HOME AND FARM MAGAZINE SECTION
7
A m ong the Orchards o f the Northwest
A Page of Interesting Advice and Information About Fruits, Large and Small.
blade of the leaf should be cut off as
soon as the twig is cut. The stem of
the leaf serves as a handle for the bud.
The buds are cut by placing the edge of
the knife about one half inch below the
More Than 75 Per Cent of Bearing Apple Trees in Northwest
attached left stem and with a circular
Have Too Dense Crops—Sunlight Is Needed.
motion cut up and into the wood so
that at the point just beneath the bud
All the shoots should be nipped back
about one-third of the diameter of the
three or four times during the summer.
twig will be cut away. The last cut
A few hints on pruning are
that removes the bud from the stock is > never amiss. Here are some ideas <i> This will cause them to grow sturdy
and strong enough to resist the wind.
made about one half inch above the $> that may prove interesting to the
Undesirable shoots can be prevented
bud or even with edge of the knife, <s> fruitgrowers of the Northwest.
<$ from growing by summer pruning, and
shown in Fig. 2. The stock is prepared >
<s> also much benefit will be derived from
to receive the bud by a longitudinal
frequent removal of mildewed and oth­
split about one and a half inches long
- EEP your trees which have been erwise diseased twigs.
with a cross-cut at the top, as shown __i set a year, well opened up by
in Fig. 3. The point of the bud is then
pruning to form spreading heads,
inserted under the corners of the bark, giving plenty of space for sunlight
Use of 8aw Saved.
as shown in Fig. 4, and pushed as far and the circulation of air through the
By following out such a system of
down the split will let it go. It is then branches. More than 75 per cent of summer and winter pruning, the young
wrapped, as shown in Fig. 5. The bind­ the bearing apple and pear trees in the trees may be developed to full bear­
Fig. 1.—The saw kerf in a stub to ing should be cut in a week or ten days. Coast section of the Pacific Northwest ing condition without the use of the
If the bud is still green and looks have too dense tops to produce well saw, thereby avoiding the woodrot trou­
be grafted.
plump at the end of that time the bud flavored fruit of standard size and aver­ ble and insuring profitable production
has grown attached to the wood and
<•>
♦ the branch above should be cut away age quality. An experienced apple for 50 to 75 years.
grower's plan is to have three main
The points to be remembered are the
S> Here is the second of two articles
before growth starts the following
<S> by O. M. Morris and C. B. >s> spring. Irrigating just before the bud­ branches start as low down as possible removal of undesirable branches before
they have become too large to cut with
<S> Sprague, horticulturalist and assis- <$> ding is to be done will cause the trees instead of a main trunk.
These should start from two forks the shears, and the pruning out of all
<$> tant horticulturalist, on the top- <i> to start rapid growth and the work
a foot or more apart, and may be al diseased twigs, especially those covered
<§> grafting of fruit trees.
can be done more successfully than at lowed to fork again at a foot and a with mildew, moss or lichens.
&
<®> any other time.
half to two feet from the main trunk.
Budding is especially successful on This makes six sub-branches upon which
AW kerf grafting is a method used the stone fruits and grafting is seldom the entire structure of the top may be
Pruning Methods.
very successfully by many or- successful; grafting is most successful built. Of course short twigs may be
Pruning demonstrations were recently
chardists. The stub is cut as for on the apple and pear and budding is allowed to grow out from these branches given at Sutherlin, Oregon, under the
cleft grafting and saw kerf is cut down least successful.
and even from the trunk. Indeed, it is auspices of the Fruit Growers’ Associa­
one side, as shown in Fig. 1. As many
Bridge Grafting.
advisable to encourage such growth to tions, by Professor W. 8. Brown, Ex­
scions as are desired may be set la one
Orchard trees are frequently girdled prevent sunburn and promote more rapid tension Horticulturist of the Agricul­
stub by this method, but it is seldom by mice and rabbits during the winter. development of the trunk, also these tural college. About 50 orchard men
advisable to set more than two. The Careless driving in the tillage work in twigs, if properly handled, will become and farmers attended these outdoor
edges of the kerf are cut smooth with the orchard frequently results in marked fruit-bearing wood in tie.
school lessons and engaged in the prac­
a sharp knife and the scions set and and injured trees. In all such cases
tice of pruning under the instructions of
Don’t Spare Tree.
In shaping a young tree two or four the expert in charge. These men are
years old, the grower need not hesitate among the sta te ’s most successful or-
to remove one third to half of the top, chardists, giving much care to the grow­
for this apparent loss will be quickly ing of fruit. In some instances over­
made up and along the correct lines. pruning and over-cultivation have been
Tho pruning referred to is to be done given their orchards, leading to a delay­
with the shears, no undesirable limbs ed bearing period. A demonstration in
being allowed to grow large enough to summer pruning has been arranged for
at th«ir request.
require sawing.
The shaping of young trees can be
greatly simplified by summer pruning.
In this way the growth can be con
tinually directed along the correct lines. RENT a Typewriter from the manufacturers,
Some ideas On Tree Pruning Given
K
S
T Y P E W R IT E R S
$5 for three months; Remington No. 0 or
This form or grafting is often carried ' No. 7; Smith Premier, No. 2 or No. 4; risible
Remington, Monarch, Smith Premier, 43 per
to an extreme and becomes more specta­ month delivered anywhere. Rebuilt machines
cular than practical. Young trees are sold on easy payments.
planted about the base of fruiting trees REMINOTON TYPEW RITES COMPANY.
that have had their roots killed or
8 0 roadway, Portland, Oregon.
severely injured. The tops of the young
trees are cut away and the tops of the
trunks are grafted into the trunk of
the larger tree. I f the work is care
fully done the wood will unite and the
top of the old tree serves as a top for
Fig. 3. Fig. 4. Fig. 5.
the young ones and the roots of the
Fig. 2.—The bud ready to cut from
Fig. 4.—The bud just entering the young tree serves as the roots for the
the scion wood.
split in the bark on the branch being old tree. Trees of ?pccial value may
Fig. 3.—The split and cross-cut in the budded.
be Baved for a few years by this pro­
mark of the branch to be budded.
Fig. 5.—The budding complete, and cess, but it is not practical for orchard
wrapped.
work.
the stub waxed over as in the cleft if the wound extends only through the
Waxes.
graft. Care must be exercised to see bark and not into the wood and is dis­
A good grafting wax is very im­
that the scions, which are cut as for a covered before tho wood is dried, a portant and should be prepared at some
cleft graft, are fitted firmly in place. good dressing of wax or wet clay may leisure time before the grafting is to
protect the tissue and a new bark be be done. The use of a wax is to ex­
Bark Grafting.
Bark grafting is a form of top g raft­ formed. If the wound extends into the clude air and moisture and to keep in­
ing that is often used with success wood or the wood is dried, or if the fections from entering the wounds. All
on old trees or on large limbs on young­ bark and outer layer of the sap wood stubs should be waxed over immediately
er trees. The branch is cut off the has been killed by winter injury or by after placing of the scions, and re-
same as for cleft grafting and the edge disease the tree can often be Baved by waxed whenever the wax melts or
is smoothed down with a sharp knife. bridge grafting. This work can be done cracks so as to expose the wound.
A very good wax is made from one
The stock is not split but, the scion best in the early spring just before
is pushed down between the bark and growth starts, but it can sometimes be pound of tallow, two pounds of beeswax
the wood. The scion is cut to a shoulder done with good results during the grow­ (which need not ba refined wax sold at
on either side with a very thin blade­ ing season. If the work is well done drug stores), and four pounds of resin.
like center to avoid breaking the bark the trees may not suffer a noticeable These materials should be melted to­
Carl Stanley, Manager
gether and while hot poured into a
of the stock. Several scions may be check in growth.
G.
Klrke Drury, Aset. Mgr.
The edge of the bark about the bucket or tub of cold water. After the
set in one stub but the number of
wound
should
be
trimmed
back
to
clean,
mass
has
hardened
sufficiently
to
han­
branches developed should usually be
FIRE and element proof
cut down to two after the old stub live tissues. Twigs of last year’s dle with the hands, lift out and pull
hotel with every modern
is healed over. I t is a good plan to growth should be used for the bridge like taffy, until it becomes tough and
convenience e n d equip­
than
the
width
of
the
girdle
and
sharp­
turns
a
light
color,
then
wrap
in
greased
wrap the stub with a strip of waxed
ment. Central location. Two
cloth as soon as the grafting is done. ened at each end in thin wedge shape. paper and lay away for use. Chunks of
beautiful dining roome. New
The butt end of the scion is inserted this preparation can be melted as need
Budding.
buffet. Sample rooms. Rates
under the bark below the girdle and ed and applied with a brush.
Young trees two or three years old the tip end is inserted under the bark
no higher than those in in­
A wax which may be applied with the
can frequently be top-worked by bud­ at the upper edge of the girdle. The hands in warm weather without melting
ferior estnbliehmenta. A u t o
ding in the largest limbs in midsum­ trunk is entirely surrounded by these is made from one pound of tallow, one
bussoe meet all trains. Esnd
mer. The buds can seldom be set suc­ scions set as described and as close pound of beeswax, and four pounds of
fo r
beautifully illustrated
booklet.
cessfully on wood more than two years together as they can be well placed. resin, prepared the same as for the form­
old. The buds are cut from well ma­ The lines of union are then waked over er wax. Another good wax that may
tured twigs not more than one-fourth and bound firmly with strips of doth. be applied with a brush while warm is
PORTLAND, OBBOOX.
inch in diameter and twigs measuring In two or three years growth, these made by melting together three pounds
three-sixteenths of an inch are better. twigs unite and make a solid and com­ of resin, one pound of beeswax and one
If the leaves are still on the twigs the plete bark.
pint of raw linseed oil.
Hotel Benson
A