Heppner gazette-times. (Heppner, Or.) 1925-current, September 07, 1933, Page PAGE THREE, Image 3

Below is the OCR text representation for this newspapers page. It is also available as plain text as well as XML.

    HEPPNER GAZETTE TIMES, HEPPNEE, OREGON, THURSDAY, SEPT. 7, 1933.
PAGE THREE
LooD Hupp
Mr. and Mrs. L. Q. Atherton of
Portland and Mr. and Mrs. Chas.
Jones of Pasco were over the week
end visitors at the homes of Mr.
and F. S. Parker and Mr. and Mrs.
Vawter Crawford. Mrs. Atherton
and Mrs. Jones are sisters of Mrs.
Parker and Mr. Crawford. It had
been several years since the fam
ily group had been together which
made the occasion especially en
joyabie. Mary Eleanor Adkins, who was
visiting for some time in Portland,
expected to return home last Mon
day but was stricken with an at
tack of acute appendicitis as she
was making preparations to leave.
She was taken to Good Samaritan
hoslptal where she underwent an
operation Monday evening, and is
now reported to be getting along
nicely.
C. W. Valentine was in the city
Tuesday from the Willow creek
farm near Lexington. A native of
Scotland, Mr. Valentine is of the
opinion that what America needs
is less speculation and more hard
work, such as prevails in the old
country.
Bill Hughes, veteran saddle-maker
who worked for many years in
the Noble saddlery here but who
has been employed with Hamley's
in Pendleton since leaving here sev
eral years ago, visited relatives and
friends here the first of the week.
Mrs. Truman Babb of Portland
Visited Heppner Saturday. She re
ported that her father, James Lu
per, expected to return to the hos
pital today for the removal of the
cast, necessitated from a recent
fall in which his hip was broken.
Pat Mollahan, proprietor of
Heppner service station, departed
Sunday for his old home in Ireland
for a visit with his parents who live
In County Lietrim. Bill Bucknum
js assisting at the station during
his absence.
Mr. and Mrs. Harley Adkins and
family visited the end of the week
at the home of Mr. Adkins' mother,
Mrs. Alice Adkins. Harley is trav
eling freight agent for the O.-W. R.
& N. company with headquarters
at Yakima.
Mr. and Mrs. Willis McCarty and
family of The Dalles and Mr. and
Mrs. Louis Campbell of Pendleton
vlBlted the first of the week at the
home of Gene Campbell, father of
Mrs. McCarty and Mr. Campbell.
Earl Hunt lost the end of his
right index finger Friday, when he
caught that member in the gears
of a gasoline engine at the ranch.
He came to town and had the in
jury dressed by a physician.
Mr. and Mrs. Jess Beardsley of
The Dalles were visitors In Hepp
ner Monday. Mr. Beardsley was
formerly a brakeman on the Hepp
ner branch, and he works out of
The Dalles now.
Mrs. Ray Kinne and son Dickie
returned Tuesday from Yakima
where they visited for three weeks.
They were accompanied by Miss
Edith Melick, a house guest at the
Kinne home,
Mrs. Mattie Adkins returned
home the first of the week after
spending the summer at the home
of her son-in-law and daughter,
Mr. and Mrs. Fred Elder, at Wa
pato. Wash.
Walter Moore has been spending
some time in the John Day district
doing field work for the Federal
Land bank. He was home over the
week end for a visit with his fam
ily. Miss Margaret Woodson, attorney
of Portland, was a visitor here
over Friday, while looking after
property Interests.
A. A. MoCa.be of lone, in town
Tuesday, reported harvest complet
ed at a lS-bushel average.
Let 'er Buck!
Annual Western Classic coming
Jean Frailer
While admission charges at the
1933 Pendleton Round-Up, Sep
tember 21, 22 and 23, are to be
slashed in half, the famous Round
up will be the same great revival
ot the old Wild West It hag always
been.
Vernon Jones was up from Irrl
gon Tuesday, delivering melons to
local stores. He reports the canta
loupe season about over, though the
watermelons and muskmelons will
last for a while yet
Miss Jessie Palmiter, instructor
last year in the Heppner schools,
was a guest the end of the week at
the home of Mr. and Mrs. W. C.
Cox. She will teach this year at
Oregon City.
John Vaughn and family and
Mrs. Carrie Vaughn, who have been
spending several weeks visiting
with relatives in Yakima valley, re
turned home Saturday.
S. E. Notson and Jasper Craw
ford attentded the Wallula cut-off
celebration at Thrasher's grove
near the state line in Washington
Saturday afternoon.
Andy Hayes arrived the first of
the week from, Spokane for a visit
with Heppner relatives and friends.
He expects to remain until about
the first of October.
Local members of the Imnaha C.
C. C. camp who visited at home the
end of the week included Joe Swen
dig, Ralph Forgey, John McNamec
and Tom Gibbs.
Jaok Stewart of Pendelton, for
merly local Standard Oil station
manager, visited friends here over
Saturday.
Mrs. Maggie Hunt returned home
Monday from a visit of several
weeks at the home of a Bister in
Seattle.
Superior 20-disc drill for sale. C.
W. Valentine, Lexington. 26-29p
BOARDMAN
By RACHEL J. BARLOW
Mrs. Eva Warner, accompanied
by her daughter, Mrs. John Heck
and husband and children, returned
to Boardman Saturday from Seattle
where she has been for several
weeks. Mr. and Mrs. Heck and
family returned home Monday.
Willard Nlckerson and Mrs. Edith
Conway motored to Sunnyside last
Thursday where they were married.
Mr. Nickerson is the son of Mr. and
Mrs. Charles Nickerson and is well
known in this community. On
Friday evening a large crowd of
friends charivaried them at the Art
Allen home where they are staying.
Mr. Nickerson is employed on the
section at Willows.
School opened Monday morning
in the local schools with Edwin T.
Ingles as superintendent. The high
school will occupy the rooms on
the main floor where the first and
second grades were last year, and
the lower grades will be in the
basement in the old high school
rooms.
Visitors Thursday at the M. L.
Morgan home were Mr. and Mrs.
Edwin A. Smith and daughter
Edith of Spokane. Mr. Smith is
editor of the Northwest Farm Trio,
the Oregon, Washington and Idaho
farm papers. Miss Smith and Mrs.
Morgan were classmates at Whit
man college and also sorority sis
ters of Phi Mu. Mrs. Morgan was
private secretary to Mr. Smith for
a number of years in Spokane.
Mr. and Mrs. J. A. Cox of Pasco
spent the week end in Boardman.
On their return home Monday they
attended the dedication of the new
Wallula cut-off. Mr. Cox was the
Washington state inspector of the
new road.
Francis Titus returned home Fri
day from Caldwell, Idaho, where he
has been visiting.
Edward Compton returned home
last week from Los Angeles where
he spent the summer.
Mrs. Gladys Fortier, Mrs. Earl
Cramer, Miss Bethmyrl Miller and
Miss Norma Gibbons motored to
Moro Thursday.
Mr. and Mrs. Truman Messen
ger and children of Condon were
guests during the week end and
Labor Day at the E. T. Messenger
Pendleton Round
September 21-22-23
of the 1033 Round-Up.
, ,n .v-"..,,.-". . uv"'
Left: A bit of thrilling action.
Hlght: Chief Botlroads.
World's championships In buck
ing, bulldogging and roping will
be settled at the Round-Up. The
meanest bucking horses In the
world will be there and the
country's toughest and most fam
ous cowboys will mount them,
home, and also, attended the pic
nic and dedication of the new high
way. Mr. and Mrs. Al Macomber and
children of Heppner were Board
man visitors Sunday and Monday.
Mrs. McKean and daughter Mar
tha of Wasco spent Sunday In
Boardman with Mrs. McKean's
brother, Jess Lower.
Mr. and Mrs. W. H. Mefford of
Corvallis visited In Boardman with
their daughters, Mrs. L. V. Root
and Mrs. J. E. Barlow. Mr. and
Mrs. Mefford were enroute to Spo
kane where they spent a few days.
Francis Skoubo, daughter of Mr.
and Mrs. I. Skoubo, underwent an
operation for the removal of her
tonsils last week in Pendleton hos
pital, and is getting along fine.
Mr. and Mrs. Royal Rands and
Donna spent the week end in
Boardman.
Jess Lower was seriously Injured
Thursday morning. It is thought
that he fell from a train but he is
unable to tell just how it happened
His head and face were badly cut
and bruised and possibly suffered
internal Injuries. Dr. MoMurdo of
Heppner came and took Mr. Lower
to the hospital. He returned home
the last of the week.
Many Boardman folks attended
the North Morrow County fair in
Irrigon last Friday. There were
many fine exhibits shown in all the
departments. The 4-H demonstra
tions given in the afternoon by the
girls were very good. Clara Mae
Dillon and Ruth King of the cook
ing club won with their splendid
demonstration of making a salad.
Figures Show Fair 'Rent'
To be Paid Wheat Farmer
With the amount of wheat acre
age reduction definitely set at 15
per cent by the Wheat Adustjment
administration, Oregon will have
156,900 acres to be taken out of
wheat production this next year,
if every wheat grower in the state
signs up under the adjustment plan.
Of course it is not expected that
everyone of the 17,090 wheat grow
ers in the state will find it advan
tageous to sign up to cooperate in
this national movement to restore
the purchasing power of wheat, al
though early indications through
out the Columbia Basin show that
more than 90 per cent of the wheat
growers there are availing them
selves of this opportunity. Organi
zation work it progressing rapidly
throughout the state in order that
some two million dollars out of a
total of approximately three and a
quarter million may be paid this
September, according to officials of
the Oregon State College Extension
service, which is in charge of the
educational and organization cam
paign. By taking average yields of the
various counties, the extension ser
vice men find that farmers will, in
effect, be paid an average of $20 an
acre for the land left out of wheat
production. This amount varies, of
course with the county, ranging
from $11.44 to as high as $32.78. Of
course, these benefit payments are
not made directly on an acre basis,
but rather at the rate of 28 cents a
bushel for the allotment bushels as
signed each grower, but now that
the average reduction has been def
initely set at 15 per cent, it is a
simple matter for each grower to
caused the shooting, there has been
no definite statement made by eith
er of the men.
Immediately after the shooting,
it appeared that Matteson had been
done for. But Dr. McMurdo, who
took charge of the Injured man,
found he was still alive and rushed
him to the office for emergency
treatment. X-ray pictures were
taken showing the location of the
bullets, which had apparently been
deflected, and so far as is known
no vital organs were struck,
Matteson was resting easy this
morning, and though it is yet too
early for definite prognosis, the
doctor believes, that, barring com
plications, he has a chance for re
covery. No charge has yet been placed
against Penland, pending the out
come of the effect of the shooting
on Matteson,
For your favorite pie, see Mrs.
George Moore, 26-28
- Up Coming
Centers Queen
The famous pageant, "Happy
Canyon" will be Bhown nightly
and hundreds of Indians, decked
out in their colorful and historic
regalia, will participate In war
dances in the arena dally.
PI o
oruce carton
writes of
"The Master Executive"
Supplying a WMk-to-WMk inspiration
for the hMvy.btirdMMd who win ftmA
vwy knnun trial parallried la the -parlonow
of "Th Mu Hobody Knows"
Eyes Upon the Goal
Just what happened in the mo
ment when the food was laid be
fore Jesus in feeding the 5,000, is
an impenetrable mystery; but there
is no doubt at all as to what took
place afterward. It was the event
for which the people had waited,
the unmistakable sign! Moses had
fed their fathers on manna in the
wilderness; here was one who like
wise called on Heaven, and sup
plied their wants. Surely he was
the son of David, long foretold, who
would overthrow the rule of their
conquerors and restore the throne
to Jerusalem!
Joyously they shouted the news
back and forth. The day of deliv
erance (had come; the tyranny of
the Romans was about to end. They
were an army and had not realized
it Right there on the field they
were enough to outnumber the gar
rison in Jerusalem; but they were
only a nucleus of the host that
would gather to their banners, once
their southward march was formed.
If they were five thousand now,
they would be fifty thousand, per
haps a hundred thousand then.
They surged forward toward the
little hill where he stood
And then
Jesus had forseen their purpose,
and even while they were perfect
ing their plan, doubt had raged thru
his spirit with the force of a tem
pest. Why not accept their nom
ination? Why not be their king?
It would mean an alteration in his
program, to be sure a surrender
of his vision of spiritual leadership.
And yet it might not be such a
surrender, after all. Solomon had
been king, and a great spiritual
leader; David had been king and
had written the nation's highest
ideals Into his Psalms. He himself
was better balanced than David,
wiser than Solomon why not?
It was as splendid a picture as
ever stirred the pulses of an ambi
tious man. For only an instant Je
sus allowed his eyes to rest on it
Then he saw the other picture
the vast dumb multitudes of men,
his brothers and sisters, the blind
being led by the blind, their souls
squeezed dry of vision and hope by
the machinery of formalism. He
saw generations born and die in
spiritual servitude which nothing
could end except the Truth that he
had come to declare. To put him
self at the head of this army of fa
natical patriots would be perhaps
to risk his life and his message
with it But worse than the possi
bility of failure was the probability
of success.
In a flash he saw It all and made
his decision. Even as the multi
tude surged forward, he gave a few
crisp orders to his disciples and
disappeared. The Gospel story puts
the dramatic climax into a single
sentence:
Jesus, therefore, perceiving that
they were about to come and take
him by force to make him king,
withdrew again into the mountain
himself alone.
Next Week: "What Gaineth It?"
HARDMAN
By LUCILLE FARREN3
George Kirk became seriously ill
the first of the week at the road
camp near Spray where he was
working and was rushed to Hepp
ner for medical attention by his
daughter, Mrs. Clair Ashbaugh, ac
companied by Mrs. Kirk. He Is
now receiving treatment from a
physician and at this writing he is
reported to be somewhat Improved.
Mrs. Nettie Billmler arrived Sun
day from her home at Portland for
an indefinite visit With her sister,
Mrs. J. W. Stevens, and many old
time friends. This is Mrs. Bill
mire's first visit here in 36 years.
She was accompanied by her
daughter and son-in-law, Mr. and
Mrs, Ray Blake, who spent the day
renewing old acquaintances before
returning to their home at Kinzua.
The local schools opened Monday
morning with Mrs. Clary, former
teacher In the Alpine schools, in
charge of the high school; Mr. De
Moss as principal of the grades,
who comes from the Reith school,
and Mrs. Marjorie Johnson will
have charge of the primary room
for the third successive year. A
successful school year is anticipat
ed. Mr. and Mrs. Floyd Adams have
gone to Kennewick for a visit with
a cousin of Mrs. Adams.
Mr. and Mrs. Elmer Musgrave
went Sunday to the Musgrave
ranch near lone where they will
put up hay.
Mr. and Mrs. John Adams were
Pendleton shoppers Thursday.
Mrs. Carey Hastings and Yvonne
were week end visitors of Mrs. Vic
tor Johnson.
Mrs. Blaine Chapel has moved
her household goods to Rood can
yon where she will teach again this
year.
Herman Nlelson, Rood canyon
farmer, Mr. and Mrs. Blaine Cha
pel and Dolly Farrena were Pen
dleton visitors Saturday.
Mr. and Mrs. O. E. Johnson, Mrs.
Cart Leathers and the Misses Del
sle and Nellie Bleakman attended
the North Morrow County fair at
Irrigon Saturday.
Mrs. Golda Leathers and daugh
ter, Mrs. Lester White, of Lexing
ton were visiting Mrs. Leathers'
sister, Mrs. Lew Knighten, Sunday
last
Mrs. Clary will be domiciled In
the house belonging to Delsle Cha
pel. Mr. DeMoss will board with
Mrs. George Samuels while here.
Neal Knighten, Walter Farrens
and Loes Adams were attending to
matters of business in Heppner on
Monday.
The Misses Mary Ellen Inskecp
and Alta Stevens, Jim Stevens, Al
lan Pherrls and Delvin McDaniel
were picnicking at the mountain
sheep camp of John Stevens last
Sunday.
Harlan Adams is assisting Victor
Johnson haul wheat
Ed Warren was in from the local
C. C. C. camp visiting at the home
of his sister, Mrs. Buck Adams.
Mrs. Walter Farrens spent sev
eral days visiting her sister, Mrs. L.
J. Burnside, at their Rood canyon
ranch last week.
Mrs. Ethel McDaniel and chil
dren and Mrs. Dick Steers and
Bunny have moved In from the
mountains for the coming school
year.
Allan Phares, freshman, Margaret
and Billy Browning, grade school
pupils, are new students enrolled in
the local school. Allan stays at the
home of his uncle, John Stevens.
The Brownings live at the French
place below town.
Mrs. Frank McDaniel and Jim
Stevens were attending to matters
of business in Heppner Monday.
PINE CITY
By OLETA HE ILL
Mr. and Mrs. Brian Young and
family of Shoshone, Idaho, have
been visiting with Mr. Young's
brother, H. E. Young, a few days
this week.
Mr. and Mrs. A. E. Wattenburger
were in Hermlston Saturday on
business.
Jim Paine of Pendleton complet
ed the carpentering on the school
house Thursday and returned to
his home in Pendleton.
W. D. Neill and L. D. Nelll re
turned Thursday evening from the
Arbuckle mountains where they
have been cutting wood the past
week.
Ike Howard, son and grandson
called at the Mrs. Ollie Neill ranch
Tuesday afternoon. Mr. Howard
formerly owned the Neill ranch but
is now living at Molalla.
Milon L. Smith, principal of the
Pine City school, arrived at the C.
H Bartholomew home Wednesday
morning.
Miss Audrey Moore Is now work
ing for Mrs. Ackey in Pendleton.
Mr. and Mrs. Paul C. Bull of La
Grande visited Mrs. Bull's parents,
Mr. and Mrs. H. E. Young Sunday.
Mrs. Nora Moore and son Guy
and Miss Alma Neill motored to
Pendleton Thursday on business.
Miss Viola Jones of Hermlston
has been visiting Miss Bernice Neill
the past week.
Murray Potts who has been visit
ing in Walla Walla for several
days returned home Thursday.
Mr. and Mrs. Jack Sommers of
La Grande called on Mr. and Mrs.
A. E. Wattenburger Tuesday eve
ning. Frank Helms has been confined
to his bed for several days due to
an injured neck, which was caused
when he fell from his truck while
loading wheat last week.
Mrs. Marion Finoh and daughters
accompanied Mr. Finoh to the
mountains Friday. Mr. Finch is
hauling wood for C. H. Bartholo
mew and himself.
J. T. Ayers was in Hermlston Sat
urday on business.
Mr. and Mrs. W. D. Neill and
Charley Morehead were business
visitors in Pendleton Friday.
Mr. and Mrs. E. B. Wattenburger
and children were In Echo Satur
day. Mrs. Jasper Myers and Mrs. Dee
Neill were in Hermlston Thursday
on business.
Mr. and Mrs. C. H. Bartholomew
and Mrs. Marion Finch and daugh
ters were business visitors in Echo
Thursday.
Mrs. Ollie Neill and daughters
Neva and Lenna were in Echo and
Hermiston Saturday on business.
Mrs. Nora Moore and son Guy
moved to Heppner Saturday. Mrs.
Moore has been working at the
Roy Nelll place for the past few
months.
Mr. and Mrs. H. E. Young and
family, Mr. and Mm Brian Young
and family and Mr. and Mrs. Paul
Bull were dinner guests of Mr. and
Mrs. Emery Cox Sunday.
Mr. and Mrs. C. H. Ayers and
family were business visitors in
Heppner Thursday.
Mr. and Mrs. A. E. Wattenburger
were in Echo Thursday on business.
A program of songs, readings and
Impersonations, piano accordlan
FOR A
GOOD
MEAL
ANYTIME
GOTO
THE
ELKH0RN
Complete
Fountain
Service
ELKHORN
RESTAURANT
ED CHTNN, Prop.
and other Instrumental music and
chalk paintings will be given at the
Pine City auditorium Wednesday
evening. Sept 13, at 8:15, by Glenna
Stephens, Lola Thompson and Carol
Stephens of Portland. There will
be no admission charge but a silver
offering will be taken. Everyone is
cordially invited to attend.
Mr. and Mrs. Adolph Majeske and
family of Lexington called on Mr.
and Mrs. Fred Rauch Sunday.
Mr. and Mrs. H. Ew Young and
family, Mr. and Mrs. Brian Young
and family and Roy Neill and
daughter Alma were dinner guests
at the W. D. Neill home Monday.
Mr. and Mrs. W. J. Wattenburger
of Echo were dinner guests at the
home of Mrs. Ollie Neill Sunday.
Mr. and Mrs. C. H. Ayers and
children were business visitors in
Hermiston Saturday.
A. E. and E. B. Wattenburger
made a trip to Mt Vernon Friday.
The coyotes have been doing
quite a bit of damage this summer
on both Big and Little Butter creek.
They have killed all of C. H. Bar
tholomew's geese, which numbered
about forty, and have killed a
number of sheep, turkeys and
geese for several others on the
creeks. The government trappers
have caught two coyotes but there
are more that are still bothering.
Mr. and Mrs. W. D. Neill and
family and Milton L. Smith attend
ed church in Hermiston Sunday.
Mrs. Ralph Charnley, sister, Jas.
Hart, brother, and Robert Hart,
nephew, of Mrs. George Schwartz,
are expected to arrive at the
Schwartz home this afternoon for
a visit of a few days. Mr. Hart re
sides at Hollywood, Cal., Mrs.
Charnley at St Johns, and the
young Mr. Hart at Portland.
IBImIII
riVMiia .vn TjtoaV 1 I department stops
7j5T imaut
APPOINT Mt NTS
"Its price is so small and its
value is so great that it simply
doesn't pay to be without it"
Saving strength is not a luxury. It's the thrifty
thing to do, in household or business.
An old subscriber tells us, who discontinued her
telephone in recent months and now is ordering
her service restored, "I found that my telephone
saved strength and time more than I had ever
dreamed, and more nickels, dimes and quarters
than its monthly service costs."
Nothing does so much for so little as your tele
phone. The Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Company
'Business Office: 4 West Willow Street Jieppner, Oregon
Vinegar
Pure Cider Vinegar, Best Oregon
PER
GALLON
FLOUR
Bmt. Quality and aU
the tu Included.
FBICED AT
MALT
PURITAN
2-3-lb. TINS
$1.09
TOM.
Llbby's
2 No. 2
TINS ..
JELL WELL
The Nation's Dessert
4PKGS 25c
MAYONNAISE
Best Foods Always Best
PER QUART 49c
MATCHES
Highway Brand none
better
CHEESE
8-0. Pkgs. assorted
Pabst Cheese
PER
CTN.
23c
2
PKGS.
SALAD OIL "taw
Soap
Peet'i Granulated large
pits,, ref. 15c size.
Pkgs. 29c
.Vacuum
SAVINGS for FRI. - SAT.
District N R A Board
Organized This Week
Portland, September 5. Organi
zation of the District Recovery
Board this week will complete the
NRA set-up for Oregon and Idaho,
Frank Messenger, district manager
of the Department of Commerce,
announced today.
Tentative plans call for all mem
bers of the district board to be
present at Baker Thursday or Fri
day, Mr. Messenger said. These
plans will be made definite when
individual members communicate
with Portland headquarters.
Members of the District Recov
erey board for Oregon and Idaho
are J. A. Zehntbauer, Portland; R.
J. Hendricks, Salem;' W. C. Rueg
nitz, Portland; George C. Blakely,
The Dalles; Will Simons, Boise;
George Grebe, Kuna; John Hood,
Pocatello.
The District Recovery board will
be the organization in direct con
tact with Washington, D. C. head
quarters of the National Recovery
administration. The district board
will relay instructions from Wash
ington to the State Recovery boards
which in turn will direct activities
in the counties of Oregon and
Idaho.
Every county in the two states
has an active, functioning organi
zation, according to H. B. Van Du
zer and Will Simons, State Recov
ery Board chairmen for Oregon and
Idaho, respectively.
Mrs. I. A. Mather is visiting her
parents, Mr. and Mrs. W. P. Ma
honey, coming up from Carpenteria,
Cal., where Mr. Mather has a teach
ing position. Mr. Mather complet
ed work for his Ph. D. at the Unt
versity of Oregon this summer.
CLllANtm
WELCOME
To HEPPNER
RODEO
Quality
20C
81.59
AND
UP
JUICE
large tins
TOBACCO
PRINCE ALBERT
23c
16-OZ.
TINS .
89c
CAKE FLOUR
SWANSDOWN
PER PKG 33c
GRAPE NUTS
For Your Breakfast
PER LGE. PKG 18c
CERTO
ALWAYS BEST
TLES .. 49c
35c
COFFEE
"KOASTBX TO OOHHTJMEa"
AIRWAY 3 LBS. 55c
NOB HILL 3 LBS. 73c
DEPEN n A RT E 9. T.RS M-
Packed J
- M0N., SEPT 8-9-11, Inc.