e IndtmvB
Memorial B
ir Fainting by fort Bocfinei; 1833,
By EDITHA L. WATSON
HE little town of Ignaclo,
on the t'te reservation In
southern Colorado, Is astir.
It is May 24, the anniver
sary of the burial of Ou
ray. Peneath a simple
cement headstone, made
by the hands of the In
diana themselves, lies their
last great chief. Ever since
his body was removed to
this grave In 1925, Utes from all the
bands In Colorado aad Utah have gath
ered yearly to honor him with memo
rial rites.
It Is hard to tell whether this Is a
custom patterned after the white man's
Memorial day or not. It Is true that
only six days later, we who read
these lines will pay tribute to our
dead. There will be parades and
' speeches, and flowers and flags will
deck the resting places of our Midler
and sailor departed, while elsewhere
in the cemeteries wreaths and bou
quets will symbolize our tender recol
lections of klnfolk and close friends.
There are few communities In our
country which have no sort of surv
ives. On this day, from coast to coast,
the American people give special
thought to those who have entered upon
the Great Adventure. But If the
ghosts of those other folk who lived
here before us look back and see us,
they understand what we are doing,
for once, long ago, the red-skinned
people held their day of remembrance,
too. It was not always on the same
date, across all the country. Some
times It was twice a year; sometimes
many years elapsed between the days
set apart for the dead, according to
the tribes which observed the custom.
But none the less the Indians before
us, in their own wa.", which was some
times very much like ours, honored
their beloved dead.
The Pueblos call them "Those-who-have-gone-before."
To their minds the
next world Is very much like this,
hut the departed are closer to Those
Above, and may intercede for the liv
ing. They cjme back, also, not In the
luminous robes and with the trumpets
end slates of seance-spirits, but In the
persons of certain living tribesmen
who, when they have donned the gro
tesque masks of their ancertor-worshlp
.rites, seem to acquire something of
the power of those whom they are
representing. They come back, also.
In the quiet hours when their children
are Immersed In thought, and give
advice and counsel.
It is only fitting, then, that the Ilopl
should hold ceremonies In their honor,
when their representations walk
through the villages and hear the sup
plications of their living children. It
Js a queer sort of Memorial day, true,
tut It Is conducted with real reverence
and love, and who can ak more?
What a beautiful faith this Is, which
does not ndrnit of death separating the
living and the dead, and which holds
these symbolic "family reunions" In
token of that faith.
Even with this belief, however, It
is Impossible for loving hearts not
to grieve at the loss of dear ones.
Thus we hear Ilopl walling on the
anniversary of a death, and If there
lias been an epidemic which took a
number of the tribe, an official anni
versary Is fixed, and observed with
Borrow year after year.
So, too, the New Fire ceremony sees
the Zutil matron, dressed as If to meet
beloved friends, weeping softly to her
Pelf as she casts food Into the fire
on her hearth. This food Is for the
ancestors and for those who died In
the past year, but If we could see Into
her heart we would surely find some
beloved one enshrined there, of whom
she thinks especially as she makes her
offering.
The first anniversary of a death was
the one most widely observed. Then
the widow could put olT her mourning,
and the bereaved family could take up
every-day life again. The official time
of sorrow wus passed at the end of
this year. Hut who, be he Indian or
white, can say to the mourner, "Do
not weep longer; do not grieve fur
ther"? The sorrow of death makes a
lasting Impression on the heart, which
cannot be erased at the end of a year.
Anniversaries come as naturully as
the seasons themselves. Full comes,
, nod those who are left behind remem
ber that at the Oroen Corn feasts their
loved ones were merry Thus, the
1 - 'J
(After Psmtfrf by
Tunica guardians. of the cemeteries
reminded those who had corn and
beans that the time had come to offer
them, and the people gladly gathered
parts of their harvest and placed them
on the graves.
If, as the Indians believed, the next
world Is so much like this, why should
not the departed spirits return on
these anniversaries to partake of the
spiritual essence of the food and min
gle a little while with those beloved
ones who had not yet Joined them?
Pere Sebastlen Rasles, who wrote an
account of the Illinois tribe long ago,
ske of their holding dances that
were "a token of their sadness at the
death of the most Important men of
their tribe. It is by these dances that
they profess to honor the deceased,
and to wipe away the tears of his
relatives?" During these dances, It
was thought, the spirits of the de
parted ones came and danced also,
enjoying themselves as they had once
done In the flesh.
Here we find again the great un
likeness of thought between white muo
and Indian. Standing between the
graves, placing flowers on them, listen
ing to the prayers and speeches which
seek to recall the dead to us, we would
shudder at the Idea that they stood by
us. admiring the flowers and hearing
with appreciation their eulogies! Vet
the Illinlwak found only pleasure In
this thought, as If sme dearly-loved
ones hud returned from a Journey to
be among them, and the fact that they
were invisible did not make them fear
some or less welcome to the feast In
their honor.
Indian burial mounds were not for
gotten by their' tribesmen, even though
they moved far from the place where
their people were Interred. No less a
person than Thomas Jefferson, speak
ing of a mound near Moiitlcello, re
lated that "a party passing, about
thirty years ago, through the part of
the country where this burrow Is, went
through the woods directly to it, with
out any Instructions or Inquiry, and
having staid about It some time, with
expressions which were construed to
be those of sorrow, they returned to
the high road."
The Oneida often visited a mound
near Itlchfleld Springs, N. Y., saying
that It was the burial plane of one
of their thief men. The old chron
iclers omitted to state whether these
visits were performd with any me
morial ceremonies, but Judging from
what we have learned of other tribes,
we believe that there must have been
something of the sort.
A strange Sioux memorial custom
was that of "keeping the ghost," A
lock of hair from the bead of the de
ceased person wus made Into a roll
with cloth and various articles of
value. This was kept for a year or
so, and other presents collected, when
the friends of the dead person assem
bled to hold ceremonies. At this time
the gifts, together with small pieces
of the lock of hair, were distributed.
This ceremony was sometimes re
peated. Another memorial observance which
corresponds slightly to our custom of
erecting headstones over the dead,
was that described by Adair us fol
lows: "To perpetuate the memory of
any remarkable warriors killed in the
woods, I must here observe that every
Indian truveler as he passes that way
throws a stone on the place. , . ,
In the woods we often see Innumerable
heaps of small stories In those places,
where, according to tradition, some of
their disgruntled people were either
killed or burled," Kaoh heap Is In
creased, he goes on to say, as a last
ing monument In their honor.
No discussion of Indian memorial
observances would be complete with
out a description of the strange cus-
HHiaaaaMHHHBHMM I 13 l I II IV I 1 : k m - v
X
Cat. J- lastman )
toms of the Asslnlboln, Mandart, and
some other tribes: -These
peoplt did not Inter their
dead, but placed them on scaffolds
or in trees. Ia time the bones of the
deceased were all that was left, and
these, perhaps, fell on the ground as
the scaffolds or platforms, weather
beaten and old, gave way. The rela
tives gathered and burled the bones,
all but the skulls, and these they
placed "in a circle In the plain," says
Father De Smet, speaking of tht As
slnlboln, "with the faces turned
toward the center. They preserve
these with care. . . . The Indians call
the cemetery the village of the dead.
They visit It at certain seasons of
the year, to converse affectionately
with their deceased relatives and
friends."
Many travelers of the early days
have observed and commented on
these circles of skulls, and wt are
given pictures of them In many of the
old volumes. It Is only natural that
such a strange custom should be mis
understood. Some of those early ob
servers did not realize what real af
fection prompted the preservation of
these relics of, the dead, and hence
we read the scornful note that "sev
eral skulls were kicking about on the
ground."
Catlln observed this same custom
among the Mandan. anil goen on to
tell us that each skull was placed on
a bunch of wild sasre, which was re
newed as often as necessary. 'There
Is scarcely an hour In a pleasant day,
but more or less of these women may
be seen sitting or laying by the
skull of their child or husband, talk
Ing to It In the most pleasant and en
dearing language that they can use
(as they were wont to do In former
days) and seemingly getting an an
swer back."
This custom may seem a revolting
one to us, but to the Indians It wns a
natural and common observance. In
deed, to the white men who knew
these people well, their strange Ideas
grew less fantastic, and Catlln .re
marked, as he rioted the Mandan wom
en "visiting" with the skulls of their
loved ones, "There Is something ex
ceedingly Interesting and Impressive
In these scenes," Indeed, they recall
to us the famous vault under tln
Capuchin convent, where the bones
of monks who have died are used to
make patterns on the walls, and the
skulls stand In rows. Travelers have
remarked that the monks who showed
them these strange designs appeared
to know many of the skulls, and could
relate their names and something of
their histories. It was noteworthy,
also, that they had no horror of the
grim vault, but looked forward serene
ly to their own time of departing,
when their skulls also would help to
decorate the walls, and some later
brother of the order would name them
and tell their stories.
Bo It Is with the Indians. Not all
of them, of course, regarded death
without dread, but surely those of
whom we have been resiling did not
recoil at the unavoidable step, Trim
to their beliefs, they went out brave
y. The "Happy Hunting Crntinds" of
the Plains people beckoned; the l'n
derworld of the Pueblos waited for
their return. Anil they believed with
firm conviction that they would know
about the memorial ceremonies, and
be able to share, with the beloved liv
ing. In the rites.
Whether we agree with them or not
It wns a pleasant sort of faith. And
although our own beliefs have gone In
a far different direction from theirs,
Hornetlmes, still we unite once a year
to recall the virtues and to honor the
memories of Those-who have-gone be
fore.
( by WeiUrn NewipmicT Uulun.)
WORLD
WAR
YARNS
by Lieut. Frank E. Hagan
"Verdun," an Army Mule
Down at Fort Sam Houston lit Tex
ns there's a longearcd quadruped who
Is the most aristocratic mule In the
I'nitcd Slates army. No one claims
for her a royal ancestry, hut If you
should cast any relied Ions upon her
for that In the presence of any mem
ber of the Fifteenth field artillery,
you'd probably have a light on your
hands. For "Verdun" Is the official
mascot of the Fifteenth, and thowe
cannoneers take us much pride In tier
live gold stripes for service lu France
as any decoration which any member
of the regiment wears.
It wouldn't be strictly accurate to
say that "Verdun" llrst saw the light
of day on the morning of April Itt.
I IMS, although she was born on that
date on the slopes of Verdun Just a
short time after her mother hud fin
ished hauling ammunition for Itnttery
V. of the Fifteenth, which was then
part of the Second division. What she
did see at three o'clock In the morning
when she arrived on earth was the
Hash of bursting shells when the ar
tillery din was was at Its height
Truly a noisy welcome for a baby, but
"Verdun" lived through It and I few
du)S later when the batlery marched
ten miles alio went with It "under her
own power." lUfore she was a month
old she hud hiked 'M miles In two days
ami she accompanied the battery dur
Ing every major offensive In which
the Second participated. After the
Armistice, she marched another hun
dred miles to the (thine and spent
some time In Cermuny with the Artnj
of Occupation.
When the welcome news came to the
Fifteenth, "we're going home," the
presence of "Verdun" was something
of a problem. For the quartermaster
had put it ban on mascots of all kinds,
even the regimental mascot. Hut
somehow or other she gol board the
transport Julia Luikeitbach, and al
though, officially. "Verdun" was A. W.
0. L. when the regiment left (lermsiiy,
yet, strange to say, when the Julia
1. uckeiihach diK-ked "Verdun" whs
discovered In quarantine on this side
of the Atlantic. Then, of course, it
was too late to send her back to
France.. So she went with Battery B
to Fort Sam Houston, then known as
Camp Travis, and there she Is today
under the watchful care of her "god
father," First Sergeant Anthony D.
Cone, who has been with Itnttery K
since Its organization.
No Armistice for Toil
While millions of persons celebrated
two Armistices, one of them a fake
which preceded the genuine article of
November 11, there were s few some
of them In the army In France, who
knew nothing of the momentous event
when It actually occurred.
One of these was a dusky soldier
who had long iigo surrendered his
SprluMt ld for s pick and shovel This
man had been assigned to one out 111
then another until November II. 1!MS
found him linn) hi work with a irn'in
of pioneer, repairing hel lorn roml
nnd breaking sloiics nurih f Mnl
fa ii ci in.
Eleven o'clock of Aroilsilce da
mine and the bin gain l both sile
stopped llielr shell Mpiltl'ig HI one mi
other 1'ilt Kl III the pioneers tolled on
Came an olhYcr from the hark areas
bound wlih a noticeable Inereasf of
enthusiasm for Hie front lines It
halted the motor cycle to which hi
side car was attached and looked
down at the toil'ng pioneer.
"Say, soldier." called the oflicer
cheerily. "The Armistice Is signed
The fighting Is over."
The black man In khaki looked over
his shoulder, a sledge hammer pulsed
In air. "I ain't had no orders lo cease
firing," he said as ho definitely re
sumed his task.
"Dovetails"
Everybody knows that "shavetails
were fresh (o, very!) young Ifeuteri
ants. That name is a heritage from
the regular army where newly-commls
sioned officers, fresh (o, veryl) from
West Point were likened to young
mules whose first experience In the
army was to have their tails shaved
except for the brush at the end. Hut
what were "dovetails"? l-et this page
one Item In (he Stars and Stripes. A
R. F. newspaper, for January 10,
1910, answer that question:
"Third lleutennnts, the latest thing
In uncommissioned ofllcers are be
ginning to make their appearance In
the replacement camps. They are the
men who finished the officers' training
schools ufter the 'no more commis
sions' order was Issued from Washing
ton. Since tfiey are supposed to fit In
somewhere between a buck and a see
ond loot, they rank as 'Dovetails.'
Moit of the men wear a black strljfv
on their sleeve which. It has been sug
gested. may be considered ns a dell
cute tribute lo the memory of the
too late Sam Ilrowne.
(?) I til, WmtTn Nw,r Union!
Ganiui
A mass of toinui ml- has grown up
iiroiiml this world What a lot of
faults are xciised in Its name, what
a loi ot credli it misappropriates. We
are not born lo success We mils!
earn ulmi we achieve Oetilus Is
iiro cih 'Ii nurd us e ciipio li) for hard
wort. ' '
The Boyhood
of Famous fly
Americans
Dr. William J. Mayo
The surgeons were getting ready
lo operate. The doctor administering
an anesthetic to
the pal lent felt
faint. A thirteen,
year old boy was
In the opuratlug
room. Ho stepped
boldly to the front,
took the place of
the sick physician,
and administered
the anesthetic un
der the directions
of the operating
surgeon, i tie iioy
w us William J,
Mayo, later to be
come world famous as a surgeon,
Matters of medicine and surgery
were familiar to the youngster even
lit the age of thirteen, Ills father
was Dr. William II. Mayo, one of I lie
best surgeons In the West. Ills ances
tors had been prominent In the pro
fession for generation In England,
from which bis father came to this
country In 1st.",
Young Mayo bad ! -'en brought up
In (lie world of curing the Ills of man
kind. It wasn't unnatural that he
tviis able, miller the circumstances, to
crve as an assistant at an operation
when he was only thirteen, lit first
latlelit recoveriM. Since then he has
ii red thousand by t'.ie 'kill of his
surgery.
The youngster had early ambitions
to he a stiiKccoach driver. He win
tiom In l.e Seiir, Minn., In 1M11. but
Ills father moved to lim liestcr, In the
4iime state, when William was two
ears old. Mlunesotii was In the Wild
West of those days. There were few
lihwiiys running across the rolling
prairies. Indians roumed the plains.
Many of the pioneers lived In rrudn
mi huts.
Stagecoach driver were heroes to
the boys In Rochester. They were
rough characters, hut the glamor of
adventure hung over them In the eyes
f young Will and hi playmnte.
l'bey dashed Into the town, pulling
up foam flecked horse with a flourish
that was highly Impressive In Juve
nile eye. They were a link with the
treat world outside the little pralrls
settlement.
Hut like most of us, who In our
fouth dream of becoming firemen, po
licemen, engineers, cowboys or stage-
onch drivers young Mayo's ambition
was scon directed Into other channels.
Illf father's practice covered win of
the southern purt of the state. The
noy often accompnnlcd him on visit
to patients far out on the lonely
prairie.
The youngster saw Indians living In
wigwam while on such trip. He held
the horses when his father made rnlU
lo the sod huts of the homesteaders.
occasionally assisting In the setting of
t broken limb, lie witnessed suffering
and fortitude.
Ills environment tended to direct
lilui toward the study of medicine, lis
made tip bis mind when he was In
high school to follow In the footsteps
of his father and so many of bis an
:estor. After being graduated from
the high school In Rochester he at
tended Nile academy. From there he
went to the University of Michigan.
lie was graduated In medicine In I'M
lie had hardly returned to the old-
fashioned home, which his father had
built In Rochester and In which lis
spent his boyhood, than be had an
upport unity to show the benefits of till
training. A tornado, one of those
wind storms so dreaded In the flat
prairie country, struck Rochester and
wrecked part of the village.
Ills father turned hi home Into a
hospital. The elder Mayo, the newly
aide Dr. William Mayo and bis broth
er, Charles H. Mayo, then a medical
student, treated the Injured. The sons
assisted their father In several emer
gency operations.
Dr. William J. Mayo made nn ex
cellent record In college. So did his
brother. I'.oth learned medicine as
lliey grew up. Doctor Will worked In
s drug store during his vacations.
Doctor Charles did likewise. Further
more they had the direct benefit of
the deep knowledge and wide expert
ence of their father.
They bad a good microscope when
they were In high school. Their fa
ther bought It specially for them and
taught them Its use. They studied
with It many winter nights when a
lillzzaril roared outside the comfort
able home of the Mnyos. Such train
Ing and advantage were most helpful
when It came time for them to take
up seriously the study of their chosen
profession.
The first real practical experience
Dr. William J. Mayo had as a pruc
tlelng physician In Rochester Indl
rectly brought about the establish
merit of the world famous Mayo clinic,
Rochester was without a hospital, The
need for bucIi an Institution was em
phaslzed after the tornado had left
ilcatli and suffering In Its wakn,
The Sisters of St. Francis, who had
served as nurses for the Mayo when
they were administering to the needs
of the tornado victims, n greed lo In)
build a liiispll.il If the Mayos would
serve ns physicians and surgeons. Doc
tor Will's father donated the land. Tho
brut hers thus begun their work to
gether. Out of that early association
bus grown their own world-known In
stitution for the relief of suffering hu
manity. (. bjrTbe North Ainrririn Nrwupaper Afli.inrt.)
AFTER 40
bowel froubo
Constipation may very easily become
Chronic lifter forty. And any continued
constipation at that tune of life may
bring attacks of piles mid a host of
Oilier unpleusant disorder.
Wutch your bowels ut any e.
Guard them willituirlieulnrcMie alter
...!., U 1,.,,,.1'Hf iltv iii-nil unv drill.
remember doctor should know what
b best for them.
"Dr. Caldwell's Syrup Pepsin"
fj a dinhr't vrtntiptiun fur tltt tutt$.
Icmcii ly 4 years luucucr, u iiu
llll lull 111 I Ihoroiiifhlv rlTrrdve III
relieving constipation and its ills for
men, women ami rnuuicii oi uu ngr.
It has proven perfectly sula rven for
I, ,.!.,.. M l,i (mm firill laliltlVf?
herb, pure pepsin ami other luirmlrns
Inurvilienis, 11 ranilol asripc; win not
. L-,, v,.ii nr u.' iLimi vim: run be used
without harm as oltcn ns your breath
ISbail, or wncil your loniTnr wcumru,
ll V. Illinois. ItiMSV
condition warns of coustipulion.
Pa. W. B, Caiowiii'
SYRUP PEPSIN
A Dottorl family Laxatire
Couple's "Carrying On"
Not an Unmixed Evil
It was shortly after ltdy Aator
wns put on the spot for roasting th
socallcd "Itrltlsh peerage" that h
stated It s her opinion that F.ngland
wa too much tied up by moth eaten
conventions.
"Knglaiid I too prudish, both In
It government and lu It dully life.
Too touch convention bring dullnea.
I overheard a rather dignified man
say to hi wife:
"'Nelly. Just look at the way Mis
(1 I carrying on with that married
man. It's simply awful !'
"Ye. admitted hi young wife.
'hut what a blessing they are carry
ing on. It would be Intolerably dull
here without them.'"
SAVED HER LIFE !
Portland, Or.
"A few yrari
ago Dr. Picrct'a
doldtn Mtdaal
Discovery aavrd
my hie. I uught
a aevcre cukl
which arttlrd in
the bronchial
tutvi. I lad a
Cough which tot
ao bad tlut for
is wrrki f could nut lie down. I wat
'all in' pbyiicjlly, and brg-iu myself to
think there wat no help tor me, when
I was advitnl by one of my doclon
to take Dr. Pierce's Golden Medical
Discovery. This medicine to complete
ly relieved me of my trouble that I
have never had any return of it."
Mrs. Audrey Savin, 5516 3''th Ave,
S. P- DruugivK Fluid or tablets.
WflU lir. I-IotVi I llnl U ll.IT.ln.
H. V.. Mrloalnf wrapper trnm nrillrliw
u r"-l in MMiUkl arftlcw.
Duly YouBgiter
Floyd Foght, eighteen months old,
r ii used a lot of excitement In New
Orleans, La., recently. First, ho
wallowed a three Inch live goldfish
from the golilllsh bowl. He wa
hurried to a hospital and till life
saved. After he was brought back
lioine bu opened the birdcage and
tried to swallow the canary whole,
Ids mother getting to him Just In
time.
REGULAR
The modern Mis needs no "lima
out" for tho time of month.
If you've ever taken Bayer Aspirin
for a headache, you know how soon
the pain subsides. It is just ns effec
tive in the relief of those pains
peculiar to women!
Don't dcdicuto certain days of
every month to suffcrintt. It's old
fashioned. It's unnecessary. Aspirin
will always enable you to carry-on
In comfort. Take enough to assure
you complete comfort. If it is gcnuiite
aspirin it cannot possibly hin t you.
Mayer Aspirin does not depress the
heart. It does nothing but slop the
puin, so use it freely.
Headaches come at inconvenient
times. So do colds. Hut a little Itaycr
Aspirin will always save the day.
Neuralgia. Neuritis, lthciiinatism.
Pains that once kept people home ore
forgotten half tin hour after taking a
few of these remarkable tabids. So
ire the litllo mining- aches that
iring fulifiue and "nerves" by day
r n sleepless night.
Genuine llaycr Aspirin tablets
cost so very little after all, that it
doesn't pay to. experiment with
tmilalioiiHl
" "'Vl
Sip
-