THE HERALD, HERMISTON, OREGON WomenWj Natalie Kingston THE WORLD’S GREAT EVENTS ALBERT PAYSON TERHUNB by D odd . Mead A Can ip a o y .) The Sepoy Mutiny FEW pot» of grease cost many thousand lives and nearly $200,- 000,000 in India, about half u century ago, besides Inaugurating one of the bloodiest tragedies ever enacted. India’s history, down to the Seven­ teenth century, Is largely a chronicle Of barbarism, Internecine wurs, Inva­ sions and Oriental Intrigue, with a growing European Influence In the most accessible districts. The vast country wus teeming with wealth of a sort that attracted Europe's covetous eye. The Portuguese won a commer­ cial foothold there, only to be driven from power by the Dutch, who In time were crowded out by English and French. Last of all, the French were routed by the English, until, by 1700, England practically ruled India. Clive* Warren Hastings, Lord Cornwallis and other governors brought the whole territory either directly or Indirectly under British sway. The natives were untrustworthy. The Indian potentates whose power was checked and a horde of fanatics whose religious rites had been cur­ tailed by the foreign rule were ever stirring up revolt against their new masters. Hence It was necessary to maintain a lurge army In India. Eng­ land could not spare a sufficient force of white men for the purpose, so or­ ganized native regiments, under Brit­ ish officers, and trained them along European lines. These native troops were called Sepoys (from the Persian word “slpahl,” signifying “soldier”), and proved splendidly efficient In re­ peated campaigns. Thus, by I860, all India seemed safe and moderately con­ tent under British domination. True, there were countless fanatics and un­ scrupulous native rulers who waited only the opportunity to rebel; but for a long time they lacked the chance. That same “chance” came about In an unforeseen fashion. Like most misfortunes of this sort, it was brought about and then augmented by blunders on the part of the British government. Several English regiments had been withdrawn from northern and central India to serve In the Crimean war. Others were away In Burmah. These departures left barely eighteen white regiments available for action. Sev­ eral of the most Important arsenals and garrisons were in charge of the Sepoys. At about this time the En­ field rifle was adopted for use among the Sepoys. In loading the rifle It was necessary to bite off the end of the cartridges. These cartridges were coated with grease. They were also packed In glazed paper. The fore­ going facts seem mere trifles, yet they brought on a bloody Insurrection. The Sepoy regiments were made up of Mahometans and Buddhists. As the English very well knew, the Buddhists and Mahometans alike are forbidden by the most sacred laws of their re­ ligion from eating or even handling pork. At once It was claimed by na­ tive rulers, agitators and fanatics that the fat of swine was used in greasing the cartridges and gluzlng the paper. To this was added the rumor that the government was seeking to force the native troops to embruce Christianity, by making them violate their own creed. At once fanaticism blazed into furious revolt A devout Christian could not be more Indignant at being commanded to stamp on the crucifix than were these Moslem and Hindu devotees at the order to defile their souls by handling and tasting pork-fat. Several Sepoy regiments refused to receive the cartridges, and even re­ belled. They were disbanded, and the government tardily "called In” the hated articles of ammunition. On May 2, 1887, a cavalry regiment was ordered, by error, to bite the greased cartridges, In loading their guns. They refused and were forcibly disarmed. This was the signal for general revolt At Meerut, a few miles northeast of Delhi, the Sepoys and townsfolk rose together, mas­ sacred the British garrison and white residents and marched to Delhi. They captured the latter city and made It the headquarters of the mutiny. The whole Bengal presidency revolted and Europeans were massacred wholesale amid the most unspeakable outrages. Nana Sahib, maharajah of Blthur, loudly proclaimed his loyalty to the government, but at the first oppor­ tunity went over to the mutineers. He besieged Cawnpore. On bis sol­ emn promise of safe-conduct the gar­ rison at last surrendered. As soon as they were at his mercy he murdered them, massacring 210 English women and children who had sought refuge In the town. Lucknow and other cities garrisoned by the English were be­ sieged, and throughout northern and central India British rule was nearly extinct. The government nt last awoke to the peril. Armies under Havelock, Out­ ran, Campbell and other generals were sent to stamp out the mutiny. Luck­ now was relieved wheh at the last gasp, and within a year the final sparks of Insurrection were quenched. Then the British wreaked fearful ven­ geance on their beaten foes. The mutiny brought about a rad­ ical change In England's mode of rul­ ing her East Indian possessions. In 187*1 Benjamin Disraeli, premier of Grpat Britain, framed the “Royal Titles Act," making Queen Victoria empress of India, and. Incidentally, securing for himself the title of earl of Aeaconsfleld by way of reward. A iftr & a n z X R Tioteaæ By ELMO 8COTT W AT8ON —9 S.S N SUNDAY, May 8, the heart of America will be quickened at the thought of one word — “Mother.” For that la Mother’s day, an annual event which la generally observed, not by Presidential proclamation, legislative enactment or church dictum, but because sentiment decrees that tho second Sunday In May of each year shall be the day upon which we honor the women who gave us birth. Mother's day this year has a special significance because of at least two distinct projects which are under way to honor one of the most heroic types of motherhood the world has ever known—the pioneer mother of Amer­ ica. And In both cases the honoring will be done In memorials of everlast­ ing bronze. One of them la the announced pur­ pose of E. W. Marland, an Oklahoma oil millionaire, of erecting a heroic statue of "The Pioneer Woman” on the famous Cherokee Strip In Okla­ homa, the last government land opened to homesteaders. Twelve of the leading sculptors of America have submitted models from which he is to select one for the completed work. An exhibit of these models Is being sent to various cities throughout the Mid­ dle West and Far West and the public Is to be given a chance, by popular vote In each city, to aid Mr. Marland In making his selection, by which, it Is hoped, the model best Interpreting the pioneer woman will be chosen. “The Pioneer Mother” Is to be Im­ mortalized In bronze In another west­ ern city when the monument by that name (shown In the Illustration above) Is unveiled In Penn Valley park In Kansas City this spring. This monu­ ment Is the work of A. Phimtster Proc­ tor, noted for his statue of CoL Theo­ dore Rdosevelt as a Rough Rider, which stands In Portland, Ore., as well as for several other fine pieces of work In other cities. It will be pre­ sented to Kansas City by Howard Van- dersllce. Who, as a baby, was carried In the arms of his pioneer mother from Kentucky over a westward trail to the Indian lands of Kansas, In Just such a manner as that depicted In Proctor’s statuary group. It Is especially appropriate that this memorial should stand In Kansas City with the face of the pioneer mother turned to the great trans-Mlssonrl W est For the site of Kansas City Is historic ground. In this vicinity were the eastern termini of two great high­ ways—the Santa Fe trail and the Ore­ gon trail—over which the stream of emigration poured Into the last Ameri­ can wilderness. The Santa Fe trail was primarily an artery of commerce, but the Oregon trail was a homeseek- er’s highway to the gold fields of Cal- fornla and to the rich valleys of Ore­ gon and Washington. The epic of the Oregon trail has been written many times and In many different ways so that the picture of the women of the "Covered Wagon” era Is as clear In our minds as that of the men of those days. But It should not be forgotten that the mothers of that perlorf were not the first to be cast in heroic roles In the mighty drama of the westward Q CfTY' -|..|.,l.,| + l- l - l i l l l t- l- l l-1 I I I n 1 -I-» 77ie Prairie Mother She cam e to rock the oradle of a n ew em pire. A d ven tu re c a lls to m en, b u t d u ty su m m ons w om ­ en. And so, w h en th e tim e w a s ripe to breed n ew sta r s for the flaff, sh e se t forth from M aine and Ohio and K llla r n e y ’s lo v e li­ n e ss and her S w ed ish v illa g e and her fjord hom e to m oth er the w ild ern ess. Ortly God and sh e k n o w s the fu lln e s s o f h er g iv in g to the y o u n g N orth w est. She liv ed In sod h o u ses and h a y -r o o fed h u ts, w ith the n ew est n eigh b or o ften a d ay's tru d ge aw ay. She had no d ecen cies. She did n ot oven k n ow the lu x u ry o f floór or fireplace. H er m eal w a s grou n d in a hand m ill and her b a k in g ra n g e w a s a m a k e sh ift oven In th e yard. She h elp ed In the fields— a t the p lo w in g and th e so w in g , and sh e helped to sc y th e th e crop and bind th e sh eaves. She w atered sto c k and spun and k n itted and tailored . She m ade a gard en and p reserved the w in te r food, m fiked her co w s and n u rsed her ch ild ren . The sle e p y -e y e d sun foun d her a l­ ready at h er ta sk s, and the m id- m oon heard h er croon the baby to rest. H er “b e a u ty sle ep ” b egan at ten and ended a t four. Y ear in and y ea r o u t sh e n ev er had an oran ge, a box o f s w e e ts or a g ift o f rem em brance. She fo u g h t d rou gh t and dearth and sa v a g e s and s a v a g e lo n e li­ n ess, her “Sunday b e sts” w ere calico and lln se y w o o lsey . She g r e w old a t the ra te o f tw e n ty - four m on th s a y ea r a t th e gru b - ««■ b ln g hoe and th e w a sh tu b and the churn. * She bore h er b airn s a lo n e and burled them on th e frozen p rai­ ries. B u t sh e a sk ed no p ity for her broken arch es, her a c h in g back, her poor, g n a rled hands. Or for the w is tfu l m em ories o f a fa irer you th In s w e e te r lands. She g a v e A m erica th e g rea t N o rth w est, and w a s too proud to quibble a t th e c o s t o f th e s t a l­ w a rt so n s to w hom sh e wlH ed I t “She m oth ered MEN!— H erb ert K au fm an In th e M inneapolis (M lnfl.) T rib u n e. push of the dominant white race. His­ tory is full of the pioneer fathers, hut, except for a few outstanding Incidents and personages, It has said little about the pioneer mothers. To trace their history it is necessary to go hack 800 years to the first settlements on the "stern and rock-bound coast” of New England and to remember that every privation, every suffering from cold and hunger, every danger from hostile red men which the Pilgrim Fathers endured, was also endured by the Pil­ grim Mothers. The first American frontier was the gloomy woods which fringed the shore of the Atlantic seaboard and held the first settlers close to the water's edge. This first frontier produced the Amer­ ican frontiersman, one of the hardiest types mankind has ever known. And It produced, too, the American fron- tlerswoman who was a fit mate for such a man. She dtd her share In mak­ ing a home and when It was necessary she could handle the rifle and the ax to defend that home. Who has not heard the oft-repeated tale of Hannah Dustin (or Dustan) the Massachusetts heroine of King Philip’s war In New England who proved with her good right arm the heroic quality of the grandmother will know It, cook knows It, and even God knows you were naughty and had to be spanked." Bobby, showing the first real Inter­ Bobby, age six, had been quite naughty, and had received a rather est: “Oh, has He a radio, to o t’ old-fashioned spanking. Jane, recent­ ly started to Sunday school, was hor­ Babiee Should Organize rified st Bobby’s quick recovery from Everywhere we look we see under­ the affair, and, seeking to bring him to deeper repentance, asked him hand cracks being taken at children whether he were not sorry to have The Chart of Table Manners In the been so bad that he had to be Woman’s Home Companion says they “should not be permitted to leave the spanked. She said: “Daddy will know IS, table to’play or read between courses." Modern Babes F«em of Cryetal Every crystal has a definite molec­ ular structure and Its outward form Is bounded by a number of faces re­ sulting from the regular arrangement of the particles of the substance which Is undergoing solidification. Al­ though the faces often develop un­ equally, the angles between them re­ main constant Uncivilized People Lying, cheating and theft are . Ucally unknown among the Eskimos. Quick Thinking A woman waiting outside a down­ town movie theater Bunday night broke a heel from her shoe when she attempted to push her way Into the lobby. 8he stood In evident bewilder­ ment for a moment bolding the de­ tached heel in one band. Other the­ atergoers stood by and wondered what her next move would be. Suddenly, with an enlightened smile, she stooped down and ripped the heel from her pioneer mother defending her chil­ dren? When the frontier was pushed back to the summit of the Appalachian mountains the pioneer mother stood beside her man and looked down Into the fertile Ohio valley and saw with him the vision of their future home. She also faced the unknown terrors of the "Dark and Bloody Ground” of Kentucky and helped him hold It against the frenzied attempts of the Indians to eject the white man from his best-loved hunting ground. In that dark period of 20 years—from the outbreak of the Revolution to the time of “Mad Anthony” Wayne’s vic­ tory over the confederated tribes of the Northwest—when the fate of the white settlement In the Mississippi vnl- ley hung In the balance, It was the pioneer woman quite as much as the pioneer man who decided the Issue. But not all of the courage of the pioneer mother was shown when It came to a hand-to-hand encounter. So long as Kentuckians repeat the stories heard at their mothers’ knees,, so long will they tell of the women of Bryant’s Station. These were the women who, when the station was surrounded by Indians, volunteered to go to a spring nearby and bring the water which the defenders of the fort would need so badly when the battle began. The In­ dians were “lying low" preparing for a surprise attack. If the men“went for water the attack would be precipitated. If the women went as usual, the sav­ ages MIGHT refrain from revealing their presence by attacking the wa­ ter-bearers. Again they might not. It was a fearful chance those women took. But they took It, walked steadily down to the spring, conscious all the time of snake-like eyes glittering at them from the bushes close at hand, filled their buckets and walked stead­ ily back to the safety of the stockaded walls. And they didn’t spill a drop of water I That was the type of courage these pioneer mothers possessed. But hostile Indians were not the only terror which the pioneer mother faced and conquered. She faced and con­ quered the terrors of loneliness In Isolated cabins, of starvation, of bit­ ter winters and sultry summers, whose stagnation brought sickness and death to her and her family with no doctors within hundreds of miles. Too often was It true that My m oth er sh e w a s m erry and b ravs. And so sh e cam e to her labor W ith a ta ll g r e e n flr for a d octor g r a v e And a strea m for a co m fo r tin g n eigh b or. __"The B a lla d o f W illiam S ycam ore”— B enet. When the American frontier crossed the Mississippi and the last westward push began. In the forefront of that long line of historic figures which make up the splendid pageant of the West was the figure which dominates the group by Proctor—the figure of the pioneer mother, her baby In her arms and her face turned toward the west. Forgetful of the terrors she had known In the forests of the East, she braved the terrors of the great plains and mountains of the West. Flooded rivers, prairie fires, snow-filled moun­ tain passes, Indian attacks, hunger and thirst and sickness could not hold her back. Her face was turned to the west and when she had followed the “star of empire" to her goal she had helped build a nation. If you can’t give them this relief, then set a table for them In the kitchen which Is really the nicest room In th< house anyhow, full of delicious splej smells. Height of Quietude A silence room so perfectly sound­ proof for testing cases of deafness that the beat of the heart and the ■•flick” of the eyelid when quickly closed and opened can be heard Is one of the features of the new Royal Ear hospital, London. other ahoe. Putting a heel Into each of her coat pockets, she continued Into the theater.—Detroit News. Electrical Heal The bureau of standards says that large carbon filament lamps are prob ably atlll made In small quantltlea for heating purposes. They are used In so-tailed “cosy glow" or “radiant glow" bathroom heaters. Wire re alstance units are now very generally used Instead o* lamps. Hucb lamps art called “Lester lamps.” Acceptance of Office There Is no law In this country com­ pelling a man to accept an office, but nnder the common law all citizens In peace, as well as in war, owe their services to the state when required, hence, site» being duly elected, may be requlrqjl to take oath and qualify themselves as public qjtlcers. The only defenses are Illegal election or appointment, legal disqualification to hold office or proof that the office Is Incompatible. There are few refusals 0« record, however. " ’And now,’ said Mahalla, ’I am go­ ing to show you the most wonderful MT BELONG to Muhalla,” said the animal on the whole farm, and she Is 1 cow, “and I can tell you I’m my animal, too. She Is my dear Bossy Cow.’ mighty fond of her, “Then Mahalla pointed to me, and “She's Just the dearest little girl In she said: the whole world. Her voice Is so “ ‘She Is my pet. She knows me sweet and her manners are so sweet when I call her. She will follow me, and she is kind and gentle. “She laughs, too, and she knows and you know a pet cow isn’t usual. “ ‘She Is most certainly not usual. how to have a good time. She Is a great one for a Joke and everyone She Is too wonderful to be usual.’ "I was Just as proud as could be around her always feels merry and when I heard this, and then, what do gay. “Why, even though I am only a cow, you suppose that Nelly said?” “I can't Imagine,’’ said Neighbor I feel better the minute Mahalla Cow. “I'm sure I can’t possibly Im­ comes around me.” “Don’t you belong to the farmer?” agine. Moo, moo, moo, do tell me.” Nelly said, continued Muhalla's asked the neighbor cow. These two cows were talking to cow: “ ‘I wouldn’t want a cow for a pet. each other. One was In a pasture on one side I've a kitten at home, and the kitten of the fence and one was In a pasture Is my pet “ ’Why, there's nothing pretty about on the other side of the fence. For these cows did not belong to a cow. You can’t take a cow In your the same farm. They were chatting lap. And a cow Isn’t cute. I wouldn't across the fence In a most neighborly want an old cow for a pet.’ “Well, you should have heard Ma­ fashion. "I am owned In a way by the farm­ halla. I didn’t know what she would er, of course," said the first cow. “But be able to say, for I knew she would my real owner Is little Mahalla. Her want to stand up for me, and yet the words that Nelly had said were true, though I didn’t like them at all. “Mahalla spoke up quickly, and said: " ‘I wouldn’t have a kitten In ex change for my cow. I wouldn't have any pet In exchange for my cow. “ ’Why, a kitten drinks milk, all right, but a cow gives milk. “ ’Just think of the number of lives a cow saves every year. Yes, a cow' gives milk so that babies and children and grownups, too, may be stroug and live long. “ "That’s what my IJpssy does, too. I can't take her in my lap, but I can put my head close to berg, and I can pet her Just as well standing up. “ ’I don’t cure for a cute p et I want a pet Just like my cow, a pet who thinks of others and n pet who Is good and gentle and sweet.’ “Well, Nelly had nothing to say to that, but when Mahalla came to me and kissed me, and I smiled at Mu- halla In my cow way out of my big eyes and gave Muhalla a kiss, Nelly said: “ 'Well, your cow Is nice, though slip’s a funnv old thing for a pet.’ And Mahalla said: “ ‘She may be a funny old thing for Chatting Across the Fence In a Neigh­ a pet to you, but to me she’s my own borly Faehlon. dear Bossy Cow.’ Daddy said she could call me her cow. “And I can tell you. Neighbor, that “For I have always been her favor­ made me happy. Sometimes I used to ite cow, and she says I will always be think I was a big clumsy, stupid sort her favorite cow. of a creature, but since Mahalla spoke “She can milk me, too. Oh, yes, and as she did, I know that I, too, am of she says that the milk and the cream some account In this life. and the butter I give are tlie best In “It has certainly put new life, as the world. they say, Into me, and given me heart “But I must tell you of the little to go on with my work. girl who came to see Mahalla. The “And oh, above all. It has made me little girl's name was Nelly. a happy, happy cow, for Mahalla—the "Nelly was being shown over the sweet Mahalla—loves me I” farm by Mahalla. (C o p y r ig h t.) THE BOSSY COW W H EN I WAS TWENTY-ONE BY JOSEPH K A YB What Does Your Child Want to Know A n s w e re d by BARBARA BOURJAILY A* twenty-ons: John Hays Ham­ mond started out to learn mors and didn’t i l l T HEN I was twenty-one I grad- W uated from Yale with a I’h. D. degree and then went to Freiberg, 8axony, for a post-graduate course at the Royal School of Mines. "I remained there tor three years and when I returned to the United States I tackled Senator Hearst, then a foremost mine owner In the West for a Job. The senator told me: "The only objection I have to you Is that you have been at Freiberg and have had yonr head filled with a lot of fool theories. I don’t want any kid-glove WHY DOES BAKING MAKE engineers." POTATOES 8OFT? “If yon promise not to tell my fn- Each little starch grain bursts apart ther, I’ll tell yon something.” I an­ When heated hot enough, swered. The senator promised. ‘I And thue becomes dl gee-ti-ble— didn’t learn a thing In Germany,’ I Not like, however, a cream puff. said. I began work the next morning (C o p y r ig h t.) at seven o’clock.—JOHN HAYS HAM­ MOND.” TODAY: Mr. Hammond Is one of the greatest mlnl/ig engineers In the world. Through his efforts mines were opened In the United States, In South and Central America, In Mexico and Russia. He Is also a leading fig­ ure In the building of electric car lines and hydroelectric power plants In all parts of the world, and has mnde ex­ tensive operations for lund Irrigation on a gigantic scale. The adventures that Mr. Hammond has passed through In hlg life would fill a book with more thrilling epi­ sodes than those of nny hero In fic­ tion. He hag starved for days In Jungles, escaped cnnnlbnls and Just slipped out of an executioner’s hands In Africa, where he was arrested by Kruger and trapped by the prose- FOR THE GOOSE— VEN a brunette can look fulr—It she goes to Africa. E The more you know the less you be­ lieve what you hear—especially If It’s bud. ’ Wherever there Is a successful mar­ riage you will find that the woman Is a good sport ubout most things. FOR THE GANDER— You may not be thlnkln' about how you look to a woman. Rut you can always be sure she’s thlnkln* about how she looks to you. What they call woman’s Intuition Is on’y a liublt of recordin' detail uni) leupln’ to conclusions. Women Is alwnys actin’. Even It you find a truthful one, she's prob'ly dramatizin' her talent for tellln' the truth. (C ofcyrlcht.) H a t E veryth in g A rra n g e d “What's that electrlclal device you have on your folding bed?” “That rings an alarm bell whenever I t W ill G ro w Hobart—I. like Belle's looks. She the bed doubles up.” "Where's the bell?” has such a short upper Up. “At the undertaker's.” Horace—It’ll be long enough after she’s married. Portable Secrete RL Peter—You can't bring that Dave—Now you know our secret thing In here. Reporter—Say, the typewriter peo­ must be kept a secret. Bally—Oh, yes. I'll tell everybody ple told me that that machine could be carried anywhere I Jones—“I never sow auch a reader that