HEPPNER, GAZETTE TIMES, HEPPNER, OREGON, THURSDAY, MARCH 25, 1937.
PAGE ELEVEN
Elmo Nolan Sends Article on
Ch inese Burials; Returning Home
Elmo Nolan, son of M. V. Nolan
and grandson of W. E. Nolan of this
city, who has ben stationed at Tien
tsin, China, with the U. S. marines,
wrote home folks this week that he
expected to land in San Francisco
the 29th or 30th of this month after
serving his required foreign stretch.
Elmo attended Lexington high school
before going into the service and has
many friends in this county.
As indicative of some of the inter
esting customs with which he came
in contact while in Tientsin is a clip
ping from "The Sentinel," service
men's publication, sent his grand
father by Elmo. Titled, "The End
of the Road," the clipped article tells
of Chinese burial customs. Under
the heading is quoted a Chinese pro
verb, "Man's life is like a candle in
the wind, or hoar frost on the tiles."
The article follows:
On the railroad that comes from
the sea to Tientsin the traveler is
whisked through an almost continu-.
ous series of Chinese graveyards.
This is most apparent in the winter,
for th green foliage that everywhere
abounds in summer is missing, and
the queer, mound shaped graves
starkly clutter the landscape as far
as the eye can see. They only dif
fer one from the other in size, their
general conformation and construc
tion is the same. Made of dirt and
plastered with mud they raise their
odd shapes high above the flat coun
tryside, signifying that in China they
may not bury the departed deep but
they certainly bury them well.
Such a cluttering of memorials for
the departed could only be preserv
ed in a country with a very ancient
past and where generation after gen
eration of ancestors are remembered
even to the point of worship.
One time each year, in the spring
time, the Chinese repair and im
prove their ancestral tombs. Even
the poorest may be seen laboring at
this task; replacing dirt carried away
by the past year's rain, removing
weeds and grass and placing a fresh
coat of mud plaster on the cup
shaped mounds.
Now in China there does not seem
to be any perpetual care taken of
cemeteries similar to those in west
ern countries. The upkeep of the
resting places of the departed is a
family function. When the family
ceases to exist the burial plot is left
untended, the earth mounds are
washed away and the wooden coffins
are left exposed to the sky.
On the outskirts of Tientsin where
the farmers' fields begin there is a
road called "Coffin Road" where
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burial boxes clutter the ground in a
maze of untended graves. The
mounds are long since gone and the
gaping coffins bear mute testimony
to the lack of care that has been
their lot.
In old China the rituals attending
death were rigid in their require
ments. To a certain extent these
practices are in vogue today with
perhaps a few innovations brought
about by the march of time. In the
Treaty Ports and other large centers
where the influence of western civ
ilization has been mdst evident,
changes have taken place, but in the
hinterland, where the millions dwell,
time has been kind to the heritage
of centuries.
In most instances when a person
other than the very poorest dies, he
is clothed in a dress without metal
buttons or hooks, but fastened with
ribbons. The cap and socks are also
changed for new ones. The mouth,
nostrils and ears are filled with imi
tations of white precious stones from
a belief that the spirits of these
stones will keep the body from rot
ting. Certain personal effects which
the person prized in life are placed
beside him. Food offerings are
placed before the body, while can
dles are kept constantly burning.
Now the members of the family
put on mourning garments and make
lamentations before the body. They
see a fortune teller and decide upon
the time for placing the body in a
coffin and for the interment This
takes place anywhere from the fifth
to the forty-ninth day from the
death.
While the body remains with the
family, Taoist, Lamaist or Buddhist
priests are called in turn to read Su
tras. No chance is taken that the
deceased may have during his nat
ural life chosen the wrong road to
the hereafter!
When the day decided upon for
the interment arrives, a considerable
portion of the worldly wealth of the
bereaved family is expended in see
ing that the dead one is properly
started on his road to the under-!
world. He may have wanted in life,
but now his spirit, often at great sac
rifice, is given a royal send-off.
The orthodox funeral procession is
an extremely interesting sight, very
picturesuqe and singularly oriental.
Just the other day we had the good
fortune to witness one wending its
way, slowly and haltingly, toward
the family burial plot on the out-)
skirts if Tientsin. Not quickly and
with precision, for the lengthy col
umn was unwieldly and Chinese
traffic rules do not seem to prevent
all manner of traffic on cross streets
from cutting through whenever an
opportunity presents itself. Even at
best, when there are no interferences
these processions are extremely leis
urely as if in keeping with the
mournful wails arising from the
mourners, the majority of whom
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have been employed for the occa
sion. First there were the musicians
dressed in a wierd riot of ill-fitting
unforms, who played music which to
our western ears had little semblance
to a funeral dirge. Next came life
size effigies of objects that the de
ceased might have need of on his
long journey to the hereafter. What
a queer assortment of equipment to
speed the journey! There was a bi
cycle carried by a coolie; then an
effigy of an automobile, extremely
realistic, with two dummies seated
in the front seat; then an imitation
of a ricksha, with a single passen
ger, and lastly an effigy of a horse.
We felt that surely this person did
not hope to stay long in one place
but hoped to speed his journey thru
Hades and arrive at the portals of
paradise in as short a time as pos
sible. The procession continued to pass.
There were many coolies carrying
umbrella shaped memorials setting
forth the name of the deceased and
then came along streamers of white
cloth bearing in Chinese characters
the story of his good deeds in life.
There were artificial flowers galore,
other banners and a multitude of
lanterns. Then came the bier, sup
ported on long poles and resting on
the shoulders of thirty-two straining
coolies. At the end of the procession
there were modern automobiles
bearing the mourning relatives. This
was the only touch that gave an ink
ling that we were gazing at a thing
of today rather than at some picture
of the past.
When the funeral cortege reaches
the burial plot the coffin is placed
in a grave a foot or so in depth, the
bottom of ' which has been covered
with white cash (white paper in the
shape of small money), supposed to
be of use to the departed, along with
his other treasured objects, in the
hereafter.
After the coffin is lowered, into
the grave, the head of the family
and other relatives throw on hand
fuls of earth, repeating the process
three times. Then the grave is filled
up.
Now the objects, such as those
enumerated as being at the head of
the procession, are heaped in a pile
before the grave and a lighted match
is applied, reducing the whole to
ashes. This ceremony marks their
transmigration to the spirit world.
Then there is an offering of wine
and the spirit is gone.
On the third day after the funeral
the relatives of the deceased visit
the grave, where offerings are made
and paper cash is burnt. Some ex
plain this ceremony as being an ef
fective method of driving away de
mons and by others as providing ad-
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ditional means of travel in the un
derworld. The funeral festival is held on the
thirty-fifth and again on the sixtieth
days following the interment.
Among wealthy people the 1st and
3rd anniversaries of the death are
commemorated by the calling of
priests for the Sutra reading and the
gathering of all of the relatives.
The first period of mourning for
parents is for one hundred days,
but the complete period lasts for 27
months among the Manchus and for
three years among the Chinese.
During this first period, both men
and women are dressed in clothing
made of white material and wear
caps and shoes also of white. Man
chu women wear their heads covered
with cotton cloth and Chinese wo
men witn an additional layer of
hemp cloth. During the rest of the
27 months the Manchu people wear
garments made of plain cotton cloth.
The Chinese, on the other hand,
wear white shoes throughout the first
year, dress in ash colored garments
in the second and wear plain cotton
cloth in the third year.
' Widows wear plain clothes thru
out their lives and use neither face
powder nor rouge.
Lamentations form a necessary
part of the Chinese mourning. Both
men and women not only shed co
pious tears, but moan and wail,
making loud noises. Between the
death and funeral, the relatives and
friends gather around the body daily
at stated hours in order to make
lamentations. Moreover, in the fu
neral procession they set up regular
wailing and howling for a time after
leaving the house and before reach
ing the burying place.
Thus are most wayfarers sped on
their way to eternity in China.
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NOTICE.
NOTICE is hereby given that the
County Court of Morrow County, on the
25th day of March, 1937, did authorize
and designate as a Wind Erosion Dis
trict the following described premises
located in Morrow County, State of Or
egon, to-wit:
That section of Morrow County
having for its West boundary the
State Highway from Heppner Junc
tion; for the North boundary the
township line six miles North of
the Base Line running East from
the State Highway to the North
east corner of Township 1, Range
26, EWM; the boundary from this .
point running South along the
Township line to the Southeast
corner of Section 12, Township 1
South, Range 26, EWM; thence
West to the road running North
and South through Section 17, Twp.
1, South Range 26 EWM; thence
South along this road turning West
along the same road in Section 20,
Township 1 South, Range 26 EWM,
and continuing West to the Lex-ington-Jarmon
Road, thence South
to the Southeast corner of Section
22, Township 1 South, Range 25
EWM, and thence West to the State
Highway.
That said designation is based on a
petition for the formation of such Wind
Erosion District duly submitted to the
County Court and bearing the signature
of two-thirds of the land owners or
duly qualified representatives thereof,
in the above described' district as pro
vided by House Bill 148 as enacted into
a law of the State of Oregon by the
thirty-ninth Legislature of Oregon and
signed by the Governor on the 26th
day of February, 1937.
BERT JOHNSON,
County Judge.
GEO. N. PECK,
Commissioner.
NOTICE OF SHERIFF'S SALE
REAL PROPERTY.
NOTICE is hereby given that by vir
tue of an execution and order of sale
issued out of the Circuit Court of the
State of Oregon for Morrow County
this 24th day of March, 1937, upon and
pursuant to a decree duly given and
made by said Court this 24th day of
March, 1937, in a suit pending therein
in which Daniel D. Summer was plain
tiff and Thomas C. Beymer and Sylvia
Beymer, his wife, were defendants,
which execution and order of sale was
to me directed and commanded me to
sell the real property hereinafter de
scribed to satisfy certain liens and
charges in said decree specified, I will
on the 24th day of April, 1937, at the
hour of 10 o'clock A. M. at the front
door' of the County Court House in
Heppner, Morrow County, Oregon, offer
for sale and sell at public auction for
cash, subject to redemption as provided
by law, all of the right, title and in
terest of the defendants in said suit and
of all parties claiming by, through or
under them or any of them since the
3rd day of March, 1934, in or to the fol
lowing described real property, to-wit:
The West half of Section Fifteen
(15); the East half, the East half
of the West half, the Southwest
quarter of the Southwest quarter of
Section Sixteen (16) ; the North half
of the Northeast quarter, the South
west quarter of the Northeast quar
ter; the West half of the North
west quarter and the Southwest
quarter of Section twenty-one (21) ;
the North half of section Twenty
two (22) ; the North half of Section
Twenty-eight (28); the Northeast
quarter of Section Twenty-nine
(29), all in Township Two (2) South,
Range Twenty-seven E. W. M.
Together with the tenements, here
ditaments and appurtenances there
unto belonging, or in anywise ap
pertaining. Dated this 24th day of March, 1937.
C. J. D. BAUMAN, Sheriff.
NOTICE OF FINAL SETTLEMENT.
Notice is hereby given that the un
dersigned has filed her final account as
executrix of the estate of Karl L. Beach,
deceased, and that the County Court of
the State of Oregon for Morrow County
has appointed Monday, the 5th day of
April, 1937, at the hour of 10 o'clock in
the forenoon of said day, as the time,
and the county court room in the court
house at Heppner, Oregon, as the place,
of hearing and settlement of said final
account. Objections to said final ac
count must be filed on or before said
date.
ELSIE M. BEACH.
Executrix.
IN THE COUNTY COURT OF THE
STATE OF OREGON IN AND FOR
MORROW COUNTY.
In the Matter of the Estate of Robert
C. Mitchell, deceased.
NOTICE TO CREDITORS.
Notice is hereby given that Letters
of Administration upon the estate of
Robert C. Mitchell, deceased, late of
Morrow County, Oregon, have been is
sued to me out of and under the seal of
the County Court of said county and
state. All persons having claims against
said estate are required to present
them, with the proper vouchers, to me
at the office of my attorney, W. Vawter
Parker, in the city of Heppner, in said
county and state within six months
from the date of this notice.
JESSIE GROSS MITCHELL,
Administratrix of the esttae of Rob
ert C. Mitchell, deceased.
First published March 11. 1937.
NOTICE OF FINAL ACCOUNT.
Notice is hereby given that F. W.
Turner, administrator of the estate of
Emanuel Nordyke, deceased, has filed
his final account of his administration
of said estate with the Clerk of the
County Court of the State of Oregon
for Morrow County, and the said Court
,has set as the time and place for hear
ing on and final settlement of said ac
count, April 5, 1937, at the hour of 10:00
A. M. of said day, in the Court Room
of the County Court of the State of
Oregon, for Morrow County, Heppner
Oregon.
Anyone having objections to said
final account must file same on or be
fore said date.
F. W. TURNER,
Administrator.
IN THE COUNTY COURT OF THE
STATE! OF OREGON FOR MORROW
COUNTY.
In the Matter of the Guardianship of
Martha McKennon and Dallas Mc
Kennon, Minors. ;
ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE.
It appearing by petition of J. O. Tur
ner, guardian of the estates of Martha
McKennon and Dallas McKennon, mi
nors, praying for an order to sell real
estate; and that it appears, to the
court, that it is to the best interest of
said estates to sell said property to pay
cost of administration, it is therefore,
ORDERED that Raymond D. Mc
Kennon and Jean Hassell, as next of
kin and all other persons interested
appear before this Court on the 5th
day of April, 1937, at the hour of 10:00
A. M. thereof, and show cause, if any
they have, why a license should not be
granted for the sale of the right, title
and interest of said minors in the fol
lowing described real property, situat
ed in Morrow County, Oregon, to-wit:
Southwest quarter of Northeast quar
ter, Southeast quarter of Northwest
quarter, West half of Southeast
quarter and Southwest quarter of
Section Seventeen; East half of
Section Nineteen; all of Section
Twenty; West half of Section Twenty-nine;
North half and Southeast
quarter of Section Thirty, all In
Township Two South, Range Twenty-Seven
East of Willamette Me
. ridian ; also, the Southwest quarter
of Section Twelve, Township Four
South, Range Twenty-eight East
of Willamette Meridian.
It is further ORDERED that a copy
of this order be served personally on
all next of kin and all persons interest
ed, directing them to appear at the time
and place above set forth, to show
cause, if any they have, why said li
cense should not be granted, and that
a copy of this order be published for
three successive weeks in the Heppner
Gazette Times, a newspaper of general
circulation, printed and published in
Morrow County, Oregon.
Done and dated at Heppner, Oregon,
this 1st day of March, 1937.
BERT JOHNSON,
County Judge.
NOTICE OF FINAL SETTLEMENT.
Notice is hereby given that the un
dersigned has filed her final account aa
executrix of the estate of Olaf Berg
strom, deceased, and the County Court
of the State of Oregon for Morrow
County has appointed Monday, the 6th
day of April, 1937, at the hour of 10
o'clock in the forenoon of said day, as
the time, and the county court room in
the Court House at Heppner, Oregon,
as the place, of hearing and settlement
of said final account Objections to
said final account must be filed on or
before said date.
CAROLYN BERGSTROM,
Executrix.
NOTICE OF SHERIFF'S SALE OF
COUNTY LANDS.
By virtue of an order of the County
Court, dated the 24th day of February,
1937, I am authorized and directed to
sell at public auction, as provided by
law, the following described real prop
erty, at not less than the minimum price
herein set forth and upon the following
terms, to-wit:
The North Half of the Northwest
Quarter of Section Twenty-seven,
Township 1 North, Range 23 East
of Willamette Meridian. Minimum
price $60.00.
Heppner Tract Number 68 D. R.
30-581. Minimum price $50.00.
Therefore, I will, on Saturday, the
20th day of March, 1937. at the hour of
2:00 P. M., at the front door of the
Court House in Heppner, Oregon, sell
said property to the highest and best
bidder for cash in hand.
Dated this 25th day of February, 1937.
C. J. D. BAUMAN, Sheriff.
NOTICE OF FINAL SETTLEMENT.
Notice Is hereby given that the un
dersigned has filed her final account as
executrix of the estate of Samuel
Hughes, deceased, and that the County
Court of the State of Oregon for Mor
row County has appointed Monday, the
5th day of April, 1937, at the hour of
10 o'clock In the forenoon of said day,
as the time, and the county court room
in the court house at Heppner, Oregon,
as the place, of hearing and settlement
of said final account. Objections to said
final account must be filed on or be
fore said date.
MARY HUGHES, Executrix,