Page four FINANCE BUILDING WAYS PRESENTED Twenty-Five Projects for Raising Money on the Farm Are Given By Economics Committee. By Home Economics Committee, Willows Grange. It is the duty of Grange Home Economics committees to help In Grange projects wheerer woman's work Is to be done, so long as it does not interfere with or oppose other committees' or officers' work. We find that women, especially farm women, can be of help in a financial way, not only in their or der, but in the community as well. "Building Up Grange Finances" is a timely topic, graphically set out by our National Lecturer, Jas. Farmer. Many of the "ways and means" listed by Mr. Farmer can be applied to rural communities In general; with that view in mind, we have selected a list of twenty five projects from which rural wo men in our locality may find a combined hobby and money maker. These are: 1. Keep cows for wholesale milk ! and cream. 2. Keep cows to raise veal. 3. Keep cows for milk and but ter. 4. Keep poultry for eggs and meat 5. Raise baby chicks and eggs Taxpayers' League Backs County School Measure (Continued from First Page) Lincoln show a rather remarkable reduction in school costs and yet they maintain very good schools. The cost per pupil in the Crook County Unit for the year 1931-32 was $24.30 less than the cost per pupil the last year under the dis trict system in 1920-21. The cost per pupil in 1931-32 in Klamath county under the unit system was $25.34 less than the cost per pupil in 1921-22, the last year under the district system. While figures are not available for the cost per pu pil before the unit went into effect in Lincoln county, a reduction of $36,47 per pupil has been made the Crook County (County Unit System) . jrilliam County (District System) Lincoln County (County Unit System) . Tillamook County (District System) . Klamath County (County Unit System) Umatilla County (District System) These figures show that, with al most exactly the same number of elementary school pupils, Gilliam county employed three, teachers for every two employed by the Crook county unit For every five teach ers employed in Tillamook county the Lincoln county unit, employs only four for the same number of pupils. Umatilla county employs almost three teachers to teach the same number of pupils that are taught by two teachers in the Klamath county unit Responsibil ity for this excessive number of teachers and the resulting expense does not rest wholly upon the dis trict school boards of the counties involved. The fault lies with the fact that school district boundaries stand as barriers to economical or ganization. In Oregon in 1930-31 there were: 584 one-teacher schools with 10 pupils or less in A. D. A. 210 one-teacher schools with 5 pupils or less in A. D. A. 65 one-teacher schools with 3 douqiIas COUNTY 1930-31106 elementary districts. 41 districts levy no district school tax. (Joint ; diBtricti disregarded below.) District tax levy in mills District tax per pupil enrolled District tax per teacher assessed valuation per pupil assessed valuation per teacher A taxpayer assessed for $5,000 if situated in lowest . taxed school district, would pay for district tax, $2.50. if situated in highest 'taxed school district would pay for district tax, $212.00, or over 84 times as much. General arguments for the coun ty unit system advanced by tax payers and others in the counties now operating under it are that It is more economical, that it spreads the school tax equally over the en tire county and that it insures bet ter and more efficiently-operated schools, especially in the rural dis tricts. They attribute the reduced school costs and increased efficiency of a county unit system to the au thority of the county school board to (1) purchase all supplies for the county on contract bids at greatly reduced prices; (2) reduce the num ber of classroom units, thus re quiring fewer teachers; (3) cut costs of necessary transportation through county wide planning of routes for elementary and high school pupils with no ' duplication of routes; (4) consolidate schools when money can be saved; (5) em ploy efficient, well-qualified teach ers for all schools; (6) eliminate the expenses of each individual district such as clerk's salary, bond, sup plies and record books, cost of an nual audit of clerk's accounts, fees for legal services, and individual insurance, as well as duplicate tax lists, apportionment lists and sink ing fund lists in the county offices. It is significant that the Califor nia State Taxpayers' association has likewise urged the adoption of the county unit system to reduce school costs in California, It is significant, also, that no state or county operating under the county unit system has ever returned to the small district system. The con clusion seems entirely reasonable that one of the principal means of relief for the taxpayer from the burden of school costs lies in larger school districts for administration and finance. The committee was encouraged in its work to note the support of the National Grange toward a program of more efficient organization of for sale. Rais capons. Specialize in broilers. Specialize In soft roasting chickens. Raise pullets for sale. Develop hotel and restaurant trade. Raise berries: raspberries, strawberries, blackberries and gooseberries. Raise weaner pigs. Market garden specials. Grow small home gardens. Sheep for meat. Raise ducks. Raise pigeons and squabs. Potatoes. Sweet corn for local market. String bean specialty. Grow early cabbage. Raise turkeys. Cake baking special. Bees and honey. Toy making. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. PLAN BENEFIT PARTY. The Neighbors of Woodcraft are planning a card party for Monday evening, Feb. 13, at the I. O. O. F. hall. Bridge and 500 will be the order of the evening. A fresh ham will be given as the prize in both bridge and 500. This Is to be the first of a series of three parties the Neibhbors plan to give and persons attending will receive a free chance on a beautiful quilt which will be given away at the third party. The quilt is on display at the Hiatt & Dix store. Cook needs work, sheep camp or crew. State wages. Write Box 113, Condon, Ore. last three years from 1928-29 to 1931 32. These reductions are all the more significant when one consid ers that they were made over a per iod of years when school costs on the average were increasing rapid ly in practically every other county. One of the chief reductions made possible through large school dis tricts is a reduction in the number of classroom units by organizing pupils into larger groups which re quire fewer teachers. Where the district boundary line stands as a barrier, such a grouping is impossi ble. This is made clear by a com parison of each of the unit coun ties with a Similar county of ap proximately the same school en rollment In making the following comparisons for the school year ending in June, 1932, districts of the first crass are omitted. Elem. Elem. Elem. pupils Enrol. Teachers per teacher .. 617 28 ......... 623 43 1900 . 78 1706 85 2812 96 2918 143 22 14.5 24.S 20 29 20.4 pupils or less In A. D. A. 32 one-teacher schools with 2 pupils or less in A. D. A. 7 one-teacher schools with 1 pupil. Many of these small schools are justified because of their remote ness from other schools. Many oth ers, however, could not justify their cost of existence in comparing the cost of tuition and transportation of the few pupils to a nearby school. Under the present system of a multiplicity of independent school districts in Oregon the resources of poor districts are strained under a high tax to provide only a meager school program; while wealthy dis tricts are able to finance an elabor ate program with a very low tax. The following figures show the ex treme inequalities of the district school tax in the various districts of Douglas county. Similar in. equalities exist In every country op erating under the district system, while under a county school plan the tax would be equal over the entire county district Low High Comparison .6 J$ 5.41 154.31 2.350.92 .27,270.00 42.4 589.41 3.484.29 96.055.00 608.800.00 lto 84 1 to 127 lto 22 lto 40 lto 22 units of government including school distracts). Its national pro gram on state and local taxation contains the following plank: "The elimination of inefficient and unnecessary units of govern ment and the introduction of bet ter business practices in all gov ernments." The committee was also encour aged by the recommendations on education issued by leading repre sentatives of labor, agriculture, in dustry and education meeting In conference at Washington recently (Citizens National Conference on the Crisis in Education. This group included Charles E. Hearst Presi dent of the American Farm Bureau Federation; Albert S. Goss, Chair man of the Executive Committee of the National Grange; Frank Morrison, Secretary of the Ameri can Federation of Labor; Wm John Cooper, U. S. Commissioner of Education; Howell Cheney of the National Association of Manu facturers; and Ray Lyman Wilbur, Secretary of the Interior.) Chief among ' the recommenda tions made by this group were the following: 1. That local school districts be reorganized and consolidated on a more efficient basis. 2. That there be more centralized administration and superintend ence. 3. That all local communities have adequate financial support for their schools, irrespective of their financial condition. In conclusion, our committee urges the passage of "The County School Law" and Its adoption by the voters In every county. It urges further: 1. That the taxpayer organiza tions in every county appoint a committee to carefully study and Investigate the county plan for schools tts a means of tax reduction. 2, That taxpayer organizations take aggressive action in promot ing the adoption of the county unit In their counties as soon as possi ble. 3. That no organization pass ill advised, hastily-considered resolu tions opposing the county plan for schools without an Intelligent, care ful study of its merits. HEPPNER GAZETTE TIMES, nmtiimnimiiii!miniim!intimiintt At Heppner CHURCHES CIIU'II OF CHRIST. JOEL R. BENTON, Minister. Mrs. J. O. Turner, Director of Music Bible School 9:45 A. M. Morning Worship 11 o'clock Senior and Junior C. E 6:30 o'clock Eveniug Worship 7:30 o'clock Choir ehearsal. Wed. at 7:30 P. M. I Church Night. Thurs. at 7:30 -P. M. Do you have a Church home? If not then come and worship with us. You are invited to come and enjoy our enthusiastic and growing Bible School; come and enter into the reverent spirit of worship In our morning and evening services; young people will find a great need met in the work of our Society of Christian Endeavor; and all will be helped in the best possible way ini our midweek service, each Thursday evening at 7:30 o'clock; there the attendance and interest is also growing, and we invite you to come and have your part in the life of this friendly church. For the coming Lord's Day the sermon topics will be: For the morning service, "If Jesus Were to Come Now." And for the evening ser vice, "Sinking in the Sea." Come and test the welcome of this warm, friendly Church. METHODIST CHURCH. GLEN P. WHITE. Pastor. Mrs. C. R. Ripley, Director of Music 9:45 a. m., Sunday School. 11:00 ia. m., Morning worship hour. Mesage, "And He Made It Again." 6:30 p. m., Epworth League. - 7:30 p. m., Song service and gos pel message. LEGION AUXILIARY MEETS, The American Legion Auxiliary had a very successful meeting Tues day evening at the home of Mrs, Spencer Crawford. It was decided to hold the annual pie sale on the Saturday before Washington's birthday, Feb. 18. All members are asked to furnish pies. As poppy making has started in the Veter ans' hospitals, the unit is ordering its supply to be sold just before Memorial Day. Plans for the school poppy poster contest and medal award ana flag code contest in the school were discussed. Light re freshments were served by the hostess. The next meeting, Feb. 21, will be held at the home of Mrs. Chas. W. Smith. FLAMING ARROWS MEET. The Flaming Arrow patrol of the local Scout troop held a meet ing last Monday night at the home of Dr. A. D. McMurdo. Plans for the court of honor were made which will be Thursday night Three members of the patrol, Richard Hayes, Emery Coxen and Gerald Cason, went up Willow creek last Saturday and found a location for a patrol camp. Trade and Employment : EXCHANGE (Printed Without charge. Dis continued on notice.) 800 watt, 32 volt, Delco light plant to trade for wheat, or what have you. F. P. Leicht, Irrigon. A 32 volt Delco all electric radio to trade for wheat, or what have you. F. P. Leicht Irrigon. To trade, a 125-lb. boar pig for another of different stock. Frank Wilkinson, Heppner. Chester White boar; will trade for what have you. Also 2-bottom, 16-in. adjustable P. & O. gang plow, for milk cow. Sam Turner, Hepp ner. - To trade, lumber, roofing paper, pipe, brick, etc., for what have you? H. A. Schulz, Heppner. Two radio battery sets and three phonographs for trade. Max Schulz, Heppner. . To trade, all steel horsepower hay press for wheat or cows. Adolph Skoubo, Boardman. Wood" or white leghorn hens for a garden seeder. Alfred Skoubo, Boardman. Two oil brooders, 300 to 500 chick capacity, good condition, one prac tically new, for chickens, turkeys, pigs, sheep, or what have you. Rood Ekleberry, Morgan. Chas. Bartholomew of Pine City has Federation wheat to trade for other wheat on basis of 1 1-2 bu of other varieties for 1 bu. Federation, Address, Echo, Ore. Team of horses, weight 1500 lbs each; also fresh milk cows, to ex change for wheat or beef cattle. Sterling Fryrear, Heppner. Guernsey bull for cows or anoth er young Guernsey bull. S. J. De vine, Lexington. . 1929 Whippet 6 automobile, for what have you? Mrs. Hilma An derson, Heppner. Warford transmission to trade for 30-30 rifle. W. H. Tucker, Lex Ington. Shingles, lumber, 4-horse cut away disc, Jenkin's stacker, and two buckrakes for cows and wheat. F. L. Brown, Boardman. Bourbon Red toms and hons to trade for wood. Daisy Butler, Wil lows, Ore. Netted Gem potatoes for wheat. A. P. Ayers, Boardman. Frying turkoyB to trade for wheat. Daisy Butler, Willows, Ore. Weanling pigs for wheat Rufus Pieper, Lexington. Cowa for horses, annles fnr nn. . ' i r tatoes. hosrs for ootatoes. R. B. Rice, Lexington. ' Bronze toms and B. J. giant cockerels for sale or trade, until Nov. 18. Floyd Worden, Heppner. Yearling Durham bull to trade for sheep, pigs, or wheat. F. S. Par ker, Heppner. HEPPNER, OREGON, SMOKER CARD ENJOYED. A good crowd was present at the smoker Friday evening at the Fair pavilion and enjoyed the card of fered. The main event was the wrestling match between Geo. GU- lis of Lexington and V. J. Meyers of Spokane, the decision going to Gillis on two straight falls. He proved a great surprise to both his opponent and the fans. Bob Benton won over Al Lovgren in the boxing semi-final, while Dick Kenton was given the decision over his opponent, Russell Phillips. In the wrestling bout between Don Allstott and LaVerne Wright the former was the winner. There were also contests between the smaller boys, these all being an nounced as draws. Lamoyne Cox vs. LaVerne Winters, Robert Cash vs. John Crawford and Nalbro Cox vs. Jimmie Farley were contests which received much applauseu Peter Dufault Heppner's strong man, entertained with a number of feats of strength, also. DEPUTY COLLECTOR HERE. We are informed by Clyde G. Huntley, collector of internal rev enue at Portland, that a deputy from his office will be in Heppner on Saturday, February 25th, all day, for the purpose of assisting tax payers in preparing their Fed eral income tax returns for the year laaz. it will be well to keep this an nouncement in mind, as no doubt many will wish to avail themselves of the opportunity of receiving sucn assistance as the deputy col lector will be in position to give. STUDY CLUB TO MEET. The Philippines will be the topic for discussion at the February meeting of the Women's Study club. The roll call topics will be Austra lia and New Zealand, which were studied previously. The meeting will De held at the Walter Moore home on Jones street, next Monday evening, Feb. 13, at 7:45. Mrs. Moore, Mrs. Glen Jones and Mrs. C. B. Cox are the prograih commit tee In charge. FLYING EAGLES HIKE. The Flvine- Tp-Ia Ttntrnl I A mart. can Legion) of the Heppner Boy Scout troor had a nnirnl hifcA lnat Saturday up Willow creek where inev uassea tests ana niaveo nmps The tests nassed were nookinp- ntiH firebuildine bv Flrnest Clark nnH Fred Hoskins, Jr. They have made plans tor another hike next Satur day to their patrol camp where they pass tests and work upon the camp. STAR MEETING POSTPONED. Because of the extremely cold weather the regular meeting of Ruth Chapter No. 32, O. E. S. will not be held tomorrow evening, an nounces Mrs. Gertrude Parker, the worthy matron. RHEA CREEK NEWS. VELMA HUSTON, Reporter. The regular business meeting of Rhea Creek Grange was held Sun day with a good crowd in attend ance. First and second degrees of the order were conferred upon Mr, and Mrs. Chris Brown. The master, Delbert Wright, was unable to be present but his office was ably filled by Mrs. Fryrear. Mrs. Parkers resignation was ac cepted and Velma Huston was elect ed to fill the vacancy. The lectur er s hour was composed of readings centering around the birthdays of wasnmgton and Lincoln. Also there was singing by the audience. Chas. Smith, county agent present ed to Joan Wright, vice-president of the Golden West Cookery club, the club's achievement certificate for having completed last year's work 100 per cent A lively discus sion on smut was precipitated by a short and instructive talk on "Smut Control'" by Chas. Smith. The grange was glad to entertain as their guest the lecturer of the Lexington Grange, Mrs. Harvey Bauman. There will be a public dance at the Rhea Creek Grange hall Satur day, February 11. Good music The regular meeting of the Home Economics club will be held Thurs day, February 23, at the hall. All members are" asked to be present. The most compelling cast ever assembled in GRAND HOTEL, at the Star next Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday, Feb. 14-15-16. IT MEETS THE MARKET The answer to the retail merchant's prob lem of how to deliver a quality product at present day prices is SPRING AND SUMMER LINE If it is a suit to retail at $20, $22.50, $25, $30, $35, $40 or $45 we can serve you with the best made for the price paid. Only the largest tailors in the world of GOOD made-to-order clothes are in a posi tion to give you a line as comprehensive as this. Only a house that has been tailors for over 38 years to the best dressed men of America can give you these woolens of char acter backed by the highest type of work manship. WILSON'S The Store of Personal Service THURSDAY, FEB. 9, 1933 UNEMPLOYMENT ACT ' SIGNED BY GOVERNOR (Continued from First Page) chemistry and hygiene. The debate on this bill, No. 127, was on whether the minority report of the commit tee that the bill do not pass be sub stituted for the majority report that it do pass with amendments. The debate wound up at 3 o'clock this afternoon with the house up holding the majority report With this debate taking up so much time, the calendar for the day was not cleared, and many of the bills up for third reading were held over to tomorrow's calendar. The senate today was occupied for considreable time on debate of a bill aimed to repeal the criminal syndicalism act Representatives of the Morrow county district are receiving many requests from their constituency, with much demand evidenced for a moratorium on mortgages and for governmental economies, in cluding reduction of salaries of county officers. These matters are still in abeyance, however, await ing reports of committees from which are expected proposals touch ing on them. TO HAVE SOCIAL NIGHT. Willows Grange at Cecil will have a social night in their hall Satur day, Feb. 11. A special feature will be a talk by one of the members on rodent control and squirrel pois oning; also a short program in hon or of Lincoln's birthday. Follow ing 'this dancing will Te the order. The Willows grangers try to help all who come to have a good time. Come early and enjoy the program. Reporter. RELIEF BENEFIT SHOW SPONSORED BY LIONS (Continued from First Page) of farm value and wealth can only be appreciated by considering that they must be multiplied several times over In the turnover In the annual trade of the nation; thus creating additional billions of an nual wealth in the form of clothing, machinery, luxuries and everything else that the farmer and the city working man should be using in a common and constant manner and exchanging between themselves In the ordinary course of trade." "Business men, financiers and manufacturers are now beginning to realize that the continuing cause StarTheater Fri. and Sat., Feb; 10-11: Pathe News Comedy HIDDEN GOLD With TOM MIX Tom does his stuffff and so doe3 Tony. Sun.-Mon., Feb. 12-13; Pathe News Cartoon Pathe Review THE CONQUERORS With Ann Harding, Richard Dlx and Edna May Oliver History of the United States, to which is added the Dix-Harding ro mance, makes a powerful picture for these times. "You cant' stop America," Tues., Wed. and Thurs., Feb. 14-15-16: Comedy GRAND HOTEL With GRETA GARBO, JOAN CRAW FORD, JOHN BARRYMORE, LI ONEL BARRYMORE, WALLACE BEERY, JEAN HESHOLT. . The most compelling cast ever assembled. You owe it to yourself to see this picture. imiii i illinium iiiiimi 1111111111111 i of our present profound economic j depression lies in the collapse of agricultural values and Income. It Is plain that business and finance cannot prosper without creating a degree of stability for the welfare of some 53 million rural Americans, whose income has been dried up and whose normal purchasing power represents approximately one third of the total retail trade of the nation." Following the discussion Monday, and in conformity to the wishes of the Iinternatlonal, the local club voted Monday to endorse the Clair Plan. Nothing Safe? Sure there is! Ask the folks whose forethought has Insured Safety at Sixty. Nineteen out of twenty fail to provide for their own old age, or for their families. The little son of Mr. and Mrs. Andy Baldwin suffered severe In jury to his hand Monday when he GREEN'S FEED STORE HEPPNER We are now equipped to Steam Roll Grain and Dry Treat Rave COPPEB CARBONATE FOB BALD Will take SHEEP PELTS in ohanga for merchandise. THOMSON BROS. DEALERS IN GENERAL MERCHANDISE The Fight Is Still On Yes, the fight is still on to balance our state budget. It's a real task but balancing the Home Budget is a very simple matter when you have such real values at your Home-Owned Affiliated Buyers Store, right in your neighborhood. Drop In and get acquainted with quality foods at lowest prices. HERE ARE A FEW OF OCR MANY SATURDAY AND MON DAY BARGAINS FOR CASH CUSTOMERS Saturday, February, 11 Monday, February 13 HOMINY Salt and Pepper 2's. Van Camp's fancy SHAKERS Indiana bleached Stlckney & Poors. A set of 2 C ' 1 Hf Crystai White ne"-t Salt and all XUls Pepper Shakers tilled ready for use. Will not corrode or tarnish SAUERKRAUT Qet 9C II-D 2V4's. Fancy Silver Thread f "llf purex Lan 11C The master bleacher and water softener. Quart size. PEANUT BUTTER O for 25c H-D Brand. Full 2-lb. No-Waste Jar. The very finest quality PINEAPPLE Jar 24C Solar Brand. 2H's. Rich, ripe slices, slightly broken. PEAS 2 for ...29c Rodman 2's. Tender sweet petit pois LESLIE'S SALT Van JSUC 2 pounds full weight, plain or Iodized ' COFFEE . Carton 9C Affiliated Buyers l's. A rich, mellow blend. A big 5c Sugar PALMOLIVE SOAP Stick with each pound. . . . cwm "le new lw price Pound 27c 3 for , ; 19c M ALLELE AF MATCHES rLUUiv Economy Brand. Quality 49-lb. bag matches for less Bag 85C 6 Packages . . . 25c FRESH FRUITS and VEGETABLE SPECIALS OrUNGESstlreS 33c POTATOES to.8; Slr Sack 90c GRAPEFRUIT 32fit 4 for 16c Headquarters for V MONARCH Canned Foods. HUSTON'S GROCERY 35 I got that member into the electric wringer. The family wasning being hung on tns line Dy jrn. Baldwin, when the baby in some manner started up the wringer and his hand was caught, the flesh be ing ground from the fingers and honH hfnra relief came. The in juries were cared for by a physi cian, Carl Wehmeyer, on furlough. Is visiting his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Fred Wehmeyer, in this city. He has been away for the past year or more while serving in Uncle Sam's navy. Mr. and, Mrs. E. N. Crouch of Portland have taken rooms at the Jones apartments. , Mir. Crouch is representing the Federal Reserve bank in Heppner. Born To. Rev. and Mrs. Glen. P. White, at thedr home in this city this morning, a son. Mother and baby are reported to be doing well. The Gazette Times' Printing Ser vice Is complete. Try It I0NE CASH MARKET Fresh and Cured MEATS Butterfat, Turkeys, Chickens bought for SWIFT & CO. . Phone us for market prices at all times. Phone 82 IONE, ORE. i neppner