ROME AND FARM MAGAZINE SECTION
6
other living expenses tike several hun
dred dollars from the salary. This is a
very desirable position and I attribute
my rise from $600 to $1,500 within 20
months to the college training. A col
lege course puts a man on horseback in
the race for success and makes his work
easier, more interesting and more profit
able. ’ ’
Sinee being graduated Mr. Currin has
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been taught much by practical experi
ence that be could not have gained in
any other way. Among other things of
great value he has perfected a system
of handling teams which is exceedingly
interesting and successful. When em
ploying a man by the day, he pays him
$2. If the man has a team he pays him
Drainage of White Lands
By Prof. W. L. Powers, Departm ent of Agronomy, Oregon
A gricultural College.
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to get interested.
Gradually they
changed their urain planting from spring
to fall, un'il now the supply of local
teams for spring work is more than
sufficient.
Today very few farmers in this neigh
borhood sow grain in the spring. This
allows them to work on other crops in
the spring, provides a more uniform dis
tribution of work, permits tho farmer
to work more days iu the year with a
consequent increase in the year’s salary,
and raises the standard of agriculture
in a whole community.
Before entering the Oregon Agricul
tural College, Mr. Currin lived on his
father’s farm in Clackamas County,
near Kernsville. Work was no new
thing to him, and this experience was
necessary, for he had to be 50 per cent
self-supporting during his -ollege year.
After graduating he married a domestic
science graduate cf O. A. C. Today he
has a home, an excellent position, a 12-
acre prune orchard of his own, and on-
joys a high standing in his community.
Ho also is a director in the Drain
cannery. Did his agricultural education
pay!
TH E STO R Y OF
A STU DEN T
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No. 4.
He graduated with honors and the
BEHNKE WALKER BUSINESS COL
LEGE promptly obtained a position
(or him in a first class firm.
W h at th e
BEHNKE WALKER
BUSINESS COLLEGE did fur him,
It can do for you.
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Ruth Currin.
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HE greatest problem connected with
the drainage of oar so-called white
lands and other lands of similar
textnre, aside from securing a com
mnnity outlet ditch, is that of making
a title “ draw,” or receive the water
from the surrounding soil and carry it
•ff.
The typical white land surface soil
is of a fine ashy colored silt clay with
a largo percentage of potential plant
food. Underneath at a depth of 10 to
tO Inches there is a change to an im
pervious, sticky blue clay, spotted with
iron rust. The blue clay stratum runs
from 6 to 18 inches thick, and below
that the soil shades off into yellow
■ilt clay sub-soils. The water table re
mains close to the surface over this
blue clay stratum until June, delay
ing cultivation and growth.
A careful soil and ground water sur
vey of any of these flat areas will
■how that only part of the soil in
the area is typieal white land. A sec
ond portion is near white land, or in
termediate between white land and
brown silt loam, while a third portion
is slightly nndnlating brown silt loam
that has fair natural drainage.
T
Location o f Under Drains.
When it has been determined that
an outlet for the farm drains is avail
able, the next step is to go over the
wet areas with a soil auger or post
bole auger, making a thorough study
of the subsoil and the soil water condi
tions. Beginning at the outlet frequent
bcrings should be made to a depth of
at least four feet. This will reveal the
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location and extent of any impervi
ous stratum and also the more free
working strata from.which water will
feed into the auger holes or into a tile
drain most readily. Any seepage wator
can be traced to its source by the
auger method and a tile line located
so as to intercept the seepage water.
Tn draining saucer like areas with re
tentive sub-soil it is best to put
laterals over or under or around these
sticky substrata, and, for the most
part, cut o ff outside water before it
gets on to sueh strata. This leaves only
the excess rainfall of the area to be
handled and greatly simplifies the
problem.
How Drains Should be Placed.
In order to drain the bulk of the
root rone for ordinary field crops
qniekly, the lateral tile drains should
not be placed far into a retentive sub
stratum, even though the main drains
may need to go into or below this
layer. For field crops on white land
23 to 36 inches is a good average depth
for laterals and 42 inches for main
drains. For good thorough drainage of
typical white land flats the laterals
will need to be as frequent as about
every two rods, for the intermediate
type" of soil about every four rods;
while for the brown silt loam a few
strings of tile placed up the draws will
give sufficiently thorough drainage for
ordinary field crops to pay a fair re
turn on the investment. The water is
taken into tiles more easily before it
gets out of this loam soil to the white
land.
Brains Applied To Farming
By R. M. Rutledge.
FTKR all, home life is the months later I was plaeed in charge of a
main point,” said Harvey W. 2,100 acre hay, grain and fruit farm
Currin, a 1909 graduate of the near Drain, Oregon, at a salary of 11,200
Oregon Agricultural College, who is a a year. At the end of six months my
firm believer in judiciously double salary was advanced to 11,500 a year.
cropping his orchard, as is shown in the In addition to the salary, we are fur
accompanying photograph of his baby, m sh ed a home with water, telephone and
eighteen months old. His hearty out office supplies, a horse and buggy and
door lsugh greeted the question, “ Did their upkeep, fruits and berries, garden,
your agricultural education and the four pastures and buildings for our cows,
years spent at O. A. C. p a y !” To which hogs, chickens and turkeys.
“ This is a point worthy of considera
be replied as follows:
“ Upon graduation I accepted a posi tion in cho. - ng an rc'upation. Other
tion as foreman of a Rogue River orch vocations pay as mneh as this for the
ard at a monthly w age of $">0. and was >ame skill, knowledge and work, but
raised to $78 wilhiu six mouths. Niue, ¡often the items of rent, water, fuel and
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$2.25 for his own labor and a cum for
his horses determined by their size. For
the average sire horse he pays $1 a day;
for a medium heavy horse he pays an
extra 12e, and for a heavy horse he
pays $1.25 a day. He has found that
three big horses at a cost of $3.75 will
do the work of four ordinary horses at
a cost of $4. This is a small item but
when multiplied by many teams quick
ly eonnts up. It not saves 25 cents, but
also saves on feed and housing expense,
for three larpe horses will not eat so
much or require so much stall room as
four ordinary horses. This is brains
applied to farming.
Throngh his influence on the com
munity this farm college bred man has
developed a ehango in the system of
farming in his community. His orch
ard required extra team work in the
spring, but when Mr. Currin first came
in 1910 every farmer in his vicinity had
his hands full putting in his spring
crops. Quick advertising among the
towns from Portland to Ashland brought
outside teams. Seeing so much money
go past them, tho local farmers began
A
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BUSINESS COLLEGE
Portland. Oregon.
I. M W ALKER. I’res.
Write ns. No trouble to answer.
We help you not only to get the edu
cation. but a good position.
THE LIFE CAREER
‘‘Schooling In youth should Invariably be
directed to prepare a person iu the best wav
for the best permanent occupation Cor w hich
he is c a p a b le /’—PresidentC. W. K1 k >L
This Is the Mission of the
Forty-sixth School Year Opens
i8th. 1014
SEPTEMBER
W rite for Illustrated loo-page Book
let, “ T hh LIFE CAREER,” and for Cata
log containing full Information.
D egree C o u rse s— AGRICULTURE 1
Agronomy, Animal Husbandry, Dairy Hus
bandry, Poultry Husbandry, Horticulture.
Agriculture for Teachers. FORESTRY,
LOGOING ENGINEERING. HOME ECO
NOMICS: Domestic Science, Domestic Art;
ENGINEERING:
Electrical, Irrigation,
Highway, Mechanical, Chemical, Mining.
Ceramics. COMMERCE. PHARMACY.
INDUSTRIAL ARTS.
t/ocatwnal Courses-Agriculture, Dairy
Every young roan and woman in the North ing, Home Makers’ Course, Industrial
west, who think« of business as a career, Arts, Forestry, Business Short Course.
should tend for our free booklet * ‘The Step
ScAooi o f M usic—Piano, String, Band,
ping Stone to Success.” Get the facta about Voice Culture.
Get the Facts
the
ENTRAL
O M M E R C IA L
OLLEGE
C
Fsrmari B iain ei, C o m e by Mail Fre*
Address TH B URGISTRAR,
flw-T-lfl to M )
Corvallis. Orcrou
University of Oregon
Thirty-Ninth Year
The amst modem methods of laitractlon
end the beet teachers obtainable, both in
ability and experience.
Efficiency— the watchword in modem bnsi
icae— ie the watchword ia this school. Rapid
profrcee combined with thoroo<hneee. Ia a
nutshell— onr courts« are as short as any
rood courses can be— and eomplotinr a coarse
guarantees setting a position. Write today
to a E. CARLTON. Principal.
CENTRAL BUILD INO
Portland
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Oregon
New Buildings— N ew Equipment
Additions to Faculty
Liberal Arts
and Sciences
Commerce
and Finance
Medicine
Journalism
Law
Architecture
Teaching
Graduate School
For Catalogue and Literature
I
Bend Postcard to Registrar,
Eugene, OTegon.
Gillespie School of Expression
VOCAL, PHYSICAL AND ESTHETIC CULTURE
LITERATURE. WITH ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETIVE RENDERING
RHETORIC, ORATORY AND DRAMATIC ART
A STUDENTS' CLUB FOR DRILL IN EXTEMPORANEOUS SPEAKING
DEBATE AND PARLIAMENTARY LAW
CONTINUOUS FORENOON CLASSES
INDIVIDUAL WORK AFTERNOON AND EVENTNG8
A PUBLIC CLASS EVERY MONDAY EVENING
Fall Term Opens October 13, 1914
Individuai Woth Begins Ssptembsr »,
WILSON GILLESPIE. P u d o r i ».
ru m
$34 Morrtson Street.
Pbonee Malo »034. A-4S7S.
Pertiand. Orefon.
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