HOME. AND FARM MAGAZINE SECTION
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Among the Orchards of the Northwest
A Page of Interesting Advice and Information About Fruit«, Large and Small.
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To determ ine th e proper tim e
to sp ray is made easier if yon
m ake proper observations. The
sp raying m ust be done at the
rig h t tim e to be effectiv e. This
article tells you how to m ake it
effectiv e aud certain .
By E. F . ST E P H E N S .
N SPR A Y IN G apples for the codling
m oth it is a convenience to know
d e fin itely th e tim e ad u lt moths
em erge from th e chrysalides. When
th is is know n, then th e spraying can
be done a t ex actly the rig h t tim e to be
m ost effectiv e. To encourage more c er­
ta in m ethods in fig h tin g th e codling
m oth, by fin d in g out th e ex act d ate the
ad u lts appear, P ro f. T. H. P ark s, of
Id ah o , is d istrib u tin g codling moth
cages, and in retu rn asks orehardists
to carefu lly w atch and m ake note of
th e d ate th e firs t and th e la st codling
m oth emerges.
Each o rch ard ist can
m ake a cage fo r him self.
The m aterial used is common win
dow screen wire, and a co nvenient size
fo r the enge is eig h t inches in diam eter
b y tw elve or fiftee n inches in length.
In these cages place th e larv ae of the
codling moth, also place leaves or a b it
o f cloth cover fo r shelter, and, when
th e moth has actu a lly emerged, it would
be well to add tw igs of apple bloom.
Secure A verage T em perature,
r ia c e the cages in such position in
th e orchards as to give an average
tem p eratu re. I t is well to throw weeds
over th e cage to p a rtia lly hide it, les
eening the pow er of th e sun. Since ten
c e n ts ’ w orth of m aterial will make a
cage, it is well to have tw o or three
of them placed under varied conditions.
The w riter places three d iffe re n t cages
in v ary in g conditions in th e orchard.
As th e larv ae o f th e codling moth
em erges from au apple in late fall, it
seeks a place to w in ter w ith safety ,
w in terin g as larv ae or worms. These
larv ae may w in ter under a b it of rough
bar'i. on th e tru n k o f a tre e or in any
sim ilar a ielter.
T hey are usually
ab u n d an t about packing houses. As the
larv ae seeks shelter, it w eaves over
itse lf a th in web. H ere it reposes u n ­
til springtim e.
The next step depends on th e char
a c te r of the season and on th e earli-
ness w ith which its place of conceal
nient may warm up. D epending on the
e h aracter of th e shelter, th e d ate of
p upation may v ary fifte e n to sixty
days, or more. The next step is fo r tho
la rv a e to change to th e pupae form ,
called p u p atin g In fool w eath er it re
m ains in th is form f r
tw en ty one
d ay s; in the heated summer a less time,
and then em erges us a codling moth.
S
Before
C alyx
Closes.
The odhng moth, male and female,
flies a t night and mates. W ithin about
fo u r days o f th e em ergence o f the
m oth, egg lay in g commences
Each
fem ale moth is reported to deposit from
one hundred and fifty to tw o hundred
egg" These eggs hatch in eight or ten
days B. F. lln rst. who has given very
carefu l study to th e h ab its of th e rod
lin g moth in Idaho, rep o rts th a t th e
la rv a e may feed one to tw o days on
th e foliage before en terin g th e apple.
Borne obtwivera report th a t, of th e first
brood or w hile the apple is y et very
•m all, SO oer cent e f th e larv ae may
• n te r the apple through th e calyx. A
• p e n a l e ffo rt should be m ade to de
pos t some form of poison, p referably
• rs e n a te of lead, in th e ealyx before
th e ealyx closes. Thia poison lodged
w i t h i n the calyx m ay poison n o t only
$82
th e larv ae of the firs t, b u t some of the
second brood, since the poison rem ains
in position to in tercep t th e larv ae when­
ev er it does enter.
E ggs on Leaves.
A skillful o rchardist does not spray
un til a fte r pollination has tak en place
and the m ajor portion o f th e |>etals
have fallen. In th e Y akim a d istric t in
a favorable season, th e rule is to begin
to spray when eig h t-ten th s of th e petals
have fallen. A fter th e p etals fall there
is usually fiv e to seven d a y s ’ tim e in
which to spray before the calyx closes
so tig h tly as to p re v e n t th e lodgment
of th e poisonous spray. This firs t
calyx sprav should he w ith high p res­
sure, aim ing to force th e liquid into the
portion of th e ealyx cup. Since the
eggs of the codling m oth have not yet
been deposited and may not be de­
posited for some weeks a fte r th is sp ray ­
ing, th e object of th is firs t spray is
to securely lodge th is poisonous liquid
in th e calyx of each apple oil th e tree.
C areful observers, like Mr. H urst,
note th a t most of th e eggs of th e cod­
ling moth are deposited on th e leaves,
and th a t th e vonng larv ae m ay feed a
little on th e leaf before seeking the
apple. This gives an opportu n ity to
in tercep t th e larv ae by the second
sprav, which th is tim e should bo a
fine m ist, coating the under and upper
sides of th e leaf.
M oth Cage Is Aid.
To determ ine th e best tim e fo r the
second spray is th e object of th e moth
cage, the careful observation of w hich
ascertain s when th e moth will be ready
to lay eggs and thus determ ine th e tim e
for the second sprav, which should coat
the leaves ju s t in advance o f th e lay in g
of th e eggs.
On th e o th er hand th e tim e o f the
firs t spray in g is determ ined b y and
m ust be before th e calyx closes. W hite
W in ter P earm ain blooms earlier th an
Jo n ath an or W inesap. Rome B eauty and
R aw les’ J a n e t la te r th an eith er, mak
ing a period of ten days or m ore be­
tw een the earliest and la te st closing of
th e ealyx.
Tf th e season is fav o rab le w ithout
loss by fro st, sprav when eight ten th s
o f th e bloom has fallen. If , on the
o th er hand, th e Reason has been u n ­
fav o rab le, and th e early bloom has
been destroyed, and th e crop is depend­
e n t on th e la te r bloom, then do not
sp ray un til th e latest bloom has shed its
petals. The o rchardist. th erefo re, will
carefu lly study his own bloom, and will
sprav w ith reference to th a t p articu lar
portion o f th e bloom w hich in his case
will set fru it.
Tliis v aries w ith
v arieties.
S tu d y of Trees.
To determ ine when to sp ray against
th e second brood, about th e firs t of
Ju n e place b u rlap ban d s about th e
tru n k s o f th e older trees, p referab ly
in some old orchard, or in some orchard
sadly in fested w ith worms. VndeT these
band trap s th e larvae of th e firs t brood
w ill hide to tran sfo rm into adults.
l*l«ce a goodly num ber o f these
worms in th e moth eage, stu d y th eir
developm ent, snd spray fo r th e second
brood when th e m oths are read y to lay
eggs. In th e Boise basin th a t would
quite lik ely be in th e neighborhood of
th e firs t o f Jn ly . Since th e broods over
lap, it m ight be necessary to spray
again in th e early days of A ugust.
C areful observers believe th a t in the
S nake R iver and the Boise V alleys we
have first and second broods only, but
th a t these broods overlap and m ay con­
tin u e th eir work even in Septem ber.
Bv stu d y in g trees th a t are old and
voung and pruned in d iffe re n t m eth ­
ods, it w ill be found th a t in your orch
ards th a t are allowed a large amount
E
we ° ek
arning
- KING DF THE WOODS
W it h o r W ith o u t B u ts S a w A tta ch m «
W iH .aw 2 0 to 4 0 cord, ol wood per day at a
$1 00.
P U L L S n S E L F sp the
I I IL L
over the roughest ground. Cods leu than other
One man write« he »awed 56 rxk» »o 10 hours.
Aacdwr « w e d 40 cords in 9 k'uw
T J*" •
b o h you ought to kaow.
nte foe F R E E cat
ak w containing I .11 dewcrip4*'Oi w<h tr -tin n a l s
C apacity
of wood more fr u it buds will set a t the
age of four, fiv e or six years than orch
ards pruned fo r large good grow th. I f
a four or five yeMr old tree la s com­
p arativ ely few fru it buds, it will bloom
w ithin a period of a very few days, but
f a tree, w hether old or youn0\ has an
excessive num ber of fru it buds, then
th a t tree will continue to come into
bloom for a period of tw elve to four
teen days. In case of an unfavorable
spring w ith fro st periods, tho tree h av­
ing the g reatest abundance of bloom
and blooming for the longest period of
tim e would be the tree most likely to
set crop o f fru it in a frosty spring, an
item of g reat im portance, particularly
in the handling of young orchards.
Points on Pigs
EED IN G and care arc as im portant
as the breeding in producing a
good hog. P lenty of feed and
good care may m ake a good hog o u t of
a ru n t, b u t lack of it will alw ays make
a ru n t out of a good pig.
To make pork cheaply a perm anent
p astu re and forage crops must be used.
Young pigs m ust have a dry bed and
p lenty of sunshine.
Begin feeding the pig as soon as he
will eat, and keep him grow ing u n til he
is m ature.
A lw ays keep plenty of clean, fresh
w ater w here the hogs may drink any
tim e.
Q uarantine all newly purchased a n i­
mals fo r th ree weeks.
N ever keep a fem ale fo r a brood sow,
no m a tte r how well bred she m ay be,
if she will not produce more than four
strong pigs a t a litter.
The more m ilk a sow will give the
fa s te r her pigs w ill grow.
Lice p revent a hog from doing well.
A lw ays keep a m ixture of charcoal,
wood ashes, lime, sulphur, salt and cop­
peras before the hogs.
F
F in a l P lan s F o r W ater System.
W h at is believed to be the last hitch
in th e building o f the Chehalis g ra v ity
w ater system was straightened out when
arrangem ents w ere completed fo r ru n ­
ning the Chehalis pipe across th e C en­
tra lia in ta k e site.
F o u r b u ffalo calves have jn st been
born in th e W ichita national fo rest,
bringing the herd up to 51.
22,000 R ainbow T rout P lan ted .
Tw enty tw o thousand rainbow tro u t,
ranging from a h a lf inch to an inch in
length were p lanted in the tro u t stream s
of Lewis county, W ash., by Game W ar­
den N orton W ynn and his deputies.
The tro u t were brought from th e sta te
fish hatchery in S e a ttle and upon a r ­
riv al were divided into three equal lots.
One bunch was freed in Lincoln Creek,
the second w as tu rn ed out on th e south
fork of th e N ew aukum , w hile th e
th ird w as tak en to Dunn Creek, be­
tw een D ryad and D oty, this creek b e ­
ing a trib u ta ry to tho south fo rk of
the Chehalis R iver. The stream s in
which th e tro u t were p lan ted will be
closed to fishing fo r a term o f tw o
years.
Plan For Fair in Chehalis County.
The Chehalis county fa ir w ill be held
a t Elma, Wash., Septem ber 23-27, a c ­
cording to an announcem ent by George
Simpson, president of th e f a ir associa­
tion. T his is e a rlie r th an usual, th e
fa ir having alw ays previously been
held in O ctober. The prem ium list w ill
be issued in July.
IH HEART OF riTY
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8 6 B r o a d w a y , P o r tla n d . O re.
I
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