TTOME AND FARM M AGAZINE SECTION
Livestock and Dairy
Knowing the M arket Demands and Raising Stock to Meet It.
HAT at least one-twentieth of all
the stock bred on the open range
of the west dies before it reaches
market age and that much of this loss
«an be stopped is shown by results re
ported from the national forests. This
waste is said to add millions of dollars
to the people's meat bill and gives one
more cause of the high cost of living.
Winter storms and Summer droughts
strew the ranges with the bones of cat
tle and sheep; predatory animals take a
heavy toll; poisonous plants sometimes
kill half the animals in a herd almost
over night. Cattlr contract anthrax,
blackleg and other diseases, get stuck in
bog holes, slip off icy hillsides; and sheep
pile up and die of suffocation, insects
which madden and kill swell the total
losses as do a multitude of other minor
causes of death and injury.
T
study of poisonous plants and of anti
dotes. In the case of larkspur, for ex
ample, the bureau has determined raetb
ods of treatment whieh are reasonably
successful, under normal conditions. The
only difficulty has been that the ani
mals suffering from poison are generally
out upon the open range and may not be
observed by their owner until it is too
late to apply an antidote. The forest
service has, therefore, arranged to meet
this situation in an experimental way
by equipping a limited number of
rangers with hypodermic syringes and
the necessary chemicals. Armed with
this equipment a forest officer can in
a few moments administer a treatment
which may save a $40 steer.
How Disease is Prevented.
I f any of tho animals to be grazed
npon a national forest seem to be suf
fering from disease, the stock is sub
jected to a rigid inspection by the fed
eral bureau of animal industry before it
is allowed to enter the forest. If an
animal grazing on the forest develops
suspicious symptoms the permittee is
requested to remove it. The carcasses
of animals dying from infectious or
communicable diseases must bo buried
or burned, preferably the latter. To pro
tect their stock against blackleg per
mittees are encouraged to use vaccine,
furnished free by the department of ag
riculture. Sheep suffering from scab or
from lip and leg disease arc barred from
the forests until they have been treated
in conformity with the requirements of
the bureau of animal industry. This co
operation between the two bureaus has
made it possible to keep the forest
ranges remarkably free from all forms
of stock disease.
Stock K illed by W ild Beasts.
The settlement and development of
the west does not appear to have greatly
reduced the number of auimals which
prey upon demestie live stock, and the
lose from that source alone runs into
the millions of dollars each year. With
in the forests, however, the number of
domestic animals killed has been appre
ciably reduced by the campaign against
wild animals waged by the officers of
the service. During the past eight years
forest officers have killed over thirty-
five thousand predatory animals, con
testing of coyotes, wolves, bear, moun
tain lion, wild cats, lynx, etc.
Poisonous Plants.
The losses due to poisonous plants
have been in tho aggregate the most
numerous and the most difficult to guard
against. Stockmen knew generally that
certain flats or valleys or hillside slopes
eonld not be used for grazing without
heavy losses of stock, but there was
much doubt as to what caused the loss.
Gradually it was determined that the
tosses were due to various species of
plants. Later, it was learned that in
most instances these plants, while ex
tremely poisonous during certain periods
o f the year, were comparatively iunox-
ious during the remainder of the graz
ing season. The forest officers deter
mined the various plant species which
cause death or injury of live stock, the
periods during which each species is
dangerous, and the areas of forest land
upon which the plants are sufficiently
abundant to cause losses of stock. The
next stop was to devise ways and means
of preventing the lessee. Where defi
nite information is obtainable the outer
limits of the poison areas are marked
by warning placards which give the
name of the poisonons plant, the kind of
etnek to which it is iajurions, and t.be
period during which it is most harmful.
With this warning, stockmen are en
abled to so handle their stock as to pre
vent the occupancy of the poison area
during its danger period. In cases where
the areas of poisonous plants are com
paratively small the permittees have
been encouraged to fence them, material
for fence construction being famished
free of charge by the forest service.
The result of this work has been to re
duce the number of animals lost through
poisonous plants as compared to the
numbers lost several years previously.
Losses From Poison UnpreventaWe.
Notwithstanding all precautions which
may be taken against stock poisoning,
t o w s from this source must be expected.
During the |-»et sevivni rears U * bureau
e f plant industry has been making a
is kept in the troughs before the hors»* i
all the time and they eat all they want.
In addition they get alfalfa hay in
racks. In appearance the horses were
all that could be desired, no such glosny |
skins ever having been seen on this
market. On this feed fat can be loaded
on horses until it sticks out in lumps.
One pair fed 101 days, weighed 2,100
pounds when yarded and 2,880 when
loaded out. When yarded they eost
$180, ate $62 worth of feed and sold for
$867.50.
W hito Scours.
This disease may show itself within
a day or two after the calf is born.
This disease is quite distinct from
diarrhea caused by mistakes in feeding
Usually the calf manifests but few evi
dences of life, and will be found lying
stretebed out in a semi-conscious con
dition, the bowel discharges of a whit,
ish color and very offensive, and the
calf dies within a few hours. The dis
ease is highly contagious. The thing to
do is to get busy and prevent its spread
Destroy by burning the calves that have
died. Thoroughly disinfect the stables
Until this has been done remove all the
cows yet to freshen into new quarters
Spray the bedding material with a car
bolie solution ( i oz. to the quart.) A’
onee tie the navel string of the newly
born calf with a cord caturated with
the carbolic solution. The stomp of the
cord should then be washed with the
following solution: iodine, 1 dram;
iodide of potassium, j drain; water, 1
qnart. Wherever this disease develops
a thorough disinfection of the stall
should immediately fellow.
Formalin
is a simple disinfecting agent; use 1
part of formalin to 30 parts of water
when it can be used as a wash or a
spray.
W ITH THE HOUSES.
The big, clumsy horse is the fellow
that suffers from the heat most as a
general rule.
If a colt has not style enough natural
ly to hold his head high, high mangers
will not make him do it.
A horse's usefulness is measured by
its strength and rapidity of movement
rather than by size and weight.
If you have a horse which the woman
and children can drive safely, think
twice before you sell it.
In breaking a colt, remember that it
is an easy matter to overload and ruin
him by causing him to balk.
Sprained tendons and joints are often
the effect of long grown hoofs con
tinually stamping on solid floors.
Study to feed a balanced ration. Do
not overlook the mineral value of each
feed, especially for young stock.
The well bred draft horse is always
in demand, and tho farmer that breeds
it constantly is the one that makes the
most profit in horses.
The patient mule is not much for
speed, but he keeps going and usually
arrives on time.
A mule never seems to be really
frightened at anything. When he runs
away he does it through pure love of
mischief.
Weed Seeds In Silage Killed.
That the seeds of the common field
so oils when siloed with corn, peas or
any other forage used ai silage will not
retain sufficient vitality to germinate
in the epring when returned to the land
mixed with manure is the belief of ex
periment station men. While '■ere are
not experiments on record with regard
to the combined chemical aetion of
silage and manure on the gern ¡nation
of seeds, it is quite likely that there is
little danger of seeding valuable fields
with noxious weeos in this manner.
Syrup Fed Horses Oo East.
A sample of the results gained from
the new system of corn and syrup-feed
n g now practiced in the west appeared
last week, some few loads from Ne
braska being stopped at Chicago and
eleven more going on to Eastern peints
Figures show that on a mixtare of
chaffed alfalfa, beet sugar house syrup
and com, big booed horses eaa be
coaxed to gam betweea 4 and 5 pounds
a day for 100 lays or more The mess
Experts A gree
The Referee Board of Con
sulting S cientific Experts of
the U. S. Dept. o f Agriculture
agree as to the wholesonieneas
of aluminum compounds such
as used in
Baking
Powder
REARM CHIROPRACTIC
A aoienve that inrwto the needU o f ever* owe who
to a c t M E N and V O h IS M are mc< eaaful prec'
tiU nnn n. E nter a profewoon that makes you indft
pendent, am i bring« yott m ony. W e have the best
cou.ae. Claea now f U w g . W R Ht FOtGAl *1 0 6 .
W r i t e us for
c o p y of U. H.
Bulletin No. 103
Dept. of Agri
culture.
One Price
25c a pound
P a c i f i c C h ir o p r a c t ic C o l l e g e
C O M M O N W E A L T H B U IL D IN G
a Q R T L A N D,
Q R g O C~< M
H ID E S
ALL GBOCEBS
FU R S. W OOL FE L T S, ETC.
H IB B A R D STEW A RT CO.,
Seattle. Wash.
Crescent Manufacturing Co.
Write for Price List and
Shipping Tags.
SEA TTLE. W A SH IB C TO H
(Pleas«» met.tion th is p ap er.)
BLACK
LOSSES SURELY PREVtnfEB YOU C A N EARN
by Cutter*» Blar.klsg F ills .
Ixiw -
iirtrud, fresh, rv tU b la : pn»fnrm.l by
W e a U tn stoekiueii liecaune they pro-
w
te e t
where
ether
vaeelnee
fa it.
■ « <
W rite for hoaklet and testiinonUla.
«
m
10-dose pkge. Blackleg P ille $1.00
50 doss pkge. BI ask tog 1111« 4 00
l i a r any Injector. but ('utter*» be at
T h e a npertoK tj of C utter product* is due to over I f
years of a p n la lla tn g In waecine» and terum » only.
Insist on Cutter*».
IT unobtainable, order direct.
T H E C U T T E R L A B O R A T O R Y . Berkeley O h « « r a la .
$50.00
Improved Standard
di re in
fmnng raeuig IB 9 koW b
'h M r d o a 2 4 « > J .< b à lk f»
A n o th er record when» 7 0 6 -r t
a t 9 c pergaL O n e man can oprra
( -ataiegue V2
running night». h i4irngjoh. b.ngr.
K E IE R S O N M A C H IN E R Y C O .,
Portland. Or»
High silos filled
w ith small engines
Few fanners, outside of Blizzard owners and their
i neighbors, realize what big results can be secured
t with regular larm engines, hitched to the
BLIZZARD
It is very easy running, be
cause simple in construction.
Heavy fly wheel carries both
cutting knives and elevating
fons, resulting in a tremen-
| . dous cutting capacity and
I throwing force, which tosses
Htf ■ the silage to the top of the
h (1 , highest silos without a hitch.
Even c u t silage
The shear cut of tho Blizzard
•Mt" results in even-cut silage,
is
is
it
C u tte r8*
which packs well, gives a silo
larger capacity, keeps better,
and makes better feed.
Thoroughly safe
During the entire 1.5 years on
the market there has not been
one bail accident with a Blis- *
sard. All working parts cov
ered by steel guards. AU
machines tested at factory
under speed of 2500 revolu
tions per minute.
__Eesy to r u n —durable
Anyone can set up
anil run a Blizzard.
Tighten six burrs
when it comes, and it
ready to use. Repair expenso
very light on a Blissard and
lasts for many yean.
' T a lk w ith ua an d w ith tho
B lizz a rd u s o r a —Come in for a Blissard catalog and a little talk
concerning this efficient cutter. Also ask for names of Blizzard
users nearby, so you can ask them about the cutting and elevating
capacity of the Blizzard and all about it.
U t v S il a ,«
n i y oiia^C
Pay»
A Valuable Book FREE to Those Interested In
Subject—In Requesting It Use the Coupon.
PORTLAND. SPOKANE A N D BOISE.
Rend mo your free book.
My silo is ------------------------
•Why Silage Pay*.’
fe e t high.
Nam e__________________
F A II
P. O.
F ree H om esteads
We make a specialty of Western Canada homesteads and are the only
reliable party on the Coast that is locating settlers on Canadian land.
We locate you on the very best mixed farming land in Western Canada
Wa can locate you on 320 acres on good sandy loam soil, mostly prairie,
located east from Edmonton. We can locate you on 160 acres of black
loam soil north and northwest of Elinonton. All the lands that we
locate yon on will be close to town and railroad. Home is mostly all
prairie and some is mostly all timber. Tbo lends north and north
west of Edmonton have good drinking water from 8 to 10 fewt from
surface. A great many of the claims have creeks through them and
there is plenty of water for irrigation. The lands east of Edmonton
are more adapted to wheat raising. We locate you for $50. Parties
are leaving our offie-s daily. You will never again get an opportunity
of getting a homestead in Western Canada as good as you can get now.
Wt also hare a few nice elaima in Southeastern Oregon of 320 scree
eseh that we can locate you on and that we can recommend and guar-
CANADIAN HOM ESTEAD CO.
73 SIX TH STREET. PORTLAND. OREGON.