THE GAZETTE-TIMES. IIEITXER, OREGON, THURSDAY. JUNE 29. 1922
Experiment Station VL-itcd.
.7 l'u.',,!l an acr, or the equivalent . S. Pfpurti",? nt of Agriculture and the j
tuo ar.d one-hau years of crp on I Civon Agricultural co;;tre. A st.ttisu- j
n er to tht of tr. best, ar.d the results
ere ptud.ed carrfui'.y. But it is a'.to
yi thrr too much of fc job to teii of this
t'Tt paper. Tr.e farmer who wer not
thera this year wiil hava to go next
and set and study for themselves, and
ail those thera on this trip ahouid to
back ajtain. The moisture experiments,
tht fie d peas and the farm machinery,
at veil at the farm iandt of Sherman
county have to b seen to be apprecia
ted. Tha afternoon of Saturday was apent
in tha shade of the laboratory building,
eating doughnuts and drinking lemon
ada while listening to as interesting lec
ture by Mr. Stephens on tha work, pro
gress and findings of tha station. Those
who were so unfortunate as not to be
able to go over there can get tha prin
cipal points of this lecture by obtaining
from the Oregon Agricultural college
bulletin No. 10, "Wheat Growing After
Fallow in Eastern Orefon," by D. E
Stephens and G. R. Hyslop. This bul
letin it a good thing to ban if a far
mer is going to grow wheat
Howell's Farm.
After learing Wasco tha party, under
the leadership of County Agent Calkins,
visited the farm of Henry Howell, one
of tha largest and foremost farms of
Sherman county. Under the capable
management of Mr. Howell this farm
has been making an average yield of
better than forty bushels to tha acre
for the past three years. H has been
. farming this place for the last eighteen
years and the fields are in the best of
condition.
Several point of interest were dis
covered in Mr. Howell'a methods of
farming. First of all, the major oper
ations are done with large tractors;
two big 75-horsepower tracklayers being
used for this purpose. Ihese tractors
are not only maintained on this farm
but they are repaired there as well. Mr.
Howell is a skilled mechanic, and while
doing all of his repair work has devised
a number of rather scientific hitches for
pulling plows, drills, weeders, and com
bine.
Besides the machinery exhibit Mr.
Howell was also able to show a large
acreage of Turkey red wheat that prom
ises a yield of forty bushels this year,
and a large body of summerfallow of
which no farmer need be ashamed. It
was very firm under foot and yet pos
sesses a good aoil mulch, wnicn condi
tion was brought about by the use of
Campbell packers drawn directly behind
the plows and then gone over with the
spring tooth harrow After viewing
this furm the Morrow county visitors
were made to realize that as yet they
have not been doing their best.
Fred Root Farm Visited.
Another very successful farmer of
lh Goidon Ridge section of Sherman
county, which by the way is considered
to contain the cream of wheat lands
of that county, is Fred Root, who does
not follow just the same line of pro
cedure in all bis work as Mr. Howell.
He UJ-CS horses principally but has
tractor which has been used to some
extent on the place and not considered
to be the greatest success. Mr. Root
does not handle as much land as his
neighbor but as to yield he gets about
the samv results per acre. This farm,
like that of Mr. Howell, is well kept, the
sun-n.crfailow is thoroughly worked and
kept free from weeds and the moisture
well preserved. Mr. Root has a fine lot
of growing grain, all Turkey red, but
does not expect nearly so good a yield
as last season. The long, dry fall work
ed a hardship on the Sherman county
farmers as it did over this way and a
very large number were puzzled as to
the proper time for seeding. Mr. Root
follows the early seeding method con
sistently and has found this to give best
results. Like Mr. Howell, he favors the
hoe drill, but at that he fears that a
lot of his grain got into the ground a
little too deep last fall because of the
dry condition of the soil at seeding
time.
We had the pleasure, late Saturday af
ternoon, through the courtesy of Harry
Pinkerton, secretary of the Sherman
county farm bureau, of visiting a num
ber of fine wheat farms between Gordon
Ridge and the Nigger Ridge and was
shown what is said to be the finest field
of Turkey red in Sherman county this
season. It stood better than waist high,
was very even all over and is estimated
from present prospects to go over 20
sacks per acre.
One csnnot fail to be impressed with
the tery thorough methods of fanning
in genera! use in Sherman county The
farmers there-have learned their lesion
mai.y yehrs ago ard they are living up
to their knowledge in a very consistent
Iranr.cr. Weeds have had to be kept
down and the fight has been a hard
one. The rotary bar weeder is in use
almost constantly on the summerfallow
and this implement is well liked; it gets
the weeds and helps in packing the land.
Just here it might be well to give a
summary from Bulletin No. 190, refer
red to above:
"Wheat is the most important crop
in Eastern Oregon. About a million
and a quarter acres are annually devot
ed to raising wheat in the eighteen
countiea east of the Cascade mountains.
"Wheat is principally grown after
summerfallow. The area sown to wheat,
exclusive of the summer-fallowed area,
is about equal to that of all other cer
eals and forage crops combined.
"Winter wheat generally outyields
spring wheat, except under irrigation.
"Nearly all Eastern Oregon soils are
adapted to vheat growing. On the
lighter toila of the drier areas, wheat
has been found to be the fanner's most
profitable crop.
"Preparation of Soil for Growing Wheat
After fallow.
"Experiments at Moro station show
that fall disking of stubble reduces
wheat yields. Spring disking before ear
ly snrtng Blowing does not pay.
"Spring disking before lata spring
plowing kills weeds, saves moisture, and
increases yields.
" Burning stubble it likely to deplete
the soil of needed vegetable matter and
ultimately cause it to run together and
be more subject to washing and gully
ing. Stubble ahouid never be burned
in the fall. The standing stubble holdt
snow and aidt in getting moisture into
the toil.
"Highest yieldt and best quality of
wheat are produced on early spring
plowed aummerfallow. Careful experi
ment! at Moro for nine yean hava
proved that the average yields of win
ter wheat after early spring plowing
were 6.8 bushels an acre more than af
ter late spring plowing and 2.3 bushels
an acre more than after medium early I
spring plowing.
"The total increase in yield for early ,
late plowing in nine years was i
;at p.owir.s.
"rV..l j-iourg and medium early plow
ing for sun.merfallow give similar re-
SU.ts.
"Lute sprir.g plowing for fallow pro
duces lew yields and soft wheat.
"The nine-year average yield of ten
inch over five-inch plowing at Moro was
only .9 bushels of wheat.
"Mold-board plowing in the fall gave
slightly higher yieldt of winter wheat
than diss plowing in the fall at Moro.
"The summerfallow ahouid be cultiva
ted frequently enough and in a manner
to prevent weed growth and maintain a
cloddy mulch.
"The use of the subsurfscing packer
at Moro did not increase wheat yields.
The surface packer gave only a alightly
increased yield.
"Seed Treatment.
"All present commercial wheat variet
ies should be carefully treated for
stinking smut. For sowing in dry aoil,
the bluestone treatment is the best. Formaldehyde-treated
seed ahouid bo town
after treatment and in moist soil. (Mr.
Stephens was particular to impress on
the minds of the visitors that they
should follow the rulet of proportion
very closely in the treatment of seed
wheat; guess work will not do.)
"Time, Rate and Depth of Sowing
Wheat.
'Good uniform stands of spring or
winter wheat are always desirable. Thin
or irregular stands encourage weed
growth and reduce yields.
"tarly sowing oi winter wneai at
four to five pecks of treated seed an
acre gave the highest yields at Moro.
Generally deep seeding of winter wheat
should be avoided.
"Early sowing of spring wheat always
pays. Most spring varieties should be
sown at four to five pecks an acre.
Large kerneled varieties, like Early
Baart, should be sown thicker.
"Cultivation of the Growing Crop.
"Harrowing winter wheat in the
spring generally reduces yields. The
nine-year average yield of winter wheat
at Moro was reduced one bushel an acre
by spring harrowing. In three of these
years an increased yield was obtained
from the harrowed grain ana in ine oin
er six vears a decreased yield. If win
ter wheat is harrowed in the spring it
should be done when the soil is not
badlv crusted or when the crust has
been softened by rain."
This summary gives an idea of what
was developed by the lectures of Mr.
Stephens. The points are all elaborated
on in the bulletin, and every wheat rais
er of the county should have a copy and
study it carefully. It is set out in plain
language, free from technicalitiea and
is highly educational.
Arriving at Moro late Friday eve
ning, the visitors had no time to visit
the experiment station. They had lunch
at Hotel Moro and a meeting was ar
ranged for the evening to hear R. V.
Gunn, crop expert from 0. A. C. Mr.
Gunn is in Sherman county at the pre
sent time with his assistants gathering
data as to the cost of production of
the 1921 crop, and he talked to the vis
ors concerning the survey made of the
1920 crop. This is a part of the work
carried on under direction of the U.
cal survey of leO Sherman county
wheat farms tken one year ago shows i
that it cost $1.60 to produce a bushel of :
u heat in Il'-O. A second survey on the 1
same farms is now beir.g taken for the
purpose of showing the co?t of the 19-1
crop and it will he a few months before
the summary and average will be avail
able. Mr. Gunn used charts to illustrate the
work. These featured the fact that the
$1.60 cost was cash cost.
The non-cash cost representing such
items as the farmers' own labor, rent or
inteiest on his land, seed taken off
farm, depreciation of work stock and
equipment, etc., totaled approximately
SO cents for every bushel produced.
A detailed analysis of costs on the
150 farms showed that it cost some far
mers much more than others. The range
of cost varied from $1 to $3 per bushel.
In other words it cost some farmers
three times as much to produce a bushel
wheat as it did other farmers. One
biff reason for this variation was the
yiel l per acre. For instance, there was
33 farms each of which had a yield less
than IS bushels per acre. The average
total cost on these farms was $2.10 per
bushel. There were 63 fanns each of
which had a yield between 15 and 25
bushels, and on which the average cost
waa $1.62 per bushel. There were 28
farms each of which had a yield over
25 bushels per acre, which had an aver
age cost of $1.34 per bushel. Farming
practices as well as quality of land, had
something to do with the variation in
yield.
A comparison of costs per bushel on
the horse-operated farms with the cost
per bushel on the .tractor-operated
farms, shows only a two-cent difference
in favor of the tractor-operated farms.
The cost per acre, however, on the tractor-operated
farms was $38 as compared
to $30 on the horse-operated farms. The
yield per acre on the farms where trac
tors were used was 24 bushels per acre,
as compared to 19 bushels on the farms
with no tractors. No doubt part of this
increased yield, where tractors were
used was due to earlier plowing and
more thorough cultivation made possi
ble by the use of the tractors, but the
location of these farms was largely on
better land. Also the tractor farmers
operated larger acreage. They averaged
450 acres as compared to 300 acres on
the farms using horses only.
Three years data are to be included
in the Sherman county project, the re
sults of which will be available later in
bulletin form. In the meantime yearly
reports will be Issued, the first of which
is now available. Morrow county wheat
growers who are interested may secure
this report by writing to the Oregon Ag
ricultural college at Corvallis, or the
office of Farm Management, Washington,
D. C.
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Obituary
IN 1921
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