Thursday, February 17,
DEVELOPMETS IN EROSION
CONTROL TOLD AT MEETING
Continued Irom First Page
fact that it requires nature from 400
to 800 years to form an inch of soil,
Accelerated erosion is that type
speeded up by various activities of
man, namely cultivation of crop
land, destroyed vegetation by over
grazing with livestock, and wasteful
cutting-over of forest areas. "The
delicate ecologic balance has been
broken, is merely another wav Mr,
Sloan used to class this sort of thing.
The United States, he said, holds
the record for the speedy manner in
which we have exploited our farms;
he believed this was due to the ad
vent of machinery and large scale
American energy. The recent Dust
Bowl of the Midwest was danger
ously near to a repetition of many
of the foreign deserts, and was the
jolt which awakened this nation to
the seriousness of erosion. This jolt
has been the turning point for a vast
, change in our agriculture. As a re
sult, there is a nationwide trend to
establish a national land policy of
proper land use. Its objective is one
of permanent soil fertility and plan
ned use. America has been weak up
until the last three years by lacking
such a policy. The free land idea in
stilled by the old homestead act,
which tended to exploit resources
rather than maintain permanency,
apparently, has served its purpose
and is on the wane.
A second trend is that of the ex
periment stations. Up until recent
years they have concentrated their
efforts to greater production by de
veloping new, higher yielding and
disease-free varieties of plants along
with methods to increase output.
Loss of plant nutrients and soil, by
erosion, seemingly was in the back
ground and received little consider
ation. At present, the stations are
working hand in hand with other
agencies, and farmers also, in an
attempt to find the answers that
will solve the problem. A lack of
experimental data, Mr. Sloan ex
plained, along with the individual
problems peculiar to each area and
individual farms, makes it desirable
to go to the field with the farmer
to study erosion problems, and of
necessity will always be one of the
most valuable sources of informa
tion. Another decided trend is the
changing attitude of land ownership.
The old school of thought whereby
a land owner was monarch of all he
purveyed and consequently could do
as he pleased, is acquiring a new an
gle. People are realizing that land
use has a social responsibility. If
one man uses a system that wears
out the soil, he no doubt, nine times
out of ten, jeopardizes his neighbor's
farm. This in turn affects the com
munity and ultimately the nation.
Future generations will be serious
ly handicapped if worn-out land is
passed on to them.
As a matter of interest, Mr. Sloan
presented statistics taken in a re
cent survey conducted over the three
northwest states. There are eighteen
million acres of land in farms. Eight
and one-half million acres of this
is in crop land and three-fourths of
the crop land is in wheat. The aver
age income per capita for this re
gion is $1,000, and represents 195
more than for other comparative
areas.
Some idea of fertiity losses thru
out this area follows: One locality
over a thirty-nine year period show
ed a loss of 22.1 nitrogen and 35
organic matter in 40 years. A third
area lost 22 nitrogen and 50 or
ganic matter during 30 years. One
SCS detailed survey revealed that
70 of that project had lost one
fourth of its top soil, another 1
had lost three-fourths of its top soil,
and 19 was gullied. The Adams
branch station in Washington con
ducted intensive survey on a water
shed of 180 acres and found that 12,
00 cubic feet of siil was removed
during less than an hour's time
when .13 of an inch of rain fell.
One-quarter million acres have
shrunk from available crop land
during the last ten years with cen
tral Washington shrinking 110,000
alone. Most of this has been in the
form of abandonment. Part of it is
due to increased summerfallow to
increase moisture and fertility. One
and a guarter million acres of ir
rigable land may soon be added to
this region by irrigation projects. i
Lunch was served at 12 o'clock!
1938
Heppner
noon by the home economics unit of
the grange. Some 108 persons were
served cafeteria style. At one o'clock
p. m., the session was resumed and
the attendance swelled to a capac
ity house.
The afternoon program consisted
of picture slides supplemented with
a pro and con discussion offered by
the audience. Joe Belanger and Jay
Thaanum explained the significance
and thought carried by the slides.
Most of the pictures were local, hav
ing been taken by the county agent
The first few pictures dealt with
the noxious weeds of Morrow coun
ty. Their threatening menace fully
warrants putting these public ene
mies on the spot. Getting acquainted
with these weeds and ability to iden
tify them in the fields is the first
prerequisitet in waging a control
program. Wild morning glory, white
top, and Russian knapweed were
shown to be well established here,
White top is the lesser of the three
evils and Russian knapweed the
greatest throughout the counties of
the Columbia river basin, Belanger
said.
Following the weeds came pictures
of erosion caused by various factors.
Any number of the slides revealed
that gullying in cultivated fields is
often times the direct result of till
age implements being run up and
down the slope. Other pictures
showed what will happen when grass
lands are over-grazed. Cultivated
fields below are subject to excessive
water and consequent soil movement,
Natural drainage of the immediate
vicinity are widened and deepened
Less desirable types of vegetation
such as weeds are encouraged. Mr.
Thaanum explained pictures show
ing the damage of snow drifts con-.
centrated on north-east slopes of
cultivated fields. Severe gullying
and soils slipping often time resulted,
Interesting pictures of contour
furrows constructed at Pocatello,
Idaho, for flood control were shown.
Pocatello is situated in the bottom
of a valley. The slopes and foothills,
surrounding the city and reaching
up to the mountains, have been de
nuded by sheep bands trailing back
and forth. The area is subject to tor
rential rains and oftentimes bould
ers and mud several feet deep are
washing into the city streets. The
furrows were constructed by the
CCC boys to protect the city and are
justified from that standpoint rath
er than solely from the material
gain of increased vegetation on an
acre basis.
Another type of furrow was shown.
They were shallow and seeded to
crested wheat grass. A good stand
was obtained and it offered a possi
ble method of cheaply seeding aban
doned lands back to better grasses.
From contour furrows the picture
parade went to methods being used
to stop water erosion on slopes of
cultivated land. Strip cropping sys
tems came into the picture at this
point. Much interest was shown in
the ten -rod strip system installed
last fall on the Anderson farm in
the south end of the county. Hand in
hand with the strips went contour
tillage. Strips of basin listing alter
nated with the fall grain of Rex and
others of crested wheat. Next spring
the listed ground will be seeded to
White Federation, a newly developed
spring what. Here now is an excell
ent opportunity to watch the effect
iveness of strip cropping to control
erosion and to compare fall and
spring wheat. Here how is an excell-
a belief that spring wheat on basin
listed ground may have great pos
sibilities.
A question was asked how a seed
bed would be prepared on the basin
listed ground. Mr. Smouse answered
that he thought a rod weeder would
do it; and said that due to the ridges
it would be easier for a weeder to
penetrate than on bob-tailed plow
ing. At this point Mr. Sloan explained
the origin of the basin lister as many
people have not yet made its ac
quaintance. It came from the corn
belt and on slopes up to 10 or 12 per
cent is proving successful. A basin
lister is merely a modified corn
lister with a damming device at
tached to. the back end. Another
type of furrow damming implement
was described by Millard Rodman.
It consisted of removing alternate
discs in any ordinary disc and cut
ting notches in those remaining.
The notches must be staggered. A
certain Mr. Hudson at Hood River
developed this type for his orchards
and found it very satisfactory. He
Gazette Times, Heppner,
even plans to patent the notched
discs.
The audience expressed themselves
as believing water erosion was much
more serious throughout the county
than wind erosion. Also they de
clared trashy tillage methods were
definitely needed to control wash
ing and that the soil needed plant
residues and aftermath much more
than livestock. Trashy tillage meth
ods from a to z have been used. The
disc plow, bob-tailed plow, Killifer,
basin lister, chiseling, and various
specially designed tools, have been
tried out. Of all the implements used
the one complaint in general, and it
was practically the sole complaint,
was that of clearance. Many of the
tools apparently are not high enough
and tend to drag trash under certain
conditions. No particular difficulty
was experienced in weeding these
various types of trash fallow with
rods. Harrowing in the fall for tar
weeds has proved hard. Mr. Man
kin believes that if weeds are abund
ant on trashy tilled fields the quick
est way out is to reseed. Mr. Ber
gevin found that tar weed was less
abundant if he used sweeps on his
Killifer instead of points. Late weed
ing of summer fallow was recom
mended. The depth of tillage sug
gested was 6 inches for the Killifer
and 5 inches for chiseling in that
area.
Straw spreaders were used by a
majority of the growers and some
believed they are necessary for any
crop while others thought only for
crops over 14 to 15 bushels per acre.
Some men experienced difficulty in
wind, tar weed, and turkey red
wheat. Others had their spreaders
built in and had no difficulty. Most
men found that overshots reduce
yields if spreaders, are not used.
The various merits of deep , fur
row drills and disc drills were dis
cussed. For trash the disc drill re
ceived much consideration. One man
likes his deep furrow drills well
enough that he will continue to use
them for spring seedings anyway.
Belanger when asked said the best
drill would be one that could not go
up and down the slope.
Frow plowing to seeding the speed
of pulling equipment entes into the
problem. Slow speeds are found to
be best. Bigger loads at a lower speed
would be as cheap as lighter loads
and higher speeds, said many of the
men. Better erosion control and
higher yields will result from the
low rate.
Long-time grass rotations to build
up organic matter was touched on.
It is a well known fact that areas
abandoned to cheat grass and then
replowed and cropped again will
yield higher for a few years than
other land cropped and fallowed
continuously. Possible grasses to use
for rotations were mentioned. Cheat
grass is the quickest growing, but
being an annual it doesn't produce
the amount of fiber a perennial will.
Perennials such as crested wheat
and bulbous blue grass will produce
from three to five times more fiber
but are slow growing. Mr. Sloan told
of a quick growing perennial with
Want Ads
RET J ABLE , MAN WANTED to
call on farmers in Morrow County.
No experience or capital required.
Steady work. Make up to 12 a day.
Write MR. OVERLAND, 4613 S. Jay
St., Tacoma, Wash.
For sale or trade, Majestic range,
1927 Ford pick-up with Chev. trans
mission, 1927 Chev. coupe, everything
for Model T Fords. Max Schultz,
Heppner, Ore.
Sheep. 360 heavy wooled ewes to
lamb Mar. 10, bred to black-face
Hampshire bucks, $6.50 per head if
taken before Feb. 25. Will sell 50 or
more. A. K. McMurdo, Rhea creek
ranch, Heppner. 48-50.
Will care for children afternoon
or evening, reasonable. Bonnie
Cochran.
Why not buy an income with a
home, furnished or not? Reasonable,
easy terms. Bonnie Cochran, city.
Chas. Smith residence for sale.
Duvall & Eubanks, Hotel Heppner
Bldg.
Rhea creek ranch for sale or trade.
Gerald Slocum, city. 34tf
Notson residence for sale. Inquire
at residence. 30tf
Oregon
abundance of fiber. It is a wild bar
ley (Hordeum nodosum) variety,
which the SCS nursery is develop
ing and trying to improve. This
grass shows possibilities of being
valuable for rotations. Other ques
tions of reduced yields following
grass, burning, length of rotation,
economic possibility, were mentioned
but not definitely settled. As the
meeting drew to a close Belanger
told of a 6-year stand of crested
wheat R. A. Thompson had plowed
down this year and seeded. Some of
the answers may be found from the
results of this experiment.
INJURED IN RUNAWAY
Alvin Pettyjohn was treated at a
local doctor's office this morning for
injuries received when a team ran
away with him at the Krebs broth
ers ranch at Cecil earlier this morn
ing. A bad gash below the left eye,
and cuts across the left temple and
behind the ear required surgical
treatment. He was brought to town
by John Krebs.
CARD OF THANKS
Our heartfelt thanks are extended
to all the kind neighbors and friends
for their help and sympathy at the
time of our bereavement.
James M. McCabe, '
The Patterson Family.
NOTICE OF FINAL ACCOUNT
Notice is hereby given that Fred
M. Akers, administrator of the es
tate of J. H. Jones, deceased, has
filed his final account of the ad
ministration of said esttae with the
clerk of the County Court of the
State of Oregon for Morrow County,
and the said court has set as the time
and place for hearing and settle
ment of said final account, April 4,
1938, at the hour of 10:00 A. M. of
said day, in the County Court room
of the Court House of Morrow Coun
ty, State of Oregon.
Anyone having objections to said
final account must file same on or
before that date.
Dated and first published February
17, 1938.
FRED M. AKERS,
Administrator.
NOTICE OF FINAL ACCOUNT
Notice is hereby given that the
undersigned, Jessie Gross Mitchell,
Administratrix of the Estate of Rob
ert C. Mitchell, deceased, has filed
with the County Court of the State
of Oregon for Morrow County, her
final account of her administration
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Page Seven
of said estate, and that the said Court
has set Monday, the 4th' day of Ap
ril, 1938, at the hour of 10:00 o'clock
A. M. of said day at the County
Court room at the Court House at
Heppner, Oregon, as the time and
place for hearing objections to said
final account and the settlement of
said estate, and all persons having
objections to said final account or
the settlement of said estate are
hereby required to file the same
with sajd Court on or before the time
set for said hearing.
Dated and first published this 17th
day of February, A. D. 1938.
JESSIE GROSS MITCHELL,
Administratrix.
NOTICE OF FIN All ACCOUNT.
Notice is hereby given that the under
signed, administrator of the estate of
Sarah Piggott, deceased, has filed his
final account with the County Court
of the State of Oregon for Morrow
County of his administration of the
estate of said deceased, and said court
has set Monday, the 14th day of March,
1938, at the hour of 10:00 o'clock in the
forenoon of said day in the County
Court Room at the Court House at
Heppner, Oregon, as the time and place
for hearing objections to said final ac
count and all persons having objections
to said final account or the settlement
of said estate are hereby required to
file the same with said court on or
before the time set for said hearing.
Dated and first published this 10th
day of February, 1938.
' HENRY V. SMOUSE,
Administrator.
ESTATE OF GEORGE WILLIAM
METCALF.
NOTICE OF EXECUTOB'S SALE
No. 42301
In the Circuit Court of the State of
Oregon for the County of Multnomah.
Probate Department.
In the Matter of the Estate of George
William Metcalf, Deceased.
Notice is hereby given that the un
designed, executor of the Last Will and
Testament of George William Metcalf,
deceased, by virtue of an order of sale
issued out of the Circuit Court of the
State of Oregon for the County of Mult
nomah, duly made and entered on the
7th day of February, 1938, in the above
entitled estate, licensing and authoriz
ing the said executor to sell the here
inafter described real property belong
ing to the estate of said deceased, 'will
offer for sale and sell at private sale
for cash at 374 United States National
Bank Building, Portland, Oregon, all
of the following described real property
situate in the County of Morrow, State
of Oregon, to-wit:
The southeast quarter (SE) of
Section Six (6) ; the northeast quar
ter (NE'4), the east half of the
southwest quarter (ESW), and
Lots Three (3) and Four (4) of Sec
tion Seven (7) ; the northwest quar
ter (NWy4) of Section Eight (8);
the east half of the northwest quar
ter (ENW) and Lots One (1)
and Two (2) of Section Eighteen
(18), Township Two (2) South of
Range Twenty-five (25) East of the
Willamette Meridian.
Bids will be received by the under
signed on and after the 19th day of
March, 1938. The said sale will be made
subject to confirmation of the above
entitled court.
Date of first publication, February
17, 1938.
Date of last publication, March 17,
1938.
J. R. LEACH, Executor.
Harry E. Hall, Attorney for Executor
374 U. S. Bank Building
Portland, Oregon.
NOTICE OF FINAL ACCOUNT
Notice is hereby given that the
undersigned executor and executrix
of the estate of S. P. Devin, de
ceased, have filed with the County
Court of the State of Oregon for
Morrow County, their final account
of their administration of said es
tate, and said court has fixed Mon
day, the 21st day of February, 1938,
at the hour of 10:00 o'clock in the
forenoon of said day in the County
Court room at the Court House at
Heppner, Oregon, as the time and
place for hearing objections to said
final account and the settlement of
said estate and all persons having
objections thereto are hereby re
quired to file the same on or before
said hearing.
Dated and first published this 27tk
day of January, 1938.
HARLAN J. DEVIN, Executor,
ALMA DEVIN CLOUSTON,
Executrix.
NOTICE OF FINAL ACCOUNT
Notice is hereby given that the
undersigned, Administratrix of the
estate of Uzz French, deceased, has
filed with the County Court of the
State of Oregon for Morrow County,
her final account of her administra
tion of said estate, and that said court
has set Monday, the 21st day of Feb
ruary, 1938, at the hour of 10 o'clock
A. M. in the forenoon of said day at
the County Court room at the Court
House at Heppner, Oregon, as the
time and place for hearing objec
tions to said final account and the
settlement of said estate, and all
persons having objections to said
final account or the settlement of
said estate are hereby required to
file the same with said court on or
before the time set for said hearing.
Dated and first published this
20th day of January, 1938.
LULU FRENCH,
Administratrix.