MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE, MEDFORD, OREO ON, TlTURSDAy, MAY 12, 1910.
GOLD RAY
WAY IS IN
FISH
GOOD
W KIN
ORDER
No Largo Runs of Salmon or Steel
heads Have Been Seen at Gold
Ray This Year, Although Runs
Have Been Reported at the Pass.
II. C. McAllister, master fish war
den, will bo in Mcdford Monday for
the purpose of investigating fishing
conditions and inspecting Hogue
river fishwnys and dams.
Considerable complaint has been
made regarding the fishwnys at the
dams. Stories have been brought in
that hundreds of fish were congested
below the dams and that they found
it impossible to locate the ladders
and were oounding themselves to
pieces leaping against the structures.
A close inspection of conditions at
Gold Ray shows that the fishway is
in good working order, and that fish
can readily ascend the ladder. The
grent flow of water over the dam,
however, renders it hard for the fish
to locate tho ladder. Once located,
they have uo difficulty in going
through.
Logs Were Used.
Last j-ear logs were placed along
thte crest of the dnm, shutting off
the water from the two sides and
making it comparatively easy for the
fish to locate the ladder. The flood
of the winter, however, took these
logs off the west side of the dnm, as
well ns a portion of the dam itself,
As a result, n largo quantity of wn
ter, with the river unusually high, i
pouring over the western side of the
dnm. As soon ns the water subsides
sufficiently for repair work, tho dam
will be repaired and the logs again
spiked nlong the crest, remedying
present conditions. At present, how
ever, the depth of water makes it
impossible to make the repairs.
Fish uro Seen.
Fish can be seen daily leaping into
the cascades and trying to ascend
at the west end of the dam. These
fish, however, will work around to
the onfo available outlet the ladder
nnd make up the river in course
of a short time.
There have, been no largo runs of
salmon or steelhend at Gold Ray so
far this year, though a run was re
ported at Grants Pass a fortnight
ago. The probabilities are that the
fish cannot get above the seines of
the Grants Pass fishermen, or if they
do escape them, have difficulty in
getting above the Ament dnm, which
was badly damaged by the floods of
last winter, which practically ren
dered useless the new fishway,
though the old one is still in work
ing order. Most of the fish congre
gated nt the base of Gold Ray dam
prove upon investigation to bo carp
some of which have attained enor
mous size. There are, of course,
some salmon and some Pteelhend, but
nothing like as many as there are
carp nnd suckers.
Deputy Fish Warden Edward
Clanton caught two fishermen at the
base of the Ament dam last Saturdny
night and arrested them. They were
fined $100 ench.
Reports from the mouth of the
Rogue stnte that there are no sal
mon there, though the freshet, it is
presumed, will bring them np.
PROMISE GOOD GAME
FOR NEXT SUNDAY
inl, etc.
As n rule, trees on lit'lt soil blight
more readily than live whioh mv on
poor soil. Thoro niv soiuo apparent
oxeeptions to (his, and there is a
dit'tViviH'o in the behavior of blight
on different soils in connection with
their fertility. Alkali soils seem to
favor tho blight more Ihnn corre
spondingly fertile, or oven more fer
tile soils that arc not alkali. On (ho
other hand, trees may blight on tho
acid Miils of the eastern states. Sta-
Ity l'KOFKSSOK O'OAJIA, already suggested, has been the bio manure cause. the lives to be
s8lBtant Pathologist United States means of introducing tho blight into j io susceptible to the blight than
Department of Agrlcuturo. Writ- the twigs and branches or bodies t ' tloso not manured. The uge of the
ten especially for tho Medtord Matt the trees. Not only must the insect troo also exerts an important influ-
Trluuno. Copyright, 1910, by tho be present and tho germs there forlenee. The older and slower growing
Medtord Mail Tribune. : them to carry, but the weather con-it"1' l' s t"e less it is attacked by
PEAR BLIGHT AND ITS CONTROL
UPON THE PACIFIC COAST
This Is the Fifth of a Series of Articles That Will Bo Printed Dally
Until Subject Is Completed Every Orchardist In the West Should
Save These Issues for Future Reference, as They Contain Valu
able Information.
It is reported that Central Point
lias strengthened its team materially
and is prepared to give the loaders
of tho league a run for their money
next Sunday.
This will ho the first game that
Medford has hod with Central Point
since tho season opened. In the
practice game before the season op
ened tho Central Pointers held the
local team closer than has uny team
since; and it is not beyond tho pos
sibilities for them to chip that 1.000
percentage.
Lux is a good pitcher, and with
Toasonnblo support should keep this
hard-hitting Modford bunch guessing.
Gold Hill and Ashland teams will
play nt Ashland Sunday. Tho two
teams met on the Gold Hill grounds
last Sunday and tho boys from tho
Grunito Citv won.
And still tho Portland team pro
gresses toward tho cellar. It is char
acteristic of tho McCredio bunch
tlint when they sturt ono way or the
other thoy hardly evor Rtop until
thoy have reached tho limit.
Manager Hall will put up his
strongest linoup in Sunday's game,
no wants to win it and tho Central
Point team is beginning to look dan
gerous, Haskins for Health.
(Continued from Wednesday
May 10.)
Proof That Insects Carry llllght.
That insects ronlly carry pear
blight germs on their feet and mouth
parts, I have proved by capturing
these insects in infected orchards
nnd allowing them to walk about on
prepared culture plates known ns
petri dishes, which contained a sub
stance in which germs might make
growth. In from 24 to 48 hours col
onies of germs would be found grow
ing from tho points where tho insect
walked upon tho culture medium. By
inoculating growing shoots trom
these cultures, typical cases o
blight were produced.
In tho numerous experiments which
have been made atomizing the genu
on the tissues, it has resulted in :
failure in most cases, except wher
puncture through the cuticle hu
been made by n pin point, or where
by the breaking of the leaf or some
slight abrasion the skin has been
ruptured, allowing the germ to en
ter.
mere are, tneretore, two main
methods of entry by the germ. First
m tlie nectar ot the blossom, ana
second, tlie tenner tips ot growing
twigs or water sprouts. Blight oc
cnsionnlly enters by the third method
directly into the tender, growing
fleshy bark, through growth cracks.
although as a general rule this
method of entry is comparatively
rare. Sap suckers or woodpeckers
become infected by puncturing enses
of holdover blight and afterward vis
iting healthy trees produce blight in
fectign in them. We have several
observations nlong this line, nnd
doubtless many more occur in na
ture. It is even possible for the
whiffletrees or implements used in
cultivation to transfer the infection;
pruning tools are certainly a verv
frefpient cause of transmitting the
disense.
Mr. Waite states that in Maryland
he saw a nursery block of 10.000
Bartlett pear trees completely de
stroyed by blight. This block, ns was
determined by the specimens, carried
nctual samples of holdover blight in
the stocks. When stocks were cut
off above the dormnnt buds in the
spring, the pruning tools became in
fected nnd the disense wns trans
mitted to nearly every tree reached
by the. primer. Instead of the buds
pushing up, the cut surface began to
gum and blight. The writer has seen
in certain nurseries in Nebraska
many cases where nursery infection
hns been brought about through the
use of tools which have been used in
cutting out blitrht infection in large
orchard trees, without previously
disinfecting them. Peur blight be
haves in all sorts of irregular ways
when it runs down tho limbs nnd
branches. Occasionally a fruit spin
blighting causes the disease to
spread in a circular spot an inch or
two in diameter on the branches.
More often it is nn elliptical spot ex
tending lengthwise of the branch. It
may run down in long line from
tho lower edge, making it very diffi
cult to save the branch or even the
tree by catting on account of this
narrow strip of tho diseuse. It is
almost impossible to anticipate tho
variations in behavior of the disease,
because it depends upon so many
different factors. It may be well to
point ont some of tho factors con
trolling tho habits of the disease in
order that you may see how varied
are the influences controlling it.
Fac tors Which Determine tlie Spread
of the Disease.
These factors inuy bo divided more
or less comp.etely into two sots.
First, those which govern infection,
and second, those which determine
tho spread of tho blight in tho tree
after infeettion.
Factors Governing Infection.
Tho first factor is the presenco of
tho bacillus. Tho pear blight genu
must bo present in tho orchard or
must bo carried thore durim.' tho sea
son in ordor to huve tho blight. No
matter how favorable tho conditions
may be, unless tho germ is there the
disease cannot dovelop. Tho immu
nity of the California nnd Oregon
orchards up to recent years, of
course, is attributed to tho fact that
the genu was not there, The second
factor is the number of insect visit
ors. Wo hnvo pointed out that in
sects carry tho blight ubout. The
honey bee is ono of the most active
in carrying tho blight on tho blos
soms. Other insects visit the pear
and apple blossoms and carry the
blight very widely. Tho prcnonce of
some certain soecies of inncrls, u
Iditions must bo favorable for the ue-j'diKht. other things, of course, boinir
! tivitv of the insects and to brine the 1 'onal. Kxhaustive crops of fruit
trees into
feotion.
proper condition for in
tend to consume tho food material of
the tree and help to check tho blight
Flower-visiting insocts usually like certain extent. On the other
sunshiny weather, especially sunny hnud, when the trees fail to fruit
weather following a moist season. I f" unfavorable conditions, such as
which allows many kinds to hatch j prolonged rains at tho blossoming
out or develop from the pupa. Young 'period, there may not be the oppor
orchnrds are not usually attacked bv ' fr infection and the contra-
the blight, rather rarely in fact, un- diction to this principle may bo ob
til they have blossomed, unless there served. Front observation, orchard-
is a bad attack ot blight m a pear
or other pome fruit orchard near at
hand. There are some cases of young
orchards which I hnvo seen in Cali
fornia and Oregon that have blight
ed somewhat seriously before they
had bloomed, but they were along
side badly blighted pear orchard
The prgsenoe of water sprouts
spurs trom the rrencn stocK,
ists know that during rainy and
cloudy weather insect visitors, such
as bees, nro verv rarely found work
ing in the blossom. Since the bees
ro the principlo distributors of tho
blight genus, it can be readily seen
that if the entitre blossoming period
is covered by rainy or cool weather
or1 mere is lime chance lor very serious
on I and general infection, although thoro
which pear trees are mostly budded,
often determines infection. In many
localities the entire loss of the pear
orchards has come through the in-1
fectioti of water sprouts and spurs
coining from the crown or roots of
the trees. Perhaps DO per cent of
the loss in many of the river orch
ards in the Sacramento valley has
come about through this sort of in
fection. Right alongside ot orch
ards which have been seriously dam-1
aged through the infection of water
sprouts from the stock or roots we;
find thjrifty trees which were budded
on Lo Conte, Wiufcr Nelis nnd Kief-
fer roots; these hnvo not gone down
with the disease through their abil
ity to resist the blight. It has been
particularly noticeable that Winter1
Nelis roots are very resistant to the
blight. Cases have come under my
observation where the bodies have I
blighted as far as tho union with the I
Winter Nelis stock and then stopped, j t
If this experience proves universal, ; f
it is a strong argument in iavor oi
using tuo met ter una inter ens
stocks on which to graft the more
ender vnrietties. Furthermore, these
stocks hnve a less tendency to throw
out sprouts.
Factors Governing the Spread of In
fection.
Several conditions or factors con
trol the sprend of the blight after it
once enters the tree. Some of these
aro more or less connected with the
conditions favoring infection. Tho'
vigor of the tree has a great deal to
do with the amount of damage pro
duced after the blight once enters it.
Another fact which must bo borne in I
mind is tho variety of troo, whether
apple or pear, or any other pome
fruit. All varieties arc not equally
susceptible under similar conditions,
there being in many varieties a cer
tain tendency to immunity. The more
igorous and thrifty the tree, at, a
eneral rule, the more seriously it is
ttacked by the blight. Tho vigor
tself is tho effect of various condi
tions, such ns the fertility of the
soil, the amount of manure or of fer
tilizer used, oi kind of cultivation, of
soil, moisture, rainfall or irrigation,
and the presenco of othor diseases,
such as leuf blight, crown gull, root
may ho considerable holdover blight
in the immediate vicinity of the
blooming orchards.
(To Bo Continued.)
City Property
Good (I-room house on North C
street, lot fillxlUO, east front; a good
buy at $2100, one-half cash, lnihii"i
ono year at 7 per cent.
Modern 7-room house on Tenth
t root, lot 100x100; n fine home at
$3000, tonus.
Modem 7-room bungalow, close t
West Main street, lot fiOxlU'J, $.0
range connected with hot-water tank
goes with tho proporty; price for a
short time, $2500.
Ten lots on West Second street;
these lots nro worth $300 each; im
provements on property worth $800,
making a value of $3800, that can be
bought nt $2750.
Modem 7-room house, close in, on
South C street; east front, lot fiOv
100; this property brings a rental of
$05 por month, pays 17 per cent net
on investment; price $1300, tonus.
Wo have tho best lino of business
property in the city nnd our prices
nro right. Lot us show you.
W. T. YORK (EL CO.
A. L. VROMAN
PLTTMBIWG & HEATING
CONTRACTOR
No job too smnll, none too
large. Twenty-five yours'
practical experience.
Offlco 1 13 South Front Street.
Phono 2751.
Two Essentials
FiVory hoiusowifo known that she must lmvo good
flour and good eolTeo. Tho.se tiro tho two essentials,
and wo know that
Pure White Flour
-and-
Golden Gate Coffee
Telephone your order
will fill the bill every time,
and wo will do tho rest.
ALLEN & REAGAN
202 E. MAIN ST. PHONE MAIN 2711
In Case of iSicKxxess
PHONE 3 6 4 1
MEDFORD PHARMACY
Near Post Otfiee AllNight Service Free Dolivery
U
are Missing' the
Chance of a Lifetime
WANTED
Timber and Coal Lands
Engineering and Surveying Contracts
Taken and Estimates Furnished
B. H. HARRIS & CO.
Medford, Oregon
Office in Jacllion County .lUnlt, Upilaln
If you miss n look at my holdings' Everything in being sacri
ficed to close out quickly.
BENSON INVESTMENT CO.
Office over Fruitgrowers' Bank
RESOLVED
Tha buNt roHolution for you
to uiaka sn to coma to iim for
your next milt, if you want
Homothing out of tho ordinary.
Wo do tho hoHt work ruin ohnrKf
)h lowoiit prices.
W. W. EIFERT
TUB I'UOORfcBHIVK TAILO
For Sale
100 Acres 4V& miles from. Talent,
$20.
1(10 Acres 4 miles from Talent;
good for alfalfa.
10 Acres, one-half mile from Fhhoe-
nix, $1,000.
34 Acres 3 miles from Medford, un
der ditch. Will divide.
2.1 Alfalfa, 15 fruit, l2 miles from
town
5-j-nom bungalow, modem: a snap,
8-room bungalow, modern; a fine
bay.
Lots in West Walnut addition;
$350. TermB.
20 acres, 2 miles out, sot to com
mercial fruit, $375.
7-Roora modern house, 2 blocks from
main, $3,500.
WANTED.
Ranch hands.
2 girls for general housework, $1 per
day.
2 women for gonoral housework, $5
per weok.
2 girls for general housework, $26
per month,
Dining-rjom girl, $25, board and
room.
L F. A. BITTNER
Mcaforri Employment Bureau.
Business chances, roal estate, al
kinds of lulp furnished ami busim'
chances handled.
Room 206, Taylor & Phlpps Bltlg.
Phono 4141 Main.
The Pasadena
of Oregon
People of refinement; people with means; retired business men; professional mon;
college nnd university graduates, are coming to the Rogue River Valley by tho score.
Within the past two years almost a hundred Chicago and Evanstou, Illinois, people have
purchased homes near Medofrd, and nearly every one of them has a friend or two
whom they hope to induce to come and locate in the valley.
New York, Philadelphia, Boston and many other eastern cities are almost if not
quite as well represented, while St. Paul and Minneapolis have more representatives
here than any other several cities combined.
Think these statements over and get your thinker going. Write to tho undersigned
of the Medford Commercial Club for detailed informtaion about the country, and you
will never have cause to regret it. '
Bearing Orchards
Near Medford
I'tLtit of the producing orchards have been hold in largo holdings until recently,
few vecks ago the Eden Valley Orchard, containing 605 acres, was placed on the
kofc in any desired acreage. We have been authorized to offer tho bearing apples
and pears for sale, and if you knoT" anything about tN country and want a desirable
block of bearing trees, write or come soon. During tho past week over $150 000
worth of tho property has been disposed of. It is located within two miles of Modford
at an elevation of about 100 feet above the city and is ono of tho best kept orchards in
the world. Parts of the orchard offered for sale have paid the owner over $C00 nor
acre per year for four years straight. 1
Do not come unless you aro prepared to stay, for just bo sure as you do come tho com
bination of fat soil, grandeur of scenic beauty and Italian climate will steal you bodv
and soul. After one visit here you will bo miserablo any othor place on earth, '
John D. Olwell
EXHIBIT BUILDING
MEDFORD, OREGON
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