The Heppner Gawtte-Timea. Hcppner, Oregon, Thursday, August 7. lMt-FiyE
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Paced with sharply Increas
ing prices for fertilizer, farm
, era can take steps to help
. Improve efficient use of fertil
' tzers, suggests Hugh Gardner,
Oregon State University Ex
tension soil science specialist.
Gardner said reports from
the USDA show that fertilizer
prices June 30 averaged 24-26
' percent higher than for the
same time a year ago.
; Farmers reacting to those
higher fertilizer, costs are
' expected to use 3 to 7 percent
Jess fertilizer during this
JertllleFyear.
"The farmers' response to
jhis problem should be te
conserve fertilizer and use it"
efficiently," said Gardner.
Gardner recommends four
methods that will help Im
prove efficient use of fertil
izers. They are soil testing ,
timely application of fertil
izers, Increased use of legume
crops and Increased use of
animal manure for fertilizer
needs.
"A soil test is a good way to
estimate the fertilizer needs of
soil and to reduce the possi
, bllity of applying unneeded
fertilizers," Gardner points
out.
Gardner refers to soil test
ing as a sort of "refined
fertilizer management. It's
straight monetary thing,"
says Gardner. "It's just good
business to know whether or
not fertilizer is needed in the
soU."
Timely applcation of fertil
izer Is another important
Oronservation measure. Fertil
izers should be applied when
the crops can get the maxi
mum benefit from them,
Gardner notes. When fertiliz
ers are applies prematurely,
Important plant nutrients may
escape from the fertilized soil '
- before crops can use them.
Nutrients such as nitrogen
escape by being leached or
washed out of the soil.
Excessive moisture due to
irrigation or rainfall can
cause this. Nitrogen can also
excape Into the atomsphere as
a gas.
"Methods of fertilizer appli
cation are also important,"
Gardner explains. Under
some soil and climatic con
ditions, surface applications
jf certain forms of nitrogen
.such as urea and ammonium
can result in substantial losses
of gaseous nitrogen into the
atmosphere. These losses are
related to such things as
rainfall, timing of irrigation
and the acidity of the surface
soil.
Other forms of fertilizer
such as anhydrous ammonia,
which U a gas, mjat be
Inject! uo the soil. The
Injection of anhydrous am
monia works best If the soil is
loose and friable and the
'injection is made at the proper
'depth. If these conditions are
not met, nitrogen In the
ferti!i?r may escape into the '
atmospjiere.
Substantial savings In the
use of nitrogen fertilizer can
be made through Increased
me and better management of
legume crops, according to
Gardner.
"A well managed legume
crop such as alfalfa or white
clover can producehighyjelda
of protein per acre without the
application of nitrogen fertil
izer," says Gardner. This is
possible because the root
systems of legumes Interact
with microorganisms In the
soil which convert atmospher
ic nitrogen Into a form that the
legume plants can use. This
fixation of nitrogen in the soil
benefits not only legumes but
also any crops grown In
rotation with legumes each
year.
In many cases, other sourc
es of plant nutrients, such as
livestock manure, can be
substituted for high cost,
commercially produced fer
tilizers. Livestock manure contains
many plant nutrients includ
ing nitrogen, phosphorus, po
tassium and sulfur. Nutrients
are better retained in stock
piled manure intended for
fie' d application if the manure
is kept under cover.
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