Trapshooters Compete in Match at Pinehurst
SHOW TEXAS AS
LAND GRABBER
Testing New Bullet-Proof Glass
:
—,
*
■
.
'■
'
* ■.
«
Maps Give It 1,875 Miles That
Don’t Belong to It, Says
Geologist
NO PROPER —
STATE MAP MADE
Texas System of Land Survey Inher
ited From Mexico and Spain—
Current Maps Made by Many
Individuala
A view of the mid-winter handicap shoot on the famous traps at Pinehurst, N. C. Marksmen from many east
ern and southern cities competed.
,
Inventions Increase Safety.
Many war discoveries aid in increas
ing the safety of airship travel. The
wireless direction finder makes it pos
sible for the ship to find her location
at all times and so navigate success
fully in fogs. The increasing range
and sources of information of the
meteorological service aids in giving
weather forecasts that will warn air
craft of approaching storms, which can
be avoided by a change of course.
Laboratory investigations are now
being made of the nature of the parti
cles of moisture that forms fogs, and
it is hoped that some way will be
found of dispersing fog, so that a local
clear area may be maintained about
the landing places. All landing places
are marked with brilliant electric bea
cons and lighthouses are being erected
No Proper State Map.
to guide night flying ships along aerial
There
is no map published showing
routea
Airships are even now a safe form even approximately the physical fea
of travel. When rain, high winds or tures of the trans-Pecos section, the
electric storms approach they can seek mountainous portion of the state. Many
the higher air levels and so avoid dan of the ranges and peaks are entirely
ger.
The risks from fire have been omitted and others are located inac
reduced to a minimum, end the dan curately. Doctor Hill has made a spe
ger of engine trouble, ever present in cial study of these sections of the state
the airplane, is nullified by the fact . and Will make known many inaccu
that repairs always can be made with- | racies through the maps he is prepar
out descending. Rigid airships never ing for the government.
The Davis mountains, well known to
hâve less than four engines, and it is
improbable that all engines will break
down at one time. Even if half the
engines broke down the ship could
travel at four-fifths of her normal
speed.
Public Demands Speed.
The airship has the advantage over
both the airplane and the steamship as
a passenger craft. The airplane can
only travel 300 miles without stopping
at a base for fuel and is thus imprac United States Plans to Make Ani
ticable for long distance routes. It is,
mal Important Factor in
furthermore, of limited carrying ca
Meat Industry.
pacity, and the disagreeable features
of noise and vibration cannot be done |
away with. The great rigid, moving
steadily day and night and hav
ing a cruising radius of 2,000 to
3,000 miles, makes a far better passen Alaska Has 200,000 Reindeer With
ger ship. It has been suggested that
Range for Several Millions—Multi
airplane routes could be used as feed
ply From Original Importation
ers to the airship lines, small airplanes
of 1,280 In 28 Years.
carrying passengers to a central point,
whence they could embark on the air
Washington.—Santa Claus’ reindeer
ships of transoceanic and transconti
have promise of becoming a factor in
nental lines.
When the lines are established the the meat supply of this country as
steamships also will find them serious they are in Scandinavia, where rein
competitors. The airship is infinitely deer meat last year sold at a higher
quicker and does not have the pitch price than beef or mutton. The gov
and toss that makes steamer travel ernment is going to aid in putting the
unpleasant. The demand for great infant industry of Alaska on its feet
liners that cut down the time spent in by experiments in increasing the rein
transatlantic travel shows that there deer’s weight to about double thé pres
is a large class of travelers who want ent average by scientifically breeding
and will pay for speed. These people them, locating ranges and studying the
will be the clientele of the transatlan animal's diseases, parasites and graz
ing problems. Provision is made in
tic airship.
The shipment of valuables, bonds, the agricultural appropriation bill of
stocks and bullion on the speedy air this year for that purpose.
liners will save the money lost in inter
Alaska Has 200,000 Reindeer.
est. and urgent malls should be shipped
Dr. E. W. Nelson, chief of the bio
In this way.
Even at an ad logical survey, in urging the appropria
vanced postage rate a letter of thou tion, told congress there are about
sands of words could be speedily trans 200,000 reindeer in Alaska, of which
mitted In this way at the cost of one about three-fourths belong to the na
word of a cabled message.
tives and one-fourth to the govern
Advantages Over Steamship.
ment and to white owners who have
The advantages of the airship over started a commercial industry in grow-
the steamship and also the relative
cost of travel are shown in the follow
PEREZ AND HIS BRIDE
ing table compiled by Brigadier Gen
eral Maitland:
Air Liners to
Link
World
-------
*-------------- -—------ -
Plan to Fly Giant Dirigibles From
London to America, Aus
tralia and Africa.
SPEED 60 MILES ÄN HOUR
Craft, With 100 Passengers Aboard,
Expected to Fly From England
to California In Four Days—
Commercial Airship Is Al
ready a Success.
London.—Plans are now under dis
cussion here for linking up all parts
of the world by passenger air routes,
on which giant dirigibles, flying two
miles above the surface at 60 miles an
hour, will join London with North
America, Australia, India and South
Africa.
If these plans are carried
out air liners 800 feet long, equipped
with berths, dining rooms, smoking
rooms, libraries and observation plat
forms, will speed from England to
San Francisco In four days, stopping
to discharge passengers and malls at
New York and Chicago.
Each ship
will carry 100 passengers, and the fare
will be only 50 per cent more than
present steamship rates.
Ships capa
ble of this service are now in com
mission, and a trial passenger flight
will be made to Egypt by a British
government airship to determine the
feasibility of opening such passenger
routes.
"The commercial airship already
bus proved Its success,” said Sir Tre
vor Dawson of Vickers, Limited,
when asked whether he thought the
plan practicable.
Vickers, Limited,
Is now building airships for the Brit
ish government, and Sir Trevor is an
expert on the lighter-than-air craft.
“Day of Passenger Liner Here.”
"The success of the R-34 showed
the possibilities of a transatlantic
service," he continued. "It is now only
a question of building more and larger
ships ami equipping suitable landing
fields, sheds and mooring stations on
both sides of the Atlantic.
The air-
ships are speedy, safe and reliable.
They can carry large cargoes, have a
wide cruising range, and cun ride out
almost any weather.
"The day of the passenger air liner
Is here, and if the task of organizing
air routes is undertaken by big finan
cial Interests it should be possible to
begin a regular passenger service over
Europe within six months with the
ships and bases already in existence.
The American service would require
somewhat larger ships and landing
stations In North America.
But It
could be In operation In less than
three years.
We need such a service,
and I believe that it will come."
The R-34 Is the type of craft sug
gested for the proposed service, but
the contemplated
ships,
although
built on the R-34 lines, would be much
larger and have a far greater cruising
radius. It Is said that a rigid airship
could be built that would be 1,100
feet long, carrying 136 tons of freight
or passengers, and having a maximum
range of 13,250 miles, cruising radius.
Maitland Supports Project.
Brig. Gen. E. M. Maitland, who
commanded the R-34 in the transat
lantic flight, is a believer lu the plan
for world air routes.
"Even the existing airship of today
can be regarded as a reasonably safe
public conveyance," he says.
“They
already have proved themselves capa
ble of flying through practically any
type of weather, and the larger air
ships of the future, fitteti with more
powerful machinery, necessarily will
be even safer. Fogs do not prove a
real menace to airships, as with the
present methods of navigation It is
not necessary to see the ground In
flying between bases. It Is true that at
present the moat violent forms of elec
tric storms are an undoubted danger
to all forms of aircraft, but at the
most this danger appears to be less
than the danger of rocky coasts and
shallows to the seagoing ship.
"Airships of this type of the R-38,
which is now being built at Bedford,
or the German L-?1, would he capable
of flying from England to Egypt, a
distance of 2,200 miles, without a stop
In two and one half days.
Three
ships would carry about 80 passen-
gers, with 100 pounds of baggage for
each passenger, and about two tons
of mall and merchandise. To put It
another way, 15 tons would be avail
able for passengers, mails or mer
chandise.
“Comfort In aerial travel is essen
tial If it is to have any extended fu
ture.
The advantage of speed is
thrown away if the passenger is
physically or nervously exhausted on
landing. But ample accommodations
can be provided for day and night
travel.”
Sleepers Are Provided.
A proposed car has been designed by
Beardmore, at Dalmuir, In which spe
cial attention has been given to the
importance of giving each passenger a
good view.
The windows are so ar
ranged that passengers can see both
outward and vertically downward
should they wish to do so. The passen
gers sit facing each other with a table
between them, rather like a large Pull
man car.
If they wish, they can ar
range the chairs and tables for bridge.
“Sleepers are provided in the shape
of bunks which fold down and allow
the passengers to sleep athwartship.
“The whole of the car will be heated
by steam generated from the engines,
and air will be admitted at the forward
end of the car, where it will be warmed
over radiators.
"One is struck by the absence of
noise or vibration in a large airship,
and the absence of smoke or dirt is a
great asset. The complete absence of
seasickness is also an important con
sideration."
Craft of the type described by Brig
adier General Maitland already have
been used in Germany on short pas
senger routes. The German Air Travel
company, formed in 1016 and financed
and managed by the Hamburg-Amerika
Steamship line, ran regular passenger
excursions and town to town services
from 1010 to 1014. During this period
these airships made 800 flights, carry
ing 18,000 passengers without a single
mishap involving personal injury. One
of the airships, the Vittoria Louise,
made 200 trips In 250 consecutive days.
The company was able to make a
profit, although the passenger rates
were reasonable. Since the armistice,
despite the unsettled conditions In
Germany, airships have been built for
a special mail and passenger service
between Berlin, Munich and Switzer
land. The first of these ships, the Bo
densee, ran regularly from June to
October last year, carrying 30 passen
gers a trip. It is said that the Zep-
pelin company is now negotiating with
American Interests for the organiza
tion of an air service from Spain to
the United States and South Amer
ica. and is designing giant ships with
a speed of 80 miles an hour for
this run. The ships will carry 100
passengers and their baggage, as well
as six or seven tons of mall.
Valuable War Reserve Faroe.
The knowledge of handling the light-
er-than-air craft greatly
increased
during the war. The ships were used
under all weather and atmospheric
conditions and did valuable service as
escort and convoy craft and also in
combat against submarines.
Small
rigida were used to locate and
pursue the submarines and were able
to detect a U-boat far below the sur
face.
The new ships. In addition to
their duties as passenger vessels, can
easily be converted to purposes of war
and will thus form a valuable air re
serve force.
One of the developments recently
made in airship landing stations Is the
mooring mast, which enables the air
ship to come to the ground and be
moored even during bad weather. The
mast la a tall structure, with a swivel
mooring device at the top, from which
the airship swings.
Plans are now being prepared for a
mooring tower especially arranged for
use with passenger-carrying airships.
The revolving head of the mast will be
provided with a powerful winch for
hauling In and a shock absorbing buffer
will enable the ship to be coupled up
without difficulty even in winds up to
80 miles an hour.
Within the mast
there will ho a passenger elevator by
which the passengers will ascend to an
u| per platform, where they will cross
a gangway and enter the ship.
Pipe linee to carry hydrogen, gaso
line and water to the ship also will be
run np the mast, and the vessel can
thus refuel at her moorings.
Austin. Tex.—According to Dr. Rob
ert T. Hill, former state geologist, who
has just finished a study of the topo
graphical features of Texas aud is
making a report on the subject for the
United States geological survey, until
recently all existing maps give an in
accurate idea as to the geography of
the state, particularly with reference
to the courses of the Rio Grande on
the South and the Red River on the
north. Mr. Hill suys that all current
maps of Texas locate the Rio Grande,
which has always been accepted as the
boundary between this country and
Mexico, inaccurately. The maps In
clude in Texas a strip of territory av
eraging 25 miles in width and 75 miles
in length (about 1,875 square miles),
which does not belong to it Until the
World war, when special surveys of
the border were made by the War de
partment, nothing was known of the
Rio Grande district. These maps, since
published by the department, revealed
the mistake in current maps.
A demonstration of the value of a new-process glass, designed to protect
bank cashiers and others from bandits, was staged in Boston recently. “Nick
Carter,” of dime novel fame, in private life Frederic Van Rensselaer Dey of
Nyack, N. Y., is shown in the photograph firing an automatic pistol at the
new bullet-proof glass, the only damage to the glass being slight dents.
Texas residents, are not included on ranges. But none of these features
any map. They form one of the prin has been placed on a map.
cipal range districts in the state. To
Baaed on Settlers’ Notes.
the west of these mountains is a long,
The county and state maps of Texas
narrow strip of desert country, low- are inferior to those of other states.
lying valley plains about 200 miles in Doctor Hill said; because of the differ
length, running along the Rio Grande, ent systems of land survey used in
northwest Into New Mexico. These Texas. In other states the land has
valleys are not defined on any map been accurately surveyed and divided
published.
into townships and sections. The sur
The Diablo country consists of un veying was done and field notes made
dulating plains, with peaks of various under United States supervision, as
sizes and kinds, extending into the maps of the country were always nec
Sacramento mountains of New Mexico. essary to acquire land. The Texas
The railroad follows a valley scoured systems were inherited from Mexico
out of the vast plain, extending north- and Spain. Scrips or warrants were
west into New Mexico and southwest issued to individuals, who went out,
into Mexico.
The traveler from El took some natural object for a corner,
Paso to the New Mexico line is always measured off a block of acres called
either upon or in sight of this plain for for in the shape and direction chosen,
about 250 miles. The surface is so and sent the notes to the land office.
smooth, except where it is broken Current maps were compiled from
rarely by peaks, that it seems as level these notes, made by many individuals,
as a floor. The plain is inclosed on and the topographic information sup
all sides by a wall of higher mountain plied was nearly always meager.
Up to 1860, when the geological sur-
vey began in Texas, there was only
one point in Texas with its exact loca
tion on the earth's surface known.
This was a monument to David Crock
ett near the old land office, on the cap
itol grounds at Austin. It was located
by the United States geodetic survey.
About 1880 some women were giving
Ing reindeer for meat These rein a bazaar for patriotic purposes in Aus
deer multiplied from an original im tin. They desired some souvenirs to
portation of 1,280 animals made 28 sell at the bazaar, and at their request
years ago for the benefit of the Es the old monument was broken into
kimos.
pieces and taken to the bazaar. Thus
“People have asked me what the perished the only point In Texas defi
future of the industry is likely to be,” nitely located on the earth’s surface.
said Dr. Nelson. "I have replied by
asking them the question: Tf 1,280
reindeer In 28 years produced the
One Little Pig Is
present 200,000 animals, what is like
ly to be the Increase from 200,000 ani
Cause of Furore
mals In the next 28 years? The in
crease is almost unbelievable. In oth
Cincinnati.—“This little pig
er words, the industry, properly han
went to market, and this little
dled, should have a great future.
pig stayed at home.” and this is
a story about a little pig that
“The Alaskan firm which has started
didn’t want to do either, and in
the industry exported 1,600 head to
its efforts to get out of staying
Seattle last year. The firm has es
home and going to market
tablished four small cold storage
caused a Cincinnati fire depart
plants at points on the Alaskan coast
ment to go clanging away on
where the reindeer pan readily be
a fruitless trip.
driven down for slaughter to be re
The pig was in a pen in the
frigerated and loaded for shipment.
Meyer packing house.
It got
“I believe Alaska contains available
out, and soon had a throng of
range to maintain from four to five
employees chasing it madly
million of reindeer. The estimate has
around.
The pig rebounded
been made that it would take care
here and there in the factory,
of 10,000,000, but I think that is too
finally coming full tilt against
high.
an automatic fire alarm. An en
“Five million reindeer would give
gine company, hook and ladder
an average output of about 1,250,000
and the district fire marshal re
reindeer a year. Dressed for market
sponded. Also a great number
an animal now averages 150 pounds.
of citizens, who for the time be
Taking this weight and the present
ing were disengaged.
value of reindeer meat, the fully de
The pig eventually was cor
veloped reindeer industry in Alaska
ralled, with the aid of the citi
should yield approximately $43,000,000
zens.
a year. Reindeer have been in Alaska
AID BREEDING
OF REINDEERS
-----------
»---------------------------------—
TRY TO DOUBLE HIS WEIGHT
Airship
Time of
England
transit.
Cos
passage
£50
8. Africa.. 6 ‘
Australia .10%
100
120
190
Steamship
Time,
Cost,
flrat class
£45- io
65- 70
70
115-128
Speed, safety, and a new and thrill
ing form of travel will be thus com
bined at a cost that, in view of the sav
ing of time, is relatively little greater
than the present steamship rate.
“The continental air routes will come
first,"
says Sir Trevor
Dawson,
“but the most important part of air
travel will be that between Europe and
North America.
They are the two
great continents, the continents that
have between them a steady flow of
passenger travel. Air travel must
come, cutting down the time distance
between countries, and thus strength
ening the ties of business, trade and
international understanding.
1 am
looking forward to the time when air
liners will bring London within two
days of America."—Otis Peabody Swift
In New York Tribune.
Thugs Return Here Medal.
Connellsville, Pa.—While a negro
woman held up Mrs. Annabelle Gemas,
along the West Penn street car line
near the Gemas home, two negroes
searched her. took her pocketbook, con
taining about $30, but returning a gold
service medal which the woman's hus-
band, the late George Gemas, bad been
awarded for service In the Spanish-
American war.
$
4
fe.
1
Joseph R. Peres of Santa Mana. P.
L, and Miss Salvador Q Espiritu of
Manila, both students of the Univer
sity of Chicago, were married in that
institution, the other day.
This is
Mid to be the first Filipino wedding
to lake place In this country.
28 years ( and their increase under
crude methods of handling has been
almost startling. Under proper scien
tific supervision and modern methods
the industry should develop very rap
idly.
“There are big herds of wild caribou
about the Mount McKinley region,
some bulls of which dress up to about
400 pounds. We plan to capture some
bulls of this stock and use them with
an experimental herd of reindeer cows
for the purpose of building up a high
er grade of reindeer, having greater
weight and increased hardiness. I be
lieve It will be practicable in less than
ten years to have the reindeer of Alas
ka running from 250 to 300 pounds
to the carcass, instead of 150 pounds
as at present
“The increased weight would in
crease the value of the fully developed
Alaska reindeer industry enough to
bring the potential output around -60,-
000,000 at present value. That Is more
than the fisheries of Alaska produce.
“Stefansson, the Arctic explorer,
was here recently. He is Interested
in the lease granted by the Canadian
government for a great area for rein
deer grazing in Baffin's bay region. He
Informed me that In the Scandinavian
countries of Europe about 200,000 rein-
deer are killed for meat each year.
“We are talking about helping to
build up Alaska, and here is one thing
that is right in sight today, a ane,
big industry, and I do not know of any
other like it in the immediate future.
The future looks so promising that
the expenditure which we contemplate
Is trifling compared with what the
I
outcome to likely to be."
- ------- ------------------------ ------------
Wants to Pay Old Bills.
Nortonville, Kan.—After being ab
sent from Nortonville for 20 years,
John J. Sheeran writes from Cali
fornia that he wishes to atone for
his wrongs by paying all his unpaid
bills in Nortonville. Sheeran says tn
his letter that he realizes now that
“nothing spotted or unclean can gain
heaven," and that he had made scan
dal and desires forgiveness of those
he has wronged. He indicates that If
he does not get the bills in a certain
length of time he will give the
amount or more to charity.
His Purse Returned.
New Albany, Ind.—Dr. John F.
Weathers of this city has recovered
a purse containing $21 in money and
his Southern Railway pass as surgeon
for the company, which be lost in a
store Thanksgiving evening. When
he went to his garage the next morn
ing he found the purse, with the con
tents intact, on a poet near the door,
where it evidently had been left by
some conscience-stricken person.
Bars "Yellow Streak.”
Washington.—A yellow streak to well
enough In a gold-mine, but has no
place in the make-up of humane er
noodles. In noodles It denotes use of
a dye in place of eggs, the Depart
ment of Agriculture holds in an an-
nouncement, and federal food Inspect
ors have been instructed to shut the
gates of interstate commerce to such
dubious characters.