vmiv. rora
THK GAZKTTKTIMKS. IIF.rrXKK. OKF.GON, THURSDAY. MAIiCII 25. 1922.
1
First Picture of Princess Mary's Wedding
L. MONTERESTELLI
Marble and Granite
Works
PENDLETON, OREGON
Fine Monument and Cemetery Work
All parties interested in getting work in my line
should get my prices and estimates before
placing their orders
All Work Guaranteed
fa V " s 'rv V
Shown above is the first photograph to reach the United States, picturing the wedding of Princes!
Mary to Lord Lascclles in Westminster Abbey, London. Members of the Royal family are shown at the right
Arrow indicates Lord Lascelles and Princess Mary taking the wedding vows.
I Community Service
The Byers Chop Mill
t Formerly SCHEMPPtl MILL)
STEAM ROLLED BARLEY AND WHEAT
After the 20th o( September will handle Gasoline, Coal
Oil and Lubricating Oil
You Will Find Prompt and Satisfactory Service Here
fllllllllllllilllllllllllllllllH
1 ! To the Automobile Public i
4
Have the NO NOK self-adjusting bearing
bolts installed, and eliminate your bearing trou
bles. They have been tested and give perfect
satisfaction. Made for all cars and trucks.
WE SELL ZEROLENE OILS
15c per quart. Over 5 gallon quantities 570
per gallon. Differential and transmis
sions filled at 15c per pound.
Fell Bros.
1 Block East of Hotel. Auto Repair Shop.
i!!!lilll!!!!i!!!lllUllllllIlll!l!!ilil
Ex-Service Men
You are to get your Oregon
State Bonus this month.
Are you going to follow the
old saying
"EASY COME, EASY GO,"
or are you going to taake that
money work for you J
Save It
Why not put it into a SAV
INGS ACCOUNT IN TfflS
BANK and draw i interest
every nix months. Then when
opportunity presents itself you
will be prepared to meet it.
FARMERS & STOCKCROWERS
NATIONAL BANK
Heppner
Oregon
FARMER S FEARS
BASED 1 FAGIS
Secretary of Agriculture Out
lines Dangers That Con
front U. S. in Farm
Situation
Believes National Legislation
Is Needed and Help of
Country Is Imperative
By Henry C. Wallace.
Editor's Note Henry C. Wall
ace, secretary of Agriculture, is in a
position no other human being can
occupy, the executive head of the
government's vast activities in and
for the farming industry. He senses
the cause of much of our trouble and
offers a series of suggestions that
may help clear up an ever darkening
situation.
Most of the epoch-making machin
ery, the plow, the corn planter, the
two horse cultivator, the mower, the
reaper and the steam thresher, were
invented prior to the Civil War, but
it was not until after 1800 that these
implements came into wide use. Tney
were especially adapted to the great
prairie country where the farmer
cculd turn a furrow straight away for
a mile or more. With the wooden
plow, the sickle, and the flail a
week's labor of one man was requir
ed to produce 20 bushels of wheat
on an acre of land. With the im
proved implements the same amount
of wheat could be produced in one
and one-half days. Better machin
ery and larger teams multiplied man
labor by four.
The increase in the domestic and
foreign demands for food was one of
the most important factors in stimu
lating agricultural production. Our
urban population in 1860 stood at
16 per cent of the total; by 1900 it
had risen to 40 per cent of the total.
Cheap food and cheap transportation
greatly stimulated our industries and
also gave us access to foreign mar
kets, more especially the countries
of western Europe filled with large
industrial population. The improve
ment in transportation and the cheap
ness of our foodstuffs opened to us
the markets of the world.
As a result of this extraordinary
combination of forces the production
of crops per capita of agricultural
workers was increased by about 58
per cent, and production per capita
of total population increased about
39 per cent. We became the largest
surplus producing coutnry in the
world.
The Trouble Starts.
Naturally such conditions made for
an extensive type of agriculture. The
richest large body of land in the
world was either free or very cheap
and the best farm machinery in the
world was to be had. Labor was
not plentiful, therefore the tendency
for the individual to cultivate the
maximum acreage and lean toward
a one-crop system which did not give
the greatest yields per acre but which
did result in the highest yield per
man.
Early in the twentieth century, it
became evident that the tide was
turning in agricultural production as
related to domestic consumption. Our
per capita production was showing
unmistakable signs of decline. City
population was increasing far more
rapidly than rural population. In the
twenty years following 1900 urban
and village population increased by
26,600,000, while rural population
increased but 3,100,000. In 1900 ur
ban and village population was 48
per cent of the total; in 1920 it was
60 per cent. During the ten years
1910 to 1920, the cities and villages
of the north had increased in popula
tion by 23 per cent, while the in
crease in the open country in the
same region was but 1.5 per cent.
Rivals Appear.
With the coming of peace and the
inevitable period of reconstruction
the unusual foreign demand for our
agricultural products subsided. The
seas were opened to South America
and Australia, which had been bot
tled up, were able to deliver their
accumulated surplus. For a year and
a half American agriculture has been
undergoing a very serious depression
due to the production of more food
stuffs than we can use ourselves and
more than we can sell at a fair price.
Farm crops have been selling for
very much less than the actual cost
of production and very much below
the prices which prevailed during the
five pre-war years; also they have
been selling for very much less re-
'---- . . .
Poem jby
yigjUncle John
THE LAVISH HAND
The Lord admires a cheerful giv-!
er the one that never stops that
don't aspire to own flivver, but
gives an gives until he drops, lhe
scripter, too, advises lendin' on a
mighty generous scale she hints
that 1 should keep a-spendin' till I'm
minus all my kale. . . . The Good
Book sez, the chronic jinx that lost
because he's always square, may
stack up like a Wall Street snoozer
treasures golden over there. And
when you see a feller, one that ain't
got any coat you want to be a
cheerful giver and let him have your
nanny goat. You recollect the laws
of travel, with some poor but ornery
scamp jest grab his arm, an hit the
gravel, tow him quick right into
camp. If you should find a hungry
brother, rattlin' in his starvin' hide,
pass yer roll you'll find another,
way off on the other side. . . . The
cheerful giver, cheerful loser, or the
cheerful lendin' gent, will never face
no grim accuser in the heaven where
he's went. . . . The world is full of
admonitions, fer the cheerful folks to
do but them that toilers the con
ditions, I find out is mighty few.
IF A MAN DOESN'T
THINK THE WORLD IS
GETTING BETTER,
HE 13NT-
New Head of Government Saving System
v Xf v
i
Ml 4
J-ew wauace, jr., ot Indiana, a
captain in the A. E. F. during the
world war, has been placed in charge
of the Government Savings System
of the Treasury Department This
includes Postal Savings and Trea
sury Saving Certificates.
ty? A,
AuroCASTTft- "'
latively than other basic commodi
ties. That is but another way of
saying that the wages of farmers are
far lower now than the wages of any
other group. This has resulted in a
condition which, if continued, will
within a relatively short period im
pose a heavy burden upon domestic
consumers. The farmer cannot con
tinue to produce at a loss. Decreased
production will result in prices so
high that city consumers will com
plain bitterly.
New Policies.
During the next twenty years, eith
er consciously or unconsciously the
United States will adopt fairly def
inite policies as to industry and ag
riculture. We are approaching that
period which comes in the life of
every nation when we must determ
ine whether we will strive for a well
rounded self-sustaining national life
in which there shall be a fair bal
ance between industry and agricul
ture or whether, as have so many na
tions in the past, we shall sacrifice
our agriculture for the building of
cities and expect our food to be pro
duced not by independent farmers
but by men and women of the pre
sent type.
Dispassionate consideration of this
larger problem is made harder now
because our agriculture is in very bad
shape, much worse than is fully real
ized especially here in the East.
There seems to be a tendency to re-
00NAL0. GO TO THE 80AR0 AND NOW PUT IT DCWN AS I GIVC IT
HAMC W0RK TH,S PROBLEM 30 THAT TO YOU. IF A FARMER
nlMHC THE CLASS MAY SEE. HAS FOUR THOUSAND
SWEET VmmfM '';SHSfE mi
HUMfc. ',7 18
1 1 11 11 11 MWA Inn.,., , , i
AND SELLS THEM AT SIXTY CENTS A J f "-- f r .
BUSHEL, WHAT WILL HE GET ? '
gard the complaints and appeals
which are being voiced by the farm
ers and the people who speak in their
behalf as simply the incurrence of
grumblings which have been heard
from farmers in past periods of de
pression. Now the truth is that we
are passing through the most severe
agricultural depression we have ever
experienced. It is not simply a case
of tow prices for farm products. We
have seen lower prices in times past.
The trouble now is that whereas
prices on farm products, speaking
generally, are lower than before the
war, prices of the things the farmer
must pay for, including transporta
tion, wages, taxes, and the loan of
money, remain near the war levels.
Hence the purchasing power of the
major farm crops is lower than at
any time in our history.
A Great Task.
Our first task is to bring agricul
ture through this critical period with
the least possible damage. Senators
and Congressmen from the surplus
producing states appreciate the grav
ity of the situation, as indeed, do
hundreds of thousands of business
men who have dealings with the far
mer directly or indirectly. It is quite
natural, therefore, that there should
be consideration of legislative mea
sures which might afford relief. As
is always the case in periods of finan
cial depression well meaning people
whose understanding of economic
forces is not all that might be hoped
for, come forward with ill considered
olans. Such have had scant consid
eration. Efforts at relief by Congres
sional action have been directed
along three general lines, first im
proved credit facilities; second, per
missive legislation which will encour
age the farmer himself to improve
methods of marketing farm crops
third, assurance of free, open and
competitive markets for crops and
live stock through the exercise of
reasonable government supervision
over market agencies.
That anyone should be disposed to
regard such legislation as of the na
ture of class legislation intended to
or having the effect of benefitting one
group at the expense of other groups,
is surprising. It is not in any sense
class legislation. Its primary purpose
is to maintain agricultural produc
tion that the people may be fed.
We have come to the time when
team work is needed, yes, impera
tive. There must be sympathy, un
derstanding and co-operation be
tween agriculture, industry and busi
ness. They are dependent upon one
another. They are alike necessary
to a well rounded national life. They
nust work together for the good of
all.
To Reduce Costs.
The paradox of our present large
food surplus notwithstanding, we are
fast ceasing to become a food export
ing nation. The startling rapidity of
our industrial growth points to the
ipproaching need of a materially in
cearsing production. Enlarged pro
duction may be brought about in
two ways. There are still large areas
of land which may be brought under
the plow not easily or cheaply but
as need may require and prices jus
tify. And larger yields may be had
from the lands already under cultiv
ation by the practice of more inten
sive methods. In either case the con
sumer can not hope to buy food as
cheaply in the future as in the past,
unless there be large reductions in
the costs of producing that food, and
when I say costs of production !
mean also costs of marketing, for
production and marketing are insep
arable. In its own interest, there
fore, and for its own benefit, the con
suming public must aid in making
available to the farmer every facility
and business device which may help
him in reducing production costs.
Some Suggestions.
In the administration of our credit
machinery whether by government
agencies or otherwise the effect on
agriculture must be given more con
sideration than in the past.
Credit for productive and improve
ment purposes must be made avail
able to the farmer on terms which
the seasonal character of agricultural
production makes necessary.
Improvement in marketing meth
ods through the organization of co
operative associations should be per
mitted and encouraged.
Farm products should be transport
ed at the lowest possible costs con
sistent with the maintenance and sat
isfactory operation of the transport
ing agency.
The collection of statistical infor
mation as to production and con
sumption of agricultural products at
home and abroad should be greatly
extended, and made more generally
available.
The extension of cultivated land
should not be encouraged until care
ful survey has made plain the prac
tibility of establishing a profitable
farming or live stock enterprise.
There should be a decided tighten
ing up of our policies of land settle
ment, including those dealing with
reclamation projects.
Painstaking study of the costs of
production and marketing of farm
crops is a necessary preliminary to
the reduction of such costs. This
study should be made along the line
from the farm to the consumer's ta
ble. A better understanding of the for
ces which influence prices is very
much to be desired and is necessary
to the intelligent adjustment of pro
duction to the needs of consumption.
Federal supervision of such insti
tutions as public stock yards and mar
ket agencies, grain exchanges, and
the like is not only expedient but
very necessary to the efficient and im
partial functioning of such institu
tions, and should result in benefit
alike to the agencies themselves, the
farmers who furnish the raw material
and the consuming public.
In the foregiong I have not dealt
with all matters that should be dealt
with in considering what needs to be
done to promote intelligent, efficient
and continued agricultural produc
tion, but have mentioned only mat
ters which should have immediate at
tention as a necessary preliminary to
the development of a wise agricultur
al policy. This is not in any sense an
appeal for legislation or administra
tion for the benefit of a class or
group. It is simply an appeal for
more intelligent recognition of the"
incontrovertible fact that national
welfare depends upon a sound agriculture.
Homey Philosophy for 1922
I struck an article the other day
in one of our popular magazines,
which riveted my attention at the
fust glance. . . . This dissertation
was to the effect that I could stop
forgettin' in about ten days, if I
would invest four dollars an' ninety
nine cents fer a course of absent
treatments. . . .
Now, it has been my custom fer
a long spell, to think twice before
permittin' myself to be convinced, so
I don't want to stop fcrgettin' the
junk an' remcmberin' the other stuff.
It's a special privilege to me, to drap
into the cyclone cellar of fergctful
ness, when the mad roar of unpleas
ant memories gets to thunderin an
showerin' on my sparsely protected
head. . . . Besides this, I am mod
erately certain that there's often con
siderable money in bein' able to for
get at the proper time. ... I be
lieve my friend J. 0. Armour would
agree with me, especially on the wit
ness stand before the investigatin'
committee.
Still, I may be wrong.
FOR RENT Furnished house
keeping rooms. See Mrs. Mattie Ad
kins. Adv.
New Portrait of
John D.
mm
W, t -Ml
This is t new, exclusive and one
of the few posed portraits of John
D. Rockefeller, reputed the world's
richest man and founder of tht
Standard Oil Company.