Urges Helium to_
Float Airships
know something of helium and the
development In the production to date.
Scientists admit that Its discovery
was one of pure science. It was first
discovered In 1808, In India, while
scientists were making observations
of an eclipse of the sun. Scientists
agree that the occurrence of helium
Is In the air, in sea and river water,
in rocks and mineral springs, In gey
It la Now Recovered From Natural sers and In volcanic gases, but the
only quantities on a large scale can
Gas—More Experimental Work In
be recovered from the natural gas of
the Production of Helium
the United States."
Urged by Van R. Manning.
Manning Says Rare Gas Is Non-
Explosive, and Therefore
Safer Than Hydrogen.
MOST ABUNDANT IN U. S. A.
Is Last Surviving
Grandchild of Signer
People of Berlin Don’t Want Any More War
Newport, It. I.—Henrietta
Chunning Ellery of this city has
the distinction of being the last
surviving grandchild of a signer
of the Declaration of Independ
ence. She Is the granddaughter
of William Ellery.
Miss Ellery was bom April 8,
1838, and has lived her entire
life In Newport. Neither she
nor her sister Mary, long since
deceased, ever married. For a
great many years they made
their home In the Ellery home
stead, on Thames street, the
home of their grandfather, but
this house Is no longer standing.
The Newport chapter of the
Daughters of the American Rev
olution Is named after this sign
er of the Declaration of Inde
pendence.
Before the Bank of England was
Washington.—Further experimental
work In the production of helium as founded In 1084, there were no banks
a substitute for hydrogen gas for In all that country.
dirigibles is urged by Vun It. Man
ning, former director of the United
States bureau of mines and new di
rector of research for the American
Petroleum Institute. The terrible loss
of life In the ZR-2 disaster at Hull,
England, Mr. Maiming declnred, ac
centuates the need for an intensive
development of helium here.
“The military and commercial use
of helium for dirigibles,’’ snid Mr.
Manning, “is generally recognized, al
though to date no practical utilization
of this gas has been made except by
the government. In the spring of 1917,
ns the director of the bureau of mines
I npproved a preliminary investigation
as to the possibilities of the produc
tion of helium as a war mensure, and
ns a result a co-operative effort was
instigated by the Interior, Army and
Natfy departments looking toward the
solving of a problem which was Im
portant to our own and our nllies’ in
terests.
Prompt and quick results
were desired.
Results Satisfactory.
"It can be said to the credit of
these branches of our government
that satisfactory results were ob
tained, although not In time to put
Into actual service dirigibles filled
with helium. Ample funds were al-
loted by the Army and Navy depart
Here are the winners in the Indiun baby show which was a feature ot
ments to the bureau of mines, Inte
rior department, and'experiments were the Indian field days thut are held every year In Yellowstone National park.
Immediately begun with three proc
esses. One process was proved to
he successful, another not wholly suc
cessful and the third plant has been
operating experimentally up to a few
weeks ago. The fact Is that the gov
ernment is now operating a large
helium production plant, with a ca
pacity of 80,000 cubic feet of helium
per day.
“MuJ. P. E. Van Nostrand of the
United States army, who was to have Three Types of Aircraft Definitely plane; “hydroplane” designates a sea
been one of the officers on the 111-
sled, which planes on the surface of
Named in New Order to
fnted ZR-2, wns one of the collabora
the water, but does not take the air.
tors In the development of tills work
An nisplane has been called an "aero,”
Army
and
Navy.
and fully appreciates the Importance
which, It Is explained. Is ns wrong as
of helium for dirigibles and balloons,
culling a bout a “water.” The words
Is credited by the press with the stnte
"aeroplane,” "hydro-aeroplane” and
ment that ‘had the ship been tilled
"dirigible," have been done away with
with helium It Is doubtful If such an
and "airplane,” "seaplane” and “air
ship” have taken their places.
accident could have happened.’
According to the recent puhllshed
Expense Justified.
National Advisory Committee on Aero,
“As one who hod to bear the respon nautice Compiles Standard Terms— report of the national advisory com
mittee, "aircraft" constitutes any form
sibility for the experimental work
"Aircraft” Is Any Form of Craft
of craft designed to navigate the air
until a year ago, I cannot emphasize
That Navigates the Air.
nnd Is divided into “aerostats" and
too strongly the statement tlint the
“alrplnnes.”
Aerostats
comprise
government expenditures, large ns
Washington.—Standard aeronautical Ilghter-than-alr craft, embodying a
they were, In sepurnting helium from
natural gns for use In dirigibles, terms, devised and compiled by the container filled with a gas lighter than
whether for military or commercial uutional advisory committee for aero nlr, such ns hydrogen, and sustained
purposes, have been thoroughly Justi nautics, have been officially prescribed by Its buoyancy. They Include “air
fied, nnd it will he obvious to any for use In the army and navy, llere- ships” and “balloons.”
The word "airplane” Is now used
one who has even a superficial Idea nfter, the new order states, the offi
of the uses for helium that ample cers of the two ulr services will use to designate craft heavier than air,
obtaining support from the nctlon of
funds should be forthcoming from the the regulation nomenclature.
For some time, aerial experts point the air on the wings, and driven
government and private sources to
carry on further experimental work. out, laymen have been culling any through the nlr by screw propellers.
The government Is now the chief user thing thnt traverses the air un “air- Airplanes equipped for alighting on
of helium, and I should like to direct ship,” whereas the word “aircraft” water are termed "seaplanes.”
"Airships,” ns the ernft formerly
the attention of our country to the should be employed. They say that
Importance of continuing nctlve and all balloons, rigid nnd nonrigld air- known as llghter-thnn-air are now
Immediate development of the rigid ships, or llghter-thnn air craft, are called, are divided into three types;
airship and helium programs previous constantly being termed "blimps," a “rigid," whose form Is maintained by
ly undertaken by congress to the end slang word, now obsolete, hut original n metallic frame within the gas bag
that the officers and men who forfeited ly used to designate a nonrigld alr- or envelope; “nonrigld,” whose enve
their lives may not have died In vain.” plAne fuselage slung beneath the. gas lope Is kept taut by the pressure of
the contained gns, and "semirigid,”
The story of helium wns described bag.
maintained by a rigid or Jointed keel
by Mr. Manning as “one of the ro
“Seaplane,” Not “Hydroplane.”
mances of science.” “It may be of
The word “hydroplane" has often nnd nlso by gns pressure. These three
Interest at thia time," he said, “to been misused lu referring to a sea- types are all propelled by gas engines
located in a hull or car, or in indi
vidual engine houses suspended below
the supporting envelope, and controlled
by means of rudders and fins.
Soma New Terms.
Among the new nnd often misun
derstood terms are the following:
Aeronaut—The pilot of an aerostat
(airship or balloon).
Airdrome—A landing field equipped
with hangars and shops.
Aviator—The operator or pilot cf
henvler-than-alr craft, such as air
planes and seaplanes.
Fuselage—Body of an airplane. In
cluding engine and passenger seats.
Gilder—An airplane without a pow
er plant.
Ilellocopter—An aircraft deriving
Its support not from wings but the
vertical thrust of propellers.
Omlthopter—An aircraft deriving
Its support and power from flapping
wings.
Pancake—To land by an airplane
by leveling o ff higher from the ground
than normal, causing It to stall and
descend nearly vertically.
Soar—To fly on a level without
power.
Spin—An aerial maneuver In which
the airplane descends nearly vertical
ly while turning rapidly In the form
of a helix or a “corkscrew."
Taxi—To run an airplane over the
With the exception of occasional cloudbursts which sometimes shed as ground or seaplane over the water
much ss six Inches of rain In half an hour, rain Is almost unknown In the under Its own power, without taking
Mojave desert, California. When the cloudbursts come they wash out roads the air.
and everything else. This motorcyclist Is attempting to navigate one of the
Zoom—To climb rapidly at a very
roads after such a storm.
steep angls.
Prize Winners in Indian Baby Show
New Aviation
Terms Fixed
CUTS OUT SLANG PHRASES
Motorcycling in Mojave Desert
A monster demonstration was held In front of the Lustgarten In Berlin recently, In commemoration of the World
war. Thousands of placards reading “Never Again War” were carried.
Volga Towns in
Hunger Despair
People Sit Silent In the Streets
Awaiting Death to End
Their Sufferings.
PICTURES OF GRIM MISERY
Docks and Railroad Stations Piled
High With Belongings of Refugees
Driven From Their Land by
Drought and Grasshopper*.
other night while they were waiting
to be transferred to some other town.
Others were lying nbout and were so
helpless that It was difficult to dis
tinguish between the living and the
dead.
HAS 4,000 PATIENTS
ent at Samara said the other day the
only way to handle the situation was
to segregate those who have been
stricken. They receive rations when
food is available, but there Is no soap. ;
Five hundred sick children were |
found grouped in one building in Sa
mara. Some of them were seen eat
ing leaves from shrubs, while others
were lying about on dirty beds, more
dead than alive. Most of these chil
dren were so ashen and emaciated
that they resembled old men and
women.
Germans Among Sufferers.
Many once prosperous German fam
ilies from Mariupol ana other Ger
man centers are among the refugees
at Samara and are living In filth and
poverty In crowded dock sheds or
have no shelter at all. Several Ger
mans told the correspondent they had
relatives In Siberia and were trying
to reach Omsk, but they had exhaust
ed their money and could not get per
Kow would you like to have 4,IMX)
mission to migrate eastward.
Miss Anna Haines of Philadelphia, patients and have to examine them
a worker for the Friends’ relief organ all on Saturday afternoon? This Is
ization, Is in Samara ami recently the tnsk assigned to Floyd S. Young,
said the mortality among children less who has charge of the fish aquarium
than three years old is very high nnd nt a department stors in Chicago.
thnt nearly 90 per cent are already Floyd has nothing to do nil week long
dead. She told of four persons dying except to see thnt his 4,iOO fish are
on a station platform In Samara the supplied with food and water, but on
Saturday afternoon he takes them all
out and gives them an examination
and treats any of them that seem to be
...................................... ........■' nillng. They require baths; they have
Took Clothes; Punched
to have their fins looked over and each
one of them Is susceptible to a num
Nose; Are Wife’s Woes
ber of diseuses.
Seattle, Wash.—Married 80
days—nnd then divorce!
WOULD-BE RESCUERS PERISH
Asserting that her husband
secured aU of her clothes, locked
Men Plunge Into Pond to Save Boy
her in an Isolated room and
Whose Antics Lead Them to Be
then left their home, taking the
lieve He Was Drowning.
clothing with him, Mrs. Willena
White recently filed suit for di
New York.—The shouts and splash-
vorce against Roy White.
lngs of Edward Anderson, eight years
The couple was married only
did, were mistaken for the cries of
a little more than two months
n drowning lad, and two workmen of
ago, on May 31, 1921, says the
Elizabeth, N. J.—Paul Saps and Mich
complaint and have quarreled
ael Sowenk—plunged Into a pond on
continually since that time. It
Staten Island to rescue him.
Is charged that the husbnnd
The boy, thinking the men were go
struck his wife and choked her;
ing to arrest him, swam to the bank.
that he called her vile nam es;
When he looked back at the water
that he threatened to shoot both
there was no one in sight.
her and her mother and that he
Two policemen later recovered the
has frequently insulted her be
bodies, of Saps and Sowenk from the
fore her friends.
bottom of the pond. It is believed
Mrs. White asks the return of
that cramps seized them.
her maiden name, Willena Rob
erts.
When a young man proposes It is up
»
------- ------ = * to the girl to lose her self-pcssesslon.
Syzran, Russia.—There was a time
when Syzran was the most colorful
city along the Volga, hut that time Is
gone. Today it Is crowded with dust-
begrimed peasants, who group them
selves Into gray masses In their search
for food.
There was a time when the air was
filled with a perfect babel of tongues—
the languages of the Kalmucks, Mon
gols, Tartars, Chinese nnd Russians—
but the crowds that throng the streets
of the city nt present are mute. Even
the laughter of children has been si
lenced In the despair that has settled
over these tens of thousands, who sit,
crossing themselves, nnd wait for
what seems to be the inevitable.
Picture* of Grim Misery.
Pictures of misery seen here are du
plicated In Samara, Simbirsk, Saratoff,
Tsaritzin, nnd every other city in the
famine-stricken vnlley of the Volga.
Docks and railroad stations are piled
high with the belongings of the refu
gees, who were driven from their land
by the drought and the clouds of
grasshoppers thnt destroyed even the
meager grain thnt had defied the heat
of the terrible summer now drawing
to a tragic close. Committees are try
ing to move the refugees to other
points where there Is some promise
of food, but It is necessary to use
the limited river nnd railroad trans
portation facilities to send seed grain
Into the country and to bring bread
Into the famine districts.
Many professional beggars of the
gypsy type are to he found here and
In other large centers In southern
Russia, but the starving farmers ask
no alms and utter no cry. They
stand silent and await their fate with
the stoicism pictured so graphically
and truthfully by Tolstoy and Dosto
ievsky.
Sell Rings and Clothing.
Markets have sprung up mushroom-
like here nnd there about the refugee
camps, offering for sale vegetables,
bread, flour and meat. They are sur
rounded by hungry people, who have
no money to offer, but who exchange
wedding rings, fur coats, caps, ket
tles. pans, boots nnd other small pos
sessions. They know the Russian win
ter Is coming, and that It wtil find
them without shelter nnd clothing, but
they are obliged to give up the ne
cessities of the future to meet the de
mands of the present.
Large peasant families arrive In a
state of exhaustion, their carts being
dragged by camels and starved
horses. There Is no hay or grain
here, nnd there Is slight prospect that
the animals can be kept alive until
spring.
In the carts are snmovnrs, talking
machines, concertinas and American
sewing machines, which are bartered
for food or for coffins. The dead
lie unnoticed for hours, while near
them are pitiful groups boiling a few <
potatoes and onions with which to
keep alive. Some markets are under
armed guard, hut this appears to be
unnecessary, as the peasants are too
weak and passive to take violent
measures.
Typhus Claiming Victims.
Qreat crowds attempt to ding to
the few trains that leave here dally,
and soldiers often pull some of the
refugees from the cars, frequently •
separating families, some members of
The greatest of all the festivals celebrated In Java Is the harvest festival.
which have managed to secrete them
During the procession the sultans of the clans sit under great sunshades that
selves between the cars.
Typhus has appeared In many are covered with gold and silver stars, making plain the rank of those squatted
places and the hospital superlntend- beneath them.
At the Harvest Festival of Java