BRJVTAWv
torn of th Great Stone
(Praparaa br th. National Oaom-aphUi
toclatjr, Wwhlngtoa. D. C.I
EVEN lo a eunttnent rich to re
pletion with Interest, Brittany,
the "pout" of the French "tea
pot," Is remark able for the
multiplicity of Its appeal One trav
eler may be engrossed to Ita ethnol
ogy; another la delighted by Its archi
tecture; a third is charmed with Its
medieval plcturesqueuess and quaint
costumes; fourth 'huts himself up
to dream over Its history and romance,
while a fifth sntljfles his soul to the
full with Its eminent alntablllty.
In any of these seductions, of
course, the province may be matched
r outmatched by other countries;
but it stands unrivaled as the land of
those strange megaliths the grandet
plerres or monuments celtlquee In
which a prehistoric race, people ap
parently of considerable civilization
and Intense religious feeling, seem to
have striven tltanlca:.y toward self
expression and to have left, after all,
great but almost unintelligible cry.
That, perhaps. Is the enduring emo
tion left with the visitor to the giant
dolmens and the vast allgnmenta of
llorblban. These were the work of
men agonizing to the end that they
and their dead shoqld never be for
gotten. And yet, who were they, and
what la It they have tried to bard
to say?
Assyria, chronologically stilt more re
mote from our era. Is as an open book
through the almost miraculous recov
ery of the key to the cuneiform In
scriptions; but these herculean tollers
of western Europe, transporting and
raining their hitire boulder monuments
on the wild Breton moors, seem mere
shadows In the nilsr, unable, because
they left no written Ungunge. to apeak
to OS across the centuries.
And yet, throuct) patience In In
vestigation and skill In Interpretation
amounting to genius. few eager
workers, especially the little group
connected with the SI usee Mlln. at
Carnac ('O miles west of Redon). have
begun to explain these monument
builders to as.
Nowhere In the world could a spe
cialist have found greater wealth oi
this peculiar archeologlc material than
lay around M. Zacharle Le Routlc
and the man to whom be affection
ately refers as hie "regretted master,
air. J. allln." In Morblhao and Fin
latere. . Many Monumtnte About Carnac
Almost every commune In Brittany
baa one or two Celtic monuments
Indeed, they are found, sometimes In
very fine examples, throughout west
ern Trance, But grouix-d about Car
cac, within a radius of seven miles,
there are nearly 3"). even counting
the hundreds of menhirs In each of
the great alignments as a single unit.
IJlln'l results, gathered In the
museum bearing his name, have been
and are atlll being continuously ex
tended and enriched by hla eucressor,
and the following summary la based
largely on their deductions.
This region. It appears, was a sort
f Mecca, or peculiarly holy ground,
to which the remains of heroes and
leaders were brought for entombment,
to which the faithful flocked lo pil
grimages, and In which the great re
ligious ceemnnles were held.
Carnac was probably to the western
continent of Europe what Ktonehenge
was to the British Isles. There Is at
that place. In fnct, a focus and con
centration of the im gullible works
left by the Celtic forerunners In their
prehistoric migration which, starting
In Asia, moved across northern Africa,
over Mediterranean waters Into Spuln,
and along the shores of the Atlnntlc,
constantly striving wtmwnrd to And
tlit resting place of their god. the
lun. but ever bullied I t the linpniwiihte
ocean, and so forced northward until
the effort died out In H'-aiHllna vIh.
In their long sojourn nenr these
shores, covering at Iobhi 2.i0 years,
they became Increasingly an agrlcul
turul people. The eiiiti and Im
plements pluced In tho eepulcher lose
their rough but serviceable chnrucler
and appear In polished but merely
votive forms, often Ir. soft or valu
able stone. A few attempts at earr
ing (ns In the dolmen of the Table of
the Merrhatiti and the tumulus of
Mune-er-H'roeck, at Locmnrlniiier)
tiave antislled the most ru refill Inves
tigators that some use, at least, of
Iron or, at all events of tnetul bad
begun.
Most Important Types.
Nine types and several subtypes of
these monuments have been defined, of
Which the most Importuiil are; the
Near Carnac
menhir, or "long stones' sot on end;
the dolmen, or nousellke structurea,
with atone slabs or boulders for walla
and roof; and the tumulus, or mound.
Atlgnmenta are grout of menhirs ar
ranged In line or In several parallel
lines. Cromlechs are groups of men
hirs standing In a circle or an are
of a circle, more rurely a square,
usually terminating an alignment or
surrounding a tumulus. The dimen
sions are sometimes Incredible.
The Great Menhir near Locmaria
quer, now thrown down and broken
(probably by an earthquake), was
nearly TO feet high and weighed tome
STS tons.
Some of the dolmens have a height
of IS to 20 feet, with roof slubs 20
by 35 feet In area and several feet
thick. Baring-Gould Indeed mentions
one near Neves (Flnlstere) "whose
capstone measures 45 feet In length
and 27 feet In breadth and 0 feet thick."
The alignments of Carnac, In 10 to
13 parallel rows, stretch across the
country for nearly live miles. The
tumulus of Mont St Michel looks' like
a natural knoll, dwarfing the modern
chapel which crowns It It Is hard to
realize that It was heaped by human
bands. '
All menhirs, cromlechs, and align
ments were from their beginning open
to the sky. Dolmens and similar con
structions were all originally covered
by tumuli, since removed. In many
cases. In the course of farming or
building operations.
The tumuli were . Indeed simply
tombs, of w hich the dolmens and "cov
ered alleye" were tbi crypts. In some
the great quantity of skeletal remains,
earth-buried or Incinerated, would In
dicate collective sepnlture. In other
cases, the greater or central dolmen
has been found surrounded by smaller
dolmens or stone coffers containing
the bones of animals and human be
ings, the latter probably slaves or
servitors, all slnln to accompany their
master Into another world. Indicating
a definite belief In a future life. With
these have been found stone Imple
ments (celts or hatchets), arrow
points rnd tools of various kinds,
fragments of pottery, pendants and
beads of turquoise and other semi
precious atones, and amulets of baked
clay.
Isolated menhirs hove yielded little
or nothing Indicative of use as monu
ments for Individual tombs. Tbey
seem to bave been generally com
memorative. Indicators of roods and
territorial boundaries, and "symbolic
of an Immortal god."
Scheme of Orientation.
The allgnmenta, on the other hand,
appear to have been designed as open
air temples, each group (with Its
cromlech, placed always at the west
ern end of the lines) having been
erected on a tingle comprehensive
plan and at one time. Tbey are the
remalna of huge religious monuments,
the alleys between the parallel filet
of stones being the aisles In which the
devotee gathered snd moved, and the
cromlech the holy of holies In which
the priests performed their rites.
They have a curious general char
arteriole In that the tallest menhirs
are always placed nearest the crom
lech, the lines diminishing In height
from west to east.
Most Interesting of all, however. Is
an apparently - definite scheme of
orlentutlon, which tends to prove that.
In addition to their ritual use, or per-
imps as part of It, these Impressive
Dies of nionolltlis served t peculiar
purpe. JIM, Henri de t'leurJou nnd
P. (iaillard havt pointed out that hi
each group of alignments will be found
a single very large menhir the "giant"
of the group so pluced In one of the
outer flies that If cue stands at a
given point In the 'romlech he will
tee the sun rise over the glnnt ut a
specific dull! In the nx.ronomlriil ywir.
Tim orientation, lie It understood.
Is not exact at the present date. Cal
culation made Independently by two
amroiioiiieni reach Hi same result
that It was correct at a period uhout
I. i'i'Kl years before I be beginning of
the Christian era. This curious testi
mony to tlie age of Hie monument
agree with coiiclu.oVn reuched on
other grounds by M. I. Itouzlc, plac
ing only the earliest of the megullthlc
structures prior to K) II. C.; the
greutest development of dolmen build
ing snd the erection of the align
ments and cromlechs between 20X)
II. C and 4xi B. C, and the latest
work, expressed by small gullerle and
stone coffers, In the First century be
fore the CUrlstUo Kra,
FLASH
The Lead Dog
George Marsh
THE PENN PUBLISHING CO.
V.N.U. SERVICE
CHAPTER XIV Continued
. C9
At the galloping dog team swung
through the gluam down to the river
trail, the flumes of (he burning edition
er turned uer masts Into flngori of fire
thrust upright Into the wall of black
ness. Arouud her turning hulk dark
shapes ran helplessly to and fro. Then
they left her to her fute as the flames,
bursting through the windows or She
cabin, drew them back to save their
provisions and ,ur.
On went the dog team Into the south,
bound for the Big Yellow-Leg while
the hearts of two boys beut high with
pride and happiness. Sine the freez
ing moon when the men of "lied" Mac
beth baa started to bunt them from
the Yellow-Leg, they had traveled t
long trail. And now they had won
found the father whom the loyal Gas
pard could Dot put from hla heart.
Beftr turning the Brat bend, the
dog team stopped.
Lighting the river shores, schooner
tnd cabin tent red flames high Into
the si (other ot murk. Selling the
band of bis partner, tiaapard said, as
his eyes measured the completeness
of bis revenge on the men who had
taken him from bit father, "Wat,
Brock, I t'Ink dat M'sleu' Macbeth ,s
ver sad dls night dat be try to run
two little boy out of de Yellow Leg
countree."
"lie II be lucky not to starve this
spring," laughed Brock.
"He not starve ; be Las beeg cache,"
dded I lerre, "but te loae de fur and
tuff In tli ahack."
When th leuin stopped, later, to
soil the kettle and rest the dogs, I'lerre
told them bis story.
Ambushed one day, th previous
March, b bad received shot shut
tering hi ankle, and In the knife light
following the rush by I lire Indian
tad been badly slushed across the fait.
Brought, half-dead, on sled to Mac
Will's quarters, I'lerre bad later am
pututed his owo foot, and not until au
jtunm bad be regained bla strength.
Ills knowledge of fur and ability to
handle ludluua bad been put to vulu
lble use by the free-trader, who bad
lot treated hi in badly. For this re
ion. alone, be hud not killed them
n their sleep, but wss walling for
spring, to steal cuno and follow the
roast home. But bla boy, Instead, bud
come tor hi in. And the shuttered I'l
err LecroU glanced proudly at tut
boy who stood by tb On with misted
tye-
It wss Ma;, called by the frees the
"Muting Mono" of the birds. To the
south, lo the lend of the ojlbwus. It
wss th "Moon of Flowers." Long
luce, the black-tipped wings ot the
inowy geese had Slashed overhead on
the long flight to the arctic Island
Already lb. gray Canudua were nest
ing In thi muskeg pouds back of Hun
gry House, and th llttl brothers ol
th air, duck and snipe and plover,
guarding their eggs on lonely backw
ten.
The grinding Ice had plunged and
rhurned pust to th bsy. HI ver bll
lows snd alder were reddening and the
roeng gn thrusting green from the
post clearing where hutklea sprawled
In the warm aun. But there whs an
air of unrest at the bouse ot Angus
McCain. I 'ally. mother, anxious ol
face, talked nervously wltb the grave
factor and bla head inan, of the ab
sent I'eterboru. which hud, the August
before, started for the unknown Vel
lowing.
Ten day overdue, there was bnrdly
a moment of t lie lengthening days
when some on at Hungry House wu
not searching the river where It forked
t th delta Islunds for the block
speck of moving canoe, and the flush
of dripping puddles.
"I'm worried. Angus. I don't want
Antolne .o wult another duy," suld
Mrs. McCain, one morning. "They may
have been tmuahed up In th rapid
lost their food. I wish you'd send
him and Haul tomorrow."
"Yea, Mother, answered the aotiei
Angus, picking up hi telescope and
starting across the fuel or s plot, guard
ed by dog r tockude, on his wuy to the
high shore.
In t half hour he returned.
"Nothing In sight)" demanded bis
wife.
"No," and McCain went to the trade
house to lulk with his head man. The
two were getting together an outfit
which would take Hie search through
to the Yellow ing .lendwntert when a
black bend thrust through th trad,
bonne door.
"Cano comin' at de IslunT an
nounced Haul.
"The boys I" cried Angus McCain and
be rurrled to his houae lo tell the wor
rled mother of Hrork; then Joined An
tolne and Haul on the high hor above
the swollen river.
Wher the river spill Into three
channels st the delta ll mils, a black
spot movely slowly upstream close to
th main shor. focusing his small
telescope, for a spaco McCuIn the
handed It to Antolne,
"I can't make It out yet, but then
seem to he more thiiu two In Ihn boat."
"Ah-hiili I Three four pntldlo, I
t'Ink," answered tlio hulfhreed,
"If the I'etcrboro)"
"h-hnhl Ket ees no bnrk enno',"
Mrs. McCain Joined the little group
of men, women and children in the
cliff shore, watching the approaching
boat.
"You're sure, Angus there's no mis
take? It'b not Indiiinst'
"It's the boy for sure, mother," nnd
the relieved trader putted the shoulder
of the anxious mother.
,"Kuur paddles, derel" announced
Antolne, handing the glass to his chief.
"Thcre're no Indians wintering up
the count who In thunder have they
picked up?"
For au hour the canoe bucked the
drive of the current, hugging the shore
for the easier going there. They were
leas than a mile distant when so in
one shouted: "There are the dogs I"
On the beach, three huskies kept
abreast of the cano.
"There Brock In the bowl" cried
Angus Met 'ii I ii aa the cruft approached
the poat. "I'd know his shoulder, any.
where; and (iuapard's steering herl"
Closer came the wanderer, and th
little group of excited people on th
high shor ran to the beach below to
welcome those who had returned from
the ruthless maw of th Yellow-Leg
wilderness.
"Brock I" called his mother, waving
her whit apron, her eyes blinded with
tear. "Brocklel Brockle!" yelled In
chorus two young brothers and sis
ter, leaping Ilk rabbits lu their excite
ment snd Joy.
"(iiispatd I Ha way, Gnspard I"
shouted the halflireeds, ss the bow and
stern men stood grinning, waving their
paddlet at the shor.
Then, he waved bis irui at bis
bulking tuQ In th bow of th ap
proaching canoe, Angus McCain gasped
In smuzemenL "Antoiue, look I liaised
from the dead I Well-I ll be Hello I
Pierre. I'lerre Lecrulxt" shouted the
astounded trader, running out lulo the
water to meet the canoe.
Standing In water lo his kneea, An
gus McCain took his son In hit arm,
then passed hlL on to the mother wbo
waited.
"I'lerre I" Tbe Lands of Frenchman
sud fuel or met In a lng gi-tp. "Man,
I'm glud to see you I We hud given
you upl"
lliin McCain aaw the crippled leg.
I'lerr Lecrolx swung himself from
enne to beach, then standing sur
rounded by th excited group, SMld
proudly, he rested a buud or lh
shoulder of hi son:
"Tru d long mows, des boys her
were hunted by 'Bed Miicbelb. and
twenty men. ley want de Yellow U-g
country for dcmself. IMd Unspard and
Brock run home? No, In Murch dey
hunt Macbeth clear to de coast"
The silent audience, Indian and
white, INtened breuthleuly aa the
scarred French man went on: "At de
inoul' ut de Carcajou, dey find schoon
er ant, Murhe Ill's camp. In de tilM
I see de sky red wld tire of burning
ship and shuck and dey tak' me
borne."
I'lerre Lecrolx, choking wltb emo
.ion, then finished:
"Dcse boy here. Brock and flaiard.
dJ den I'lugs!"
With t ;beer from the crowd, tbe
turned voyugeur were led lu th post
clearing wher th red emblem of th
greut company, blazoned wltb the
whit) letter II. II. C was hoisted
Then ss Brock and (iaspsrd flood grin
nlng it th honor about to be con
ferred, from th fool of the Aug pole
crashed a volley from dozen rl flew
With in arm about ih mot bet who
smiled beside him. snd a hand on I lie
uiusslv skull of the great gray and
whit husky nuzzling his sleeve. Brock
said to (lajpnrd. "lo we hunt the Yel
low-Leg next long snows, partner)"
Gaipurd' hluck eyea snupped aa he
gave Brock his answer: "Io da bird
come back In de anreengr
ITIIE END.)
Willi Evidently Had
Heard of That Breed
Willie's mother was entertaining th
members of her bridge club, snd Wil
li hud been Instructed as usual aa to
conduct, etc.. In the present of tbe
visitor.
Th guests arrived singly and In
pairs, and with euch ringing of th
doorbell Willie would run to the door
ro "afslst" hi mother In receiving.
Between time he showed much In
terest In the mald'a preparation of tea
and th dainties that were to he
served.
All Ihe guests had arrived save on,
and the ladle were all tented around
the room waiting- Finally the dila
tory one arrived, bringing with her
In her arm a small Chow dog. Willi
took charge of the dtg and Hie party
got under way.
Right In the midst of a silence un
usual for t women's afternoon bridge
party, Willie appeared In Hie room
lending the dog.
"Mother." shouted Ihe youngster, "It
this dog ten hound?" Philadelphia
I'ubllr ledger.
They Knew
The woman orator was rnvlng and
ranting to an audience of men.
"Women." he hrleked, "at all
time have been the backbone ot all
nations. Who wn Ihe world' great
est hero) Helen of Troy I Who was
the world' grentesl martyr) Joan ol
Arcl Who wat Ihe world's greatest
ruler) Who. I tay, was Ihe world's
greatest ruler)"
And simultaneously Mint entire
crowd of men nrose and answered lo
tie voice, "My wife '"-London Tld
Bit.
Fear Lotet Power When
Confronted by Faith
"Kimr It the common heritage of till
thinking creatures," says Dr. William
8. Hailler 111 Collier' Weekly. "It U
otie of the ten or twelve basic human
motions emotion which we shnra
niore or less with the animal world.
"When you have once booomo a
victim ot fear In any dnmuln of your
life, faith la the only known remedy.
Common sense, reason nnd good Judg
ment nil enter Into It, but the real,
the di'tlnlte nnd positive euro, the
one which doe the bustneas, Is the ex
ercise of faith.
"Modern civilization hat largely
eliminated the (lunger which beset
our ancestors, but It has not termi
nated 'his Inherent four tendency. To
day, not having tha dangers of our
ancestors to four and avoid, we are
prone to dig up sensations and feel
ings In our own bodies to accotmno
ditto our Imaginary fears."
Could "Improve" Tsnnyiosi
The present Lord Tennyson, grand
ton of the turnout poet. It becoming
one of the moat popular cricket play
ers lu England. Since he has ceased
to be known aa the Hon. Lionel Ten
nyson he haa had many reminders
of his distinguished grand parent. He
recently received the following letter
from a woman: "In honor of your
visit and your vigorous batting, I
bave purchased a volume of your
poems, which I think are exceedingly
good, but I'd Ilk to meet you per
sonally and point out one or two part
that I think you could really Improve."
Painty white dresses for baby or
daughter made beautiful by Buss Ball
Blue, Your Grocer hat It. Adv.
What Would Be the Price T
Scottish Constable What I Due ye
suggest that I would tak' a bribe) Dae
y Insult me, sir)
The Erring One Oh, excuse m. I
Constable lilt now, stippoaln' I
wit that kind o' nun, bow much wld
yt b Inclined to give)
Already Atteeded Te
"A fellow Just tuld me 1 look like
you I"
"Where It he) I'll punch hi bead!"
"I're punched bis head I" Stray
Stories.
It happens that a msn will regret
confessing mlstak longer than be
regrets th mlstak.
if
irir
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W. N. U, PORTLAND. NO. 31-1920.
Had Its Uses
"What'j the Idea of repainting that
cheap car) It ain't got even a motor
In It an' It won't run."
"Well, It'll look nice when I park
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Mighty Monarch o the Air
TUNE IN...
MalOTtk TWra of th Air evw CdumM
Ml Afnf44.n Hrf4lrMf n 9rttin.vf t
Suobr mM, lo 10 taltr. l.l.,ht
BfiviA Tun. HnkflUMra ufj Uw Su.1 w4
Vrotm.
fotlflQ? tVwrtloa .1,4
four tun itMl of r4io rrqun.y. Ab.
ntut.ly no hum nd ho awiiiaf tm .1 mnf
W.v.lm.ili.AutuMtffnfMtivMycfAtrt4
uniform rant? na poww .11 mm th
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ear
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