oregon
J.J--
People o refinement; people with inoans; ro tired business men; professional men;
college and university graduates, are coming to tho Rogue Rivor Valley by tho soore.
Within the past two years almost a hundred Chicago and Evonston, Illinois, people havo
purchased homes near Medofrd, and nearly every ono of them has a friend or two
whom they hope to induce to come and locate in the valloy.
New York, Philadelphia, Boston and many othor eastern cities aro almost if not
quite as well represented, whilo St. Paul and Minneapolis have moro ropresontatives
hero than any other soveral cities combined.
Think theso statements over and get your thinker going. Write to tho undersignod
or the Medford Commercial Club for detailed informtaion about the country, and you
will never have cause to regret it. '
I
Bearing Orchards
Near Medford
Meat of the producing orchards havo been held in largo holdings until recently.
4) fow weeks ago the Eden Valloy Orchard, containing 605 acres, was placod on tho
market in any desired acreage. We have been authorized to offer the bearing apples
and pears for sale, and if you knov anything abwt th country ad want a desirable
block of bearing trees, write or come soon. During tho past week ovor $150,000
worth of the property has boon disposed of. It is located within two miles of Medford
at an elevation of about 100 feet above tho city and is ono of tho best kept orchards in
' tho world. Parts of the orchard offered for sale havo paid tho owner over $000 per
acre por year for four years straight.
Do not como unless you are prepared to stay, for just so sure as you do como the com
bination of fat soil, grandeur of scenic beauty and Italian climate will steal you, body
and soul. After ono visit hero you will bo miserable any othor placo on earth.
John D. Olwell
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X
EXHIBIT BUILDING
MEDFORD, OREGON
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