CAUTION IN TOBACCO
MORE ATTENTION TO
STACKING OF STRAW GROWING IS ADVISED
Conserve Valuable Source of “Plunging” by Farmers Would Be
Unwise at Present Time.
Roughage and Bedding.
ENGINEERS WHO FOUGHT AT CAMBRAI COME HOME
GOOD
ROADS
=
PROSPERITY IN GOOD ROADS
Stacks Should Be Conetructed to Shed
Rain and Finished by Rounding
Off Top—Baling Direct From
Thrasher Saves Time.
Best Interests Appear to Lie * In De-
velopment of a Safe and Well-
Diversified System of Farm
ing at Present Time.
(Prepared by the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture.)
(Prepared by the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture.)
Care in stacking straw at thrashing
time preserves It for use as roughage
for live stock and for bedding and may
also prevent scourges of biting files,
known as stable files. Most of the
stable files which sometimes appear in
great numbers breed in fermenting
straw. The department urges that
more attention than usual be given to
caring for the straw this season.
As only a small part of the straw
produced In the grain belt can be baled
immediately or placed under cover to
prevent weathering, straw stacks
should be built so that they will shed
rain. One or two men should spread
the straw evenly over the stack, tramp
It, and keep the sides straight. The
blower should also be regulated to ob
tain even distribution of the straw
over the stack. The stack should be
finished by rounding off the top and
hauling away or spreading thinly any
loose straw that may be left around
“Plunging” In tobáceo growing to
the neglect of other crops is not Jus
tified by the present tobacco situation,
which the department of agriculture
describes as difficult.
In territory
where tobacco Is a new crop, recently
introduced to replace cotton under
boll-weevil conditions, as in portions
of South Carolina and Georgia, the
best interests of the farmers, the
statement says, appear to lie In the
development of a safe and well-di
versified system of farming rather
than to plunge from the uncertainty
",
65*
Well-Made Stacks— Will Shed Water.
wat .
the base, baling the straw direct
from the thrasher saves time and pre
vents possible injury from weathering,
but the expense of baling Is too great
to Justify Its common use. If the straw
Is baled after stacking, any part which
is spoiled should be spread us manure
or should be burned.
Stable files prefer to breed In oat
straw, but may breed In wheat, barley,
or rice straw. In nearly all serious
outbreaks It has been found that the
straw in which the files bred was not
stacked properly and that it was
soaked by heavy rains which fell soon
after thrashing. In many cases the
stacks were wet completely through
and thus spoiled for feeding.
Stable files also breed In horse ma
nure, especially in strawy manure, so
that hauling the manure and spreading
It on the fields helps to reduce their
number and prevent annoyance to
horses and cattle. As house tiles also
breed in manure, hauling the manure
from the stables and yards aids in
keeping down this pest.
•. ,21
HEADING BACK APPLE TREE
Time to Begin Work When Tree Has
Reached Height of 18 or 20 Feet,
Which la Limit.
When an apple tree has reached a
height of 18 or 20 feet it Is time to
begin heading hack. This height is
about the limit up to which good
spraying can he done, and picking
becomes more hazardous In trees al-
lowed to exceed it. "It Is better to
limit the height of the tree than to let
It grow higher for a few years and
then cut back. The cutting back should
be made on wood three or four years
old and Just above strong lateral
branches which can supply sufficient
leaf surface and bearing wood.
If old trees have been neglected
and allowed to grow with little or no
pruning for n number of years head-
ing back can best be done by degrees,
pruning back part of the top one year
and completing the rest of the work
the next.
4 5
%
. : I .. > w. ;
•
:
2 he -
A Field Showing ths Results of Con
tinuous Tobacco Cropping.
of cotton production Into the possi
bly still greater uncertainty of to
bacco production under existing con
ditions. While It is impossible, the
statement declares to arrive at the
quantity of tabacco Europe will be
prepared to purchase during the next
year or two. It seems likely that any
considerable Increase over the 1918
crop In the flue-cured section would
be followed by a decline In market
prices.
The largest crop of tobacco the
country has ever produced is being
marketed, and while prevailing mar
ket prices are very high for some of
the leading types, such abnormal
prices are said to be due primarily to
war conditions.
The department
points out that the country has grown
three large crops of tobacco In sue-
cession, with no decided shortage In
production of any of the leading
types.
As compared with pre-war figures,
exports of leaf tobacco were some
what above normal In 1916, much be
low normal In 1917, and still slightly
below the average in 1918, average ex
ports for these three years being ap-
proximately 380,000,000 pounds, as
against an average of 416,000,000
pounds for the three years ending with
1913,
The quantity of leaf tobacco annual
ly consumed in domestic manufacture
during the last three years shows an
increase of about 100,000,000 pounds
over the preceding period, due largely
to a decided progressive increase In
the manufacture of cigarettes. How
ever, present indications are that no
more tobacco was consumed in do
mestic manufacture In 1918 than In
the preceding year. Stocks of leaf
tobacco in the hands of dealers and
manufacturers ns of January 1 are re-
porteti as about 1,235,000,000 pounds
for ail. types, a considerable increase
over the figures of previous years.
With a 1918 crop estimated at 1,340,-
000,000 pounds, a domestic consump
tion of about 720,000,000 pounds, leav
ing a large surplus over pre-war ex
port requirements, and with stocks
of leaf tobacco In the hands of deal
ers and manufacturers above the nor
mal. It seems obvious, says the depart-
nient, that ordinarily there would be
a tendency toward lower prices.
ver e
Future Development of Country Must
Begin With Improved Highways
to Relieve Congestion.
There are today some 2,500,000 miles
of rural roads in the United States. Of
this amount perhaps 12 per cent could
be' classified as improved, while only
about one-fourth of one per cent can
be said to be suitable for the carriage
of heavy-duty motortrucks. And In the
face of this condition it can be said
without chance of contradiction that
the future development of the United
States rests upon the roads.
The past few years have witnessed
a tremendous turnover In transporta
tion from the railway to the highway,
says Roy D. Chapin, former chairman
of the highways transport committee
of the council of national defense.
The congestion which prevailed during
the war made necessnry the commer
cial utilization of the highway to an
extent thought Impossible a scant few
years ago.
The motortruck, little known be
fore the war, sprang Into prominence
as a commercially practical form of
transportation, and while the fighting
has ceased the need for the motor
truck remains with us, more insistent
.than ever before.
Within
certain
limitations the
freight car of the highway is more
efficient than the rail carrier, and be
cause of it It may be taken as a per
manent form of transportation and one
destined to have a large influence on
the movements of trade in the future.
The hour has struck when the fast
moving efficient motor vehicle of com
merce must replace the horse and the
costly terminal charges which prevail
upon the short-haul branches of the
rail lines.
Already the motortruck
has become a “feeder” to the railroad ;
shortly It Is destined to aid enormous
ly to the profitable long hauls, while
entirely or very nearly so eliminating
the unprofitable spurs.
Railroad men generally recognize
the new movement and welcome it.
Street railway men, not so keenly
alert to Its possibilities as a feeder to
their lines, have yet to take the full
est advantage of the opportunities
which It presents.
But back of the motortruck rests
the-road. While the highway as such
is of little Interest to those outside of
the engineering field, as a means for
transportation It becomes of vital im
portance to every citizen of the United
States, whether he be in profession or
trade, a minister, a merchant, a doc-
for. High and low, rich and poor, the
toad comes Into contact with all of us,
and upon Its relative efficiency de
pends to a greater extent than most of
r
% |
zil
»
,
. . Hoboken with some of the men of the Eleventh engineers, who gained glory at Cam.
peniTyeSopsn.Eenexn
prekstnakhbvens mätleiptee aeivebae the iuns. At the left is Lieut. Col. H- w. Hudson,,
charge of the detachment, and at the right, Capt. C. P. Hubbard._____________________ _____________________________
PUTS THE CRIMP
OUT OF BUSINESS
2-------------------------------------------------------
and worked his will with him. One
classic method of the old time crimp
was to tap the drunken sailor over
the head with a blackjack, tumble him
into a boat, row him alongside the
ship on which he was slated to make
a long voyage and have him hoisted
over the side.
Doom of the System.
The crimp knows where the worst
kind of men are, to a certainty. He
makes it his business to go aboard
ships as‘they come in—sometimes get
ting aboard in the guise of a dock
laborer—to solicit trade for his board
ing house, offering inducements that
would not appeal to the newer type
of American sailor, who In these times
lodges ashore under the protecting
roof of some friendly society.
One stroke of business brings an
other, with the crimp. He promises
Jack a job if he will stay on awhile
at the boarding house. When Jack's
money is gone, and the crimp’s finan
cial stake In the sailor must be made
good, Jack is sold to the captain or
operator in need of men who is will
ing to pay the board bill as well as
a fee. This practice received a hard
blow a few years ago. when the law
forbade assignments of wages by sail
ors, but it has been staggering along
since. It is expected to die when the
shipping board’s feeless shipping
agency gets Into full play.
The sea service bureau has met
with the hearty approval of the men
chant sailors, who flock to its offices
and lose no opportunity to inform
their mates arriving from voyages that
there is now a central government
agency for signing on men.
on 1 its last legs. With that gone, the
Land Shark Who Preyed
props of the old system for debauch
ing Jack and plucking him will have
Sailors Is Given His
been sent to Davy Jones’ locker. Few
Death Blow.
will mount the event, for a new style
of sailor Is coming into the merchant
marine—a sailor to whom old-time ex
cesses ashore would not appeal and
on whom the “land shark" would not
i get fat.
The crimp will not go out of busi
Shipping Board Establishes Govern
ness
willingly. He has too recent
ment Agency to Find Berths for
memory of days when to be a crimp
Seamen—Evils of Old System
was to conduct a business of profit.
Are Swept Away.
There are many crimps in business
today who recall with professional
New York—The crimp, one of the pride the days of strong arm.methods
ugliest figures In the predatory forces,
in the merchant marine.
collectively known ns “land sharks,”
•In those times the captain, whose
that once preyed unchecked on the
dignity and ethics did not prevent
merchant sailor ashore, must give up
him from accepting a crew that had
his grip on Jack when he is in Ameri-
been shipped by deception or force,
can ports.
turned to the crimp as to a specialist
Recent establishment by the United
to be engaged for difficult cases. The
States shipping board of a government
crimp responded with the alacrity of
shipping agency of national scope to
one who expects a good fee. It was
place seamen In positions afloat will
In such cases that he shone, and his
put the crimp out of business.
methods were those of an artist in
The shipping board agency, known
guile. The fact that he was an out-
as the sea service bureau, alms not
law and that severe penalties were
only to protect seaman and ship owner
provided for any one aiding or abet-
against extortion, but to stabilize the
supply of mariners at various ports • ting him, as well as for himself, did
by shipping men to ports where most not baffle him.
Liquor, drugged or otherwise, was
needed, prepaying their fares,and look
his chief ally. He befuddled Jack
ing after their subsistence in transit.
This service will be performed nt
cost, and a nominal fee of so much a
man will be charged the ship operator
calling for men.
The passing of the crimp is the most
recent In a number of changes in con
ditions affecting American sailors
when ashore that taken together con
%
stitute a complete departure from old
time standards of what was consid Youth Surrenders With a Record armistice, and into Coblenz. He had
been In the thickest of the fighting-
ered good enough for Jack.
of Hottest Fighting in
And he was satisfied.
Into the discard which now receives
the crimp went some years ago the
Frank Allee Again.
the War.
sailors’ dance hall, and its attendant
They mustered out Jack Anderson
sisterhood, who Welcomed Jack ashore,
on April 3; and he became again Frans
entertained him until his money was
W. Allee, deserter from the United
gone, and turned him over to the
States navy.
crimp, who in nine cases out of ten
He paid a "visit to his father and
was a boarding house keeper.
mother in Springfield, Mo., and then
Quits
His
Ship
and
Enlists
in
the
Six
Passing of Boarding House.
with his discharge papers, that told
Hundred and Second Engineers—
The sailor's boarding house itself, as
where he had been since he deserted
Fought at St. Mihiel, Chateau
it was known in earlier days, has suf
he went to Great Lakes and surret
Thierry and Argonne Woods.
fered eclipse by the welfare center,
dered to Provost Marshal Lieut. B •
where In a great clean building a
MacDuffie.
sailor may get a neat bed for 30 cents
Chicago.—There was action on the
Lieutenant MacDuffie explained that
a night, and meals at proportionate sea. Warships that had met and fought the nrmy and navy veteran is a prisor
cost, and where he can play games, were waiting, guns bared, for another er at large, waiting for the navy de
attend lectures and movie shows and combat ; submarines, armed merchant partment at Washington to decide W
mingle socially with sober and self- men, and swift cruisers swept waters case.
respecting companions.
strewn with mines. Each day brought
Next on the list to go will be the its tale of valor and its toll of dead.
HUNS PREPARE TO WIN TRADE
sailor’s grog shop, which now is on
And out In the Ozarks Frank W.
Allee, son of a Missouri legislator,
heard the call and volunteered. He New “Made in Germany" Label» Sent
FRENCH “WACHT AM RHINE” was only sixteen and could not get
to London by Soldiers on
Into the nrmy, but with his father’s
Rhine.
consent he enlisted in the navy Febru
London.—London business men and ;
ary 28. 1917.
He was assigned to the battleship British manufacturers whose plan"
South Carolina as a bugler—and are located outside of London "
America was at war. It meant action. alarmed lest the Germans sho""
again obtain a profitable foothold
He was sure of that.
the country. The latest Is the
Pines for Action.
But there was no action for him. lication of labels which have bs
The ship was in its war paint, but it sent to London by soldiers with "
lay off Philadelphia awaiting orders army of occupation at Coblenz.
“Superior scissors made of thebe
while thousands of lads in olive drab
double refined cast steel.
Made.,"
were crossing the sea.
Sixteen months he stood It. and he Germany,” reads one label, and"
dreamed now of trenches, of midnight est hollow-ground razors, set "a"
raiding parties, of airplanes, and heavy for use, warranted ; made in
tanks rumbling over No Man’s Land. many," is another. Still others or
the guarantee of the German ma",
Nothing like that in the navy.
So one day he bought a civilian suit facturlng firm, and all of them !
and in due course of time was listed as the place of origin.
According to nn ‘announcement."
a deserter.
About this time a well-built, tanned, the board of trade, the regulati".
wiry chap answering to the name of against the importation of Ger,
Jack Anderson enlisted In the Six goods in Great Britain are still, ,
-
and Second engineers in Bos- force, and there is no danger of
3 Hundred
ton.
German trade invasion.
Three weeks later he was In Brest
and then, as the Yanks went forward,
War la Resumed.
A French poilu machine gunner and he was In Chateau Thierry, in St.
Milwaukee.— Is ine war over? Ge
gun of the Twenty-third infantry Mihiel. In the Argonne woods, fighting O’Neill said not. Frank Mickel di
guarding a portion of the Bhine near every day, sleeping In shell holes, and agree. Bing I War resumed. Cas
the village of Crimlinghansen, just a In ditches.
ties: One fractured Jaw and one !
tew kilometers from Dusseldorf.
Across the front he went after the tered face.
UNCLE SAM TAKES A HAND
NAVY DESERTER
IS ARMY HERO
I
NO ACTION FOR HIM IN NAW
er
I 'v
er
Motortruck Used to Haul
Produce to Market
Farm
us dream the ultimate cost of all that
wc eat, wear, have.
“No one knows how much the coun
try pays for cartage.” said William 0.
Redfield, secretary of commerce, re
cently, “but anyone who looks Into
FIRST FEEDING FOR CHICKS
the question Is pretty sure to find out
that the figures are larger than he
Nothing Should Be Given for 48 Hours,
thought It could be.
Then Some Grit, Water and
Yet cartage is but one phase of road
Boiled Egg.
costs. Poor roads mean Isolation,
which In turn mean fewer possibil
Let the chicks go unfed for 48 hours,
ities for education, fewer opportuni
then give a little grit and some fresh
ties for wealth, lower real estate val
water. Let the first feed be finely
uations as well as increased costs of
crumbled boiled egg. bread crumbs or
supplies. Every sound, fundamental
some good and tested prepared chick
economic reason speaks out for the
feed. Don’t moisten with water, but
durable road. Just as it protests against
use a little sweet or buttermilk.
the poor, inadequately constructed
Feed scantily at first.
It is all
highway.
right, however, to feed often. For the
Despite these facts, which will be
next feedings a little fine grains, such
verified by all who have studied the
TIME
FOR
PLANTING
BEANS
as prepared oats, eracked wheat, etc^
question, despite the fact that the offi
scattered In the litter will give a little
needed exercise. If beef scrap la fed Walt Until Ground Is Fairly Warm cial government figures placed the
hauling over the highways at 2,000,-
and All Danger of Frost Is Past
wait to give this until the little fel
| 000,000 ton-miles In 1917, our roads are
—
Plant
In
Rows.
lows are a week or ten days old.
today all that they should not be.
(Prepared by the United States Depart- They are inefficient, inadequate, anti-
I quated.
ment of Agriculture.)
PUREBREDS ARE IN DEMAND
Beans should not be pianteti until the
Market is Expected to Be Materially ground la fairly warm and all danger IMPROVE TO SAVE HAULING
of frost is past. The bunch beans
Improved In Next Few Years,
may be planted In rows 30 inches apart
Breeders Believe.
Hardening Surface. Reducing Grade or
•nd four or five seeds In a hill, with
Shortening Distance Brings Farm
The general feeling among the lend the hills 12 inches apart In the row.
Nearer to Town.
ing breeders of beef cattle la that the The seed may be drilled In the row,
demand for purebred breeding ani but the crop is easier to hoe and cul
The test of a wagon road is the
mala will not only continue, but be tivate If planted In hills. One quart amount of work that can be done on
materially improved for the next few of seed of the buneh or snap beans will It without injury thereto, that Is the
years. This is based upon the ex plant 600 to 800 feet of row. Do not time and labor required In hauling over
tremely high prices being paid for mar cover the seed too deeply, especially It. Any improvement, whether in hard-
ket cattle, the desire—the necessity— If there Is plenty of moisture in the ening Its surface, easing Its grade, or
to Improve the herds of the country soll. One to two inches is about the shortening the distance, reduces the
generally and the acute scarcity of proper depth, dependent upon the
time and effort of getting to market
good cattle.
character and condition of the soul.
and brings the farm nearer to town.
P" |