9
HO M E AVD FA RM M AGAZINE SECTION
Oregon Agricultural College is the Friend of the Farmer
Page of News Notes and Interesting Articles Specially W ritten by College Experts For This Newspaper.
F
View o f Oregon Agricultural College
Corvallis, Oregon, the Solo Aim of Which Is to Aid Agriculturists.
H E clover seed crop is being th re a t to the people the scien tific in form ation
ened in m any p a rts of th e s ta te by th a t has been secured w ith th e ir funds.
a su rprisingly sharp a tta c k o f the By means of lectures, dem onstrations,
clover seed midge. Clover su fferin g from com m unity organizations, construction
th is a tta c k presen ts th e app earan ce of ot model farm equipm ent, county agri
arrested developm ent in the h alf blown cultural agents, dem onstration farm s,
stage, th e heads becoming brow n and college bulletins and ex ten siv e publicity
show ing b u t few, if any, flow ers com service, these collego-tnade goods are
pletely blossomed. W hen th e farm er tak en directly to th e people. The
observes th is u n n atu ral app earan ce he branches of college work, in stru ctio n ,
is urged to g ath er one or more affected experim ent and research have found
heads, pull a flow eret from it and ex p ractical application through the work
am ine the seed pod closely for the of th e E xtension division.
lure a of the midge th a t caused the tro u
Teaching Public Sanitation.
ble. Ue will p robably fin d a sm all sal
EL1EVINU that one o f the most im
mon pink m aggot ab o u t one tw e lfth of
p o rtan t functions o f th e modern
an inch long, occupying tho space
teach er in schools, both u rb an aud
w here the seed should have been. This
is the larv a o f th e eitdge. I f undis rural, b u t p articu larly ru ral, is to bet
turb ed it will feed on the seed embryo te r health conditions am ong th e pupils
until fully grow n, when it will drop to w ith whom the teach er associates, the
tho ground and p u p ate ju s t ben eath A g ricultural College in ten d s to crupha
tho surface or in trash on th e surface. size th e question of th e proper tr a in
In a few days th e little fly will emerge, ing of teachers in th e general lines of
so small and sw ift of w ing th a t its public san itatio n . In ru ral com m uni
prnaence can hardly be noticed. H ut it ties in p articu lar, it is th e school te a c h
will be on tim e to lay an egg in the er who, outside of tho co u n try p h y si
flow erets of th e n ext clover crop. The c ia n , should be b est able to o ffe r ad
little insect is about th e length of the vice concerning disease p rev en tio n and
larva, has long, fin e wings th a t stan d sa n ita ry conditions in tho com m unity
up alm ost v ertically , and a long, flexi in w hich she is located.
I t is prim arily im p o rtan t th a t the
ble ovi positor w ith which it can reach
into th e ovary o f m any flow erets while teae h er u n d erstan d tho facto rs which
sittin g in th e sam e place. The dam age tend beat to conserve th e h ealth o f th e
done by th e la rv a ia confined alm ost pupil. The place which th e teach er
wholly to the seed, and farm ers are should occupy, th erefo re, should not be
advised to cu t th e en tire crop fo r hay lim ited merely by his degree of learn in g
as soon as th e in ju ry b y clover m idge is derived from books. W ith th ia end in
noticed. This process will not only save view a t th e sum m er school session
th e crop fo r hay, b u t it will a t the th ere will be offered a series of lec
same tim e starv e the larv ae before it tures, given by the heads o f th e B a c te r
reaches th e pupa stage, thus p rev en tin g iological and Zoological D ep artm en ts to
reproduction Of the succeeding genera th e teach ers in atten d an ce. The su b
tion. As in most o th er crop pest prob jects are those o f most im portance in
lems, eradication can come only from dealing w ith the diseases of children.
e ffic ie n t co o p eratio n am ong all fa rm The lectu res will be elem en tary and
ers whose crops are attack ed . Any popular in ch aracter. T hey will be as
single farm er gains b u t scan t protec follows, an d will be illu strated by la n
tion from th e pest by destroying it in te rn slides:
1. “ T he T eacher as G uardian of Ru
his own fields while his neighbors a l
low it to develop and reproduce in ral P u b lic H e a lth .”
2. “ School Inspection and Disease
fields all around him. The a tta c k ron
t o n th e seed w orthless fo r seed, and o f Eye, E ar, Nose and T hroat. ’ ’
3. “ T u b ercu lo sis.”
it should be cu t fo r hay ju st as soon
4. “ W ater Supply and S a n ita ry Con
as possible a fte r the a tta c k has been
venienees in the School H o u se.”
obeori ed.
5. “ The T eacher and Sex H ygiene
fo r P u p ils.”
L and G ran t College».
6. “ Colds, I .»grippe and O ther In
W hen land g ra n t colleges w ere firs t
established th e principal, i f n o t th e sole fectious Diseases of C h ild ren .”
T. “ T he Im portance of S elf S tu d y .”
function of these schools was residence
8. “ L ig h t and S ig h t in th e School
in stru ctio n to young people, chiefly
young men. In th e developm ent of the Room. ’ ’
9. “ A ir, T em p eratu re and A tten tio n
schools home m aking courses tinder one
nam e or an o th er were provided for in th e Class Room .”
10. “ F u rn itu re and F hysieal D e
tra in in g young women and facilities
fo r practice work were provided. The fo rm ity .”
11. “ C lothing V ersus C o m fo rt.”
work o f experim ent statio n s soon be
I t is deemed im p o rtan t likew ise th a t
same a highly im p o rtan t fe atu re of
ag ricu ltu ral college train in g , and experi th e College give certain in struction
m enta w ith plans tried in o th er places along th ese general lines to th e boys
or devised by those in charge, were who may be in atten d an ce a t the sum
m ade im p o rtan t featu res of th e work. mer school encam pm ent. Such instrue
The next step contem plated a w ider and tions, th erefo re, will be given them in
more thorough know ledge of existing order to b e tte r fit them to live. I t is
conditions and tho securing o f inform s believed th a t in stru ctio n eencerning
tion upon which new experim ents could th ese m a tte rs cannot be sta rte d too
be scien tifically tased . This tendency early th e child.
resulted in the developm ent o f the re
Knowledge of Insects Necessary.
M arch phases o f ag ricu ltu ral college
A g re a t deal of tim e, money and
week, when it seemed to m any th a t the
acme of perfection had been reached in garden and orchard products could be
ag ricu ltu ral train in g . The situ atio n , saved if all producers would follow
how ever, soon revealed an anomalos more closely P rofessor H. F. W ilson's
eb araeter. I t was as though a eom e ft rep eated ndviee th a t know ledge of
m u n ity or society o f people had estab the insect should preemie the applies
lished a ta e to ry w here the in vestiga tion o f spray to destroy it. W ithout
tio n and m an u factu re of valuable com this know ledge the grow er is lik ely to
m odifies were to be carried on so re apply a spray th a t is not effectiv e or
m ete from th e stock holders th a t the he may destroy a harm less or even
v aluable products of th e in stitu tio n b eneficial insect. “ The mere fact th a t
were simply stored out of “ ght. It « a s insects are present in large num bers on
then th a t th e extension phase of agri the p lan t is not su fficien t w arran t for
en ltu ral in stru ctio n began to assume applying s p ra y ,” says I'rofesaor Wil
its rig h tfu l place in m achinery and son. ‘ •B egin the #o rk of control by
a g riiu ltu ra l education. The extension carefully stud y in g t h e m m et. If you
division was organised to b ring back 1 now w hat the m seet is and it a b
T
pest, securo th e standard sp ray and
ap p ly it according to d irectio n s.” P ro
fessor W ilson also gives some very
general evidences by which th e nature
and h ab its of the insect may be judged,
bu t p erhaps tho best souree o f id e n ti
ficatio n av ailab le to Oregon farm ers is
the B iennial Crop P est R eport in which
the most im p o rtan t insect pests are
described an d illu strated w ith photo
grap h s and draw ings, m any of which
are p rin ted in n atu ral colors. I have
used th is book in school ag ricu ltu re and
by m eans of it succeeded in id e n tify
ing an d controlling every im portant in
sect pest th a t a tta c k e d th e homo and
school gardens. Copies of th is report
may be had free of cost by w ritin g for
them to th e E xperim ent S tatio n , O. A.
C., C orvallis, Oregon.
Bee
Keepers
W ill Make Exhibit at
State Fair.
I C Z V REG O N bee keepers w ill have an
ex h ib it a t tho sta te fa ir next
f a l l ,” says P rofessor II. F. W il
son, entom ologist a t O. A. C. and su
p erin ten d en t o f th e bee and honey e x
h ib it. “ I t is tim e to begin p reparing
for th is ex h ib it and it is hoped th a t as
m any as possible will send m aterial to
th e fa ir. Tho f a ir commission is very
generous w ith prem ium s o ffered this
y ear as the follow ing schedule of prizes
in d icates:
Lot No.
1— Specim en o f eomb honey, not less
th a n 24 pounds, q u ality and m anner
of n u ttin g nr> to b e considered. F irst
$5.00; second, $3.00.
2— Most a ttra c tiv e display o f eomb
honey. F irst, $10.00; second, $5.00.
3— Specim en of e x tra c te d honey, not
less th an 24 pounds, q u a lity and
m an ner of p u ttin g up fo r m arket
to be considered. F irs t, $5.00; sec
ond, $3.00.
4— M ost a ttra c tiv e display of ex tracted
honey. F irst, $10.00; second, $5.00.
5— Specim en o f beesw ax, BOt leas than
10 pounds, so ft b rig h t yellow wax
to be fflven perfercnce. F irst, $10;
aeeond, $5.00.
8— M ost a ttra c tiv e display of beeswax.
F irst, $10.00; second, $5.00.
7— Honey vinegar, not less th an one
gallon, shown in glass. F irs t, $3.00;
second, $2.00.
8— Single comb nucleus th ree banded
Ita lia n bees. F irst, $5.00; second,
$3.00.
9— Single eomb nucleus Golden Ita lia n
bees. F irs t, $5.00; second, $3.00.
10— Singlo eomb nucleus C arniolan bees.
F irst. $5.00; second, $3.00.
11— Single comb nucleus C aucasian bees.
F irst, $5.00: second, $3.00.
Sweepstakes,
12— The larg est, best, m ost in terestin g ,
a ttra c tiv e and in stru c tiv e exhibition
in th is dep artm en t, all th in g s con
sidered, $15.00.
F u rth e r directions and rules fo r pre
p arin g and o fferin g tho ex h ib it will be
furnished exh ib ito rs b y press notices
and b y letters, and any inform ation de
sired mav be had b y w ritin g to Pro
feasor Wilson a t Corvallis, or to Frank
M eridith at Salem.
Lime Snrphur Spray.
The
lime su lfu r
spray
contains
n eith er free lim e nor free su lfu r when
applied to the plants, according to in
v estig atm n s m adr by P rofessor H. V.
T arta r, agricu ltu ral chem ist a t the
college. P rofessor T a rta r has m ade e x
ten siv e in v estig atio n s w ith a view to
determ ine the ex act chemical composi
tion of tho limo su lfu r spray, the
sources of its action, and the moat eco
nomical and e ffe c tiv e ratio of m ixture.
In th ere peats he id en tified th e pres
enee of sulfide, polyaulfide and thio
sulfide. T here is also present as a r e
sidue au nesoluble sulfide. T his la tte r
is net-lees and representa a w aste of
m aterial. Tho o th er in g red ien ts exer
cise insecticidal qualities by absorbing
oxygen necessary to the in s e c t’s respi
ration, by resolving into free su lfu r in
oxidation, by m elting the w ax-like coat
ing of certain sm all insects and th ereb y
gluing them to tho plant, by lib e ra tin g
a poisonous gas in absorbing carbon
oxide from the air, and possibly in some
other ways not y e t known. The eco
nom ical ratio of m ixing lim e-sulfur ia
one p a rt limo to slig h tly more th an two
p a rts of sulfur.
B eet Sugar.
Science has dem onstrated th a t beet
sugar is identical in com position w ith
cane sugar and th a t it is ju s t as v alu
able for all purposes when pure. T his
is co n trary to the general belief and a
know ledge of tho fa c t should enable
housew ives to purchase sugar for pre
serving fru it according to th e price, re
gardless of w hether it is cane sugar or
beet sugar. In m any p a rts of the sta te
it is sometimes im possible to secure th e
cane sugar, called by certain deniers
fru it sugar, a t th e same price th a t is
asked for th e b e e t sugar. A general
knowledge of the equal value of th e tw o
sugars should ten d to equalize supply
and price.
Forest Conservation.
The people of O regon nro m an ifest
ing approval of certain phases of the
g o v ern m en t’s fo rest conservation poliey
in th e most p ractical way possible— by
im itatin g it. W hile there w ere some ob
jectionable fe a tu re s connected w ith the
ad m inistration of the law the featu res
of saving th e range, the ad d itio n al
featu res of p ro tectin g forests from fo r
est fires, using only ripe tim b er for
m an u factu rin g purposes and reseeding
of deforested areas, are w idely ap
proved. The e x te n t of approval ia
shown in the unusual dem and fo r
train ed foresters. E very m em ber o f the
g rad u atin g class in fo restry a t O. A. C.
was appointed to positions in fo rest
work before fin ish in g his course.
E xtension W ork.
U nder the L ev er Bill fo r agricul
tu ral extension, O regon w ill receive
in th e y ear 1915-16 ab o u t $14,000.
D uring th e follow ing y ear th e sta te ia
eligibln to receive $18,000, and fo r the
next fiv e years $21,000 annually. A f
te r 1922 the sta te will be on the eli
gible list for $40,000 annually. Fol-
low ing th is d ate the N ational govern
m ent will ap p ro p riate an nually fo r all
the states $4,580,000. In order to se
cure th e ir share of th is enorm ous fund
the states m ust add by d irect appro
p riatio n $4,100,000 annually.
Thia
makes a grand to ta l of $8,680,000 a v a il
able fo r agricu ltu ral extension w ork.
These funds cannot be applied as pur
chase or lease prices of land or to any
teaching or lectu res in college. D uring
the present y e a r Oregon receives $10,-
000.
Look Out F o r H og Cholera.
Indisputable evidence th a t hog chol
era in epidem ic form it rap id ly a p
proaching Oregon ia seen in th e federal
g o v ern m en t’a ap p ortionm ent o f th a
anti hug cholera funds. A v ery little
of these funds has been ap p ro p riated
fo r Oregon, b u t extensive a p p ro p ria
tions have been m ade fo r some o f tha
neighboring stataa, notably Idaho. The
simple directions for avoiding co n ta
gion, found in an o th er eolumn of thia
issue of the Farm and Home M agazine,
should be fallow ed very cloeely by
everyone engaged in the sw ine indua-
trv . Im m unity from this scourge can
be secured alm ost w ithout expense by
follow ing the few sim ple d irections
given by Dr. Simms, w hile to fig h t it
a fte r it has been onee is trod need eueta
«aat sums of m osey.