THE GAZETTE-TDfES, HEPPXER, THURSDAY, JTLY 17, 1019.
"AMERICANISM" IS SLOGAN OF THE ELKS
PAI0T1 IS
FEATURED IT
ANTLERD HERD
Convention At Atlantic City
Sets New Attendance Rec
ord for Fraternal
Orders.
This year's national convention of the
Benevolent and Protective Order of
Elks In Atlantic City, with "American
Ism" as Its slogan, established a record
as the greatest in the history of the or
der, and probably sets a new attend
ance figure for national fraternal gath
erings In this country.
In spite of war work activities in
which nearly all the cltliens of the
country were engaged, and the unprec
edented number of deaths from the epi
demic that swept the country during
that time, the Elks had a net Increase
in membership during the laajt year of
more than 50,000.
Various circumstances account for
the prosperity of the Order of Elks
during the war. It Is purel'- an Ameri
can institution. Its membership Is lim
ited to white citisens of the United
States, and its subordinate Lodges are
to be found only on United States soil.
Elks Originate Flac Day.
Flag Day, which has become a na
tional institution through Act of Con
gress, and which this year was observ
ed and celebrated in practically every
community in this country, was origin
ated by the Benevolent and Protective
Order of Elks. Even now. with the day
nationalized as It Is, perhaps the most
notable celebrations of it are still held
In Elks homes. Thus on June 14 last,
among the most notable and Important
utterances given to the country in ob
servance of Flag Day, was the speech
made by Dr. Nicholas Murray Butler,
president of Columbia University, In
the Lodge Room of New York Lodge
No. 1, the "Mother Lodge" of Elks.
Flag Day has been informally ob
served by various subordinate Elks
lodges for many years. Its official
designation and celebrations by the Or
der was first proposed by Grand Exalt
ed Ruler Henry A. Melvin, now of the
supieme court bench of California, at
the grand lodge convention held in
Philadelphia In 1907. This recommen
dation was Immediately adopted and
the incoming grand exalted ruler, John
K. Tener of Pennsylvania, appointed a
committee on woik and ritual to pre
pare a suitable ritualistic service for
such a celebration. This committee
was made up of James L. King, state
librarian of Kansas, chairman, Charles
Eeecher Lahan of Chicago and William
M. Hargest of Harrisburg, Pa. The
ritual for Flag Day was prepared by
M-. King and exemplified by him at the
g nnd lodge session in Dallas, Texas,
in 1908.
Patriotism and Charity Taught.
The iltual of the Elks teaches pa
triotism above everything else, unless
it is charity, which Is perhaps the
foundation stone of the Order. At ev
ery meeting of an Elks Lodge, the altar
is diaped with the American flag, and
newly Initiated members are admon
ished to love, respect and defend It
This ritualistic teachingX Is not of re
tent origin, but is of nearly fifty years'
standing.
The leaders of the Elks are among
the leaders of the country !n soutmer
cial, political asd patriotic work. They
have placed the Order In the front rank
among thop.e institutions that stand
for genuine Americanism, and especial
ly those which stand, not upon the or
der of their doing, but upon the car
dinal principle of doing immediately
whatever is to be done either for the
country or for the Individual In dis
tress. General Pershing an Elk.
There is no red tape in the Elks
creed. In other respects their creed Is
expansive enough to welcome all good
American citizens to membership, be
they Jews, Gentiles, Catholics or Prot
estants. The one proud boast of the
Elks everywhere Is that they possess
the genuine fraternal spirit. And their
desire is to infect other good Ameri
cans with it
General John J. Pershing Is proud of
his life membership in El Paso, Texas,
Lodge No. 187. A member of the mili
tary affairs committee of congress, who
knew Pershing when he was a student
at West Point but who had not seen
him for many years, tells a story worth
repeating, about the general and the
Elks. This congressman made an offi
cial visit to the battle front In France
two years ago, and one of the first
things General Pershlpg said to him
was: "Jack, are you an Elk?"
It Is needless to say that that con
gressman Is today one of the proudest
and most enthusiastic members of the
Order.
Leaders In War Ilellef Work.
With this general understanding of
the principles and leadership of the
Elks, it Is easy to understand why the
Order took a leading part in war ac
tivities, and why It Is today in actual,
exclusive partnership with the United
States government In one of the most
Important and far-reaching undertak
ings ever put into effect in the history
of the world that of vocational train
ing or reeducation of disabled soldiers,
sailors and marines of the great war.
The Elks are unique In one fea
ture of their organization though not
exclusive among secret fraternal orders
In the fact that only one subordinate
Lodge Is permitted In each city, which
permits the resources of each subor
dinate Lodpe to be centralized. The
result is that practically every city In
thfi country of over 5.000 inhabitants
li.n an J: Iks home or club.
During the war hundreds of these
homes were given over either wholly
or In part for war work activities car
ried on in the community by such or
ganizations as the Red Cross, the T.
M. C. A., the Knights of Columbus, the
Salvation Army, the Jewish Welfare
and others that had reason to appre
ciate the patriotic spirit of Elkdom as
thus exemplified.
F.Iks War Relief Commission.
Early In the war the Elks became
especially Impressed with the unselfish
spirit in which the Salvation Army was
carrying on its work and particularly
with the standing it had with the boys
at the front. The result was that hun
dreds of Elks Lodges placed all their
resources behind the Salvation Army
drives for funds, and the slogan "Elks
Raise Dollars for Doughnuts" became
countrywide.
At the Elks Grand Lodge session In
Boston in July. 1917, provision was
made for the appointment of a special
committee to he known as the Elks
War Relief Commission, which, togeth
er with the grand exalted ruler, would
have charge of the expenditure of
whatever moneys were raised by the
Elks for war work or war relief pui
poses. This commission was made up
of ex-Governor John K. Tener of Penn
sylvania, Joseph T. Fanning of Indian
apolis, Jerome B. Fisher of Jamestown,
N. Y., James R. Nicholson of Boston,
Edward Rightor of New Orleans, Fred
Harper of Virginia, all past grand ex
alted rulers, and Grand Exalted Ruler
Bruce A. Campbell of East St. Louis,
111.
This Commission at once tendered Its
services and resources to the United
States government through the war
department. At that time the Univer
sity of Virginia and the University of
Oregon were organising base hospitals
for service In France, but no provision
had been made for outfitting and equip
ping them. This was undertaken by
the Elks Relief Commission, each hos
pital being equipped at a cost of 160,
000. They were operat '1 during the
remainder of the period uf the war un
der the joint name of the Elks and the
universities designated, and made won
derful records for efficiency.
Reclamation Hospital at Boston.
Later there was seen the need of a
reclamation hospital in this country to
rebuild the disabled heroes who were
returning from the battle fronts. The
Elks War Relief Commission took the
matter in hand and built what is said
to be the finest hospital of the kind in
this country, on Parker Hill in Boston.
It was turned over to the government
to be operated, having cost the Com
mission considerably more than $300,
000 to construct. Its record has been
of the best. The government medical
staff has given It the highest praise,
and it has been operated at full capac
ity ever since the day it was opened.
Camp Sherman Community House
During the Influenza epidemic-a crit
ical situation arose at Camp Sherman,
Ohio, where over 40,000 boys were In
training. There were not sufficient
housing accomodations at Chillicothe,
Ohio, near which the camp was located,
to care for the parents of the boys who
we e ill in camp and it was therefore
impossible for many of the3e patents
to visit their sons. When t'i'.s condi
tion was disclosed to the Elks War Re
lief Commission an Elks community
house was built at Chillicothe in rec
ord time at a cost of about $40,000. This
house made it possiblefor hundreds
of the sick boys to be visited and looked
nfter by their mothers, and the army
officials in charge of the camp regard
ed It as one of the best things done at
any of the training camps during the
time of the epidemic. It was declared
that the fraternal spirit among the
Elks had as much to do with speeding
up the laborers and contractors who
were building this community house, as
the money that was paid them for the
work.
At the time of the signing of the ar
mistice Governor Tener, chairman of
the Elks War Relief Commission, was
under instructions to proceed to France
for the purpose of tendering to Gen
eral Pershing such assistance within
the war zone as the resources of the
Benevolent and Protective Order of
Elks could command.
Elk Help Salvation Army.
The signing of the armistice and the
ending of active hostilities found the
Elks War Relief Commission with a
considerable sum of money on hand.
This money had been raised exclusive
ly among the membership of the Order,
a total of $2,000,000 In assessments hav
ing been authorized, although it was
not all called. Investigation was at
once begun, however, for the purpose
of determining a suitable use to make
of the balance on hand, all of which had
been given for war relief work.
On January 1 last Chairman Tener,
Secretary Fanning and Grand Exalted
Ruler Campbell, on behalf of the Elks
War Relief Commission, called on
Evangeline C. Booth, commander of the
Salvation Army in the United States
and presented her with a certified check
for $60,000 as a fitting recognition and
in appreclatiln of "the great work your
organization has performed and is per
forming In the name of God and hu
manity." In accepting the gift Miss
Booth said
"This Is not Ihe first time the Benev
olent and Protective Order of Elks has
shown practical sympathy for and
given substantial aid to the Salvation
Army.. But this gift, of such generous
proportions, coming to us unsolicited
at a moment when unprecedented op
portunities exist for helping mankind,
Impresses us beyond words to express,
and as the leader of the Salvation Ar
my In the United States, I can but say
with emphasis that we are profoundly
grateful and by all means appreciative
of the very wonderful thing you have
done."
Vocational Training.
The attention of the Elks War Relief
Commission was next directed to an
opportunity to aid disabled soldiers,
sailors and marines by co-operating as
a private agency with the Federal
Hoard for Vocational Education, in the
vocational training and reeducation of
the wounded war heroes.
This work was entirely a new ven
tu e. Nothing of the kind had ever
lefoie been undertaken following any
war. Heretofore disabled soldiers had
' een granted a pittance of a pension
m which they could barely live, and In
'heir old age were put in a soldiers
home to ponder over the Ingratitude of
the country for which they had fought
Quite by accident It was discovered
by a Telgian gentleman who was car
ing for some wounded soldiers that the
men became Interested In working with
some tools he had In his house, and
that this work stimulated their interest
in life and hastened their recovery, In
nddition to making them adepts In the
use of various tools according to their
fancy or In conformity with their par
ticular physical defects.
This was the start of vocational
training for disabled war veterans. It
has been carried on In Frahce, Eng
land, Canada and Italy as well as In
Germany for nearly four years. It Is
asserted by those who have been Iden
tified with it that no wounded man has
yet been found and put In training, no
matter what his physical disability, but
who has been vocationally trained or
reeducated so that he has as great or
greater earning capacity than before
he was disabled. This pointed the way
to making every disabled man Inde
pendent, self -supporting and conse
quently more self-respecting than If he
were left to shift for himself on a small
pension.
By unanimous vote In both houses
of congress a bill was passed and was
signed by the president on June 27,
1918, putting this vocational training
in the hands of the Federal Board for
Vocational Education. This law was
Intended to provide free vocational
training for disabled war veterans and
also to find employment for them at
the end of their period of training or
reeducation, without In any way affect
ing the compensation paid them by the
government for whatever degree of dis
ability they had suffered by reason of
their wounds.
Elks Assist the Government.
In the administration of the law,
however, It was found that there would
be thousands of worthy cases of dis
abled men who were entirely outside
the purview of the law passed by con
gress. These Included American boys
wounded while In the service of the
Allies, those wounded before the pro
visions of the law took effect, and those
wounded or disabled while In the ar
my but not while in the line of duty.
The law also provided that no one
cuuld be placed in vocational training
until his compensation had been fixed
by the Bureau of War Risk Insurance.
The sudden termination of the war
overloaded the Insurance Bureau with
claims for compensation so that It fell
weeks and months behind In its work.
This resulted In the anomaly of dis
abled men being "broke" and unable to
take advantage or the nee vocationoi
offer of the government while at the
pa me time that government was owing
them money!
Fortunately, the law provided that
the Federal Board for Vocational Edu
cation could accept the cooperation and
assistance of private agencies in car
rying out its provisions. The Elks
War Relief Commission had its atten
tion called to this avenue for the use
ful expenditure of money, and a very
brief Investigation convinced the mem
tie s of the Commission that there was
probably no more worthy cause to
which its funds could be devoted. A
fund of J150.000 was therefore tendered
by the Commission to Dr. A. C. ProsHer,
Dhector of the Federal Board for Vo
cational Education, to be used at his
discretion for necessary publicity work
among the disabled men and with the
general public, and for caring for the
rases of disabled men who were with
out the purview of the law. The offer
was promptly accepted by Dr. Prosser.
The Elks Fund has since Increased to
$250,000, and the proceeds from a fea
ture motion picture produced by the
Commission and donated to the Federal
Hoard, which Is soon to be distributed
for exhibition,, is expected to add an
other $100,000.
Federal Board Thanks Elks.
In referring to the assistance grant
ed the Federal Board for Vocational
Education by the Elks War Relief
Commission, Dr. Prosser, Director of
the Board, has said:
"No one action taken by any public
or private agency will do so much to
bring about a prompt and effective
care of disabled soldiers, sailors, and
marines resulting from the War as the
action taken by the Elks War Relief
Commission. As the result Instead of
waiting for weeks and months, under
privation and humiliation such as no
soldier of the republic should undergo,
because of official delays, many of
which are unavoidable, they will now
find themselves properly taken care of
at once and placed in the line of re
education which will enable them to
make their future safe for themselves
and their dependents.'1
Soldier Friend Committees.
By direction of Grand Exalted Ruler
Campbell, every subordinate Lodge of
F.Iks has appointed a Soldiers Friend
Committee which is charged with the
duty of assisting in this vocational
training work. At the present time
there are about 2,000 disabled soldiers,
sailors and marines in vocational train
ing on the Elks War Relief Commission
Fund. The work has proven so suc
cessful that a bill now before congress
extending vocational training Into civil
life and industrial life seems assured
of passage.
Speaking on the floor of congress on
the subject of the cooperative arrange
ments between the Federal Board for
Vocational Education and the Benevo
lent and Protective Order of Elks, Con
prewmim John F. Miller of the State
of Washington said:
"The Elks fund thus provided Is the
first Instance of the kind In the history
of the country where a great patrioiiv.
fraternal organization has come to the
aid of the government In so timely,
helpful and substantial a manner."
Commander Booth's Appreciation.
Recently, when the Salvation Army
was entering upon a drive for u.uu,
000, Grand Exalted Ruler Campbell offi
cially directed that all Elks subordin
ate Lodges lend their support to this
undertaking. In many cities the Elks
took entire charge of the drive. In all
of the cities In which Elks Lodges are
located nearlv 1,300 In number they
were cmong the leaders In the organ
ized effort to put the fund across. Com
mander Evangeline C. Booth has per
sonally thanked the Elks, through the
Grand Lodpe for what thev have done
for the Salvation Army during the per
iod of the war. "Without the help of
the Elks," she savs, "the Salvation Ar
mv could not have made the success It
did at the battle front."
It Is a matter of record that through
the subordinate Elks Lodges members
of the Order have subscribed for five
million dollars of Liberty and Victory
bonds: they have given over three hun- the lodge returned to the fold In 1893.
dred thousand dollars to the Red Cross. In 1894 a split resulted over a question
more than a hundred thousand to the of authority as between the grand ex
Y M C. A. and more than a million dol- alted ruler and the grand trustees, but
lara to various other war charities.
Humble Beginning of the Elks.
The Benevolent and Protective Or
der of Elks, with a membership today
of approximately 650,000, whose subor
dinate lodges span the country from
coast to coast and reach from Skagway,
Alaska, to Honolulu and Manila, had a
very humble beginning in an attic of a
cheap boarding house In New York City
about the close of the year 1867. The
moving spirit of the gathering of a hnlf
dozen actors who got together on a
few Sunday afternoons for purely so
cial purposes, was a young English
music hall singer named Vivian
Charles Algernon Sidney Vivian, as he
was christened. He landed In this
country on Friday, November 15, 1867,
coming on an English trading vessel
from Southampton.
Being of convivial habits, Vivian
soon was the center of a group of
seven or eight fellow spirits with musi
cal and theatrical connections who
sought relief from the rather strict ex
cise laws of the day in New York. At
these attic gatherings an outsider was
occasionally Invited In, with the re
quest that he bring with him a cork,
each one present being similarly pro
vided. A simple cork trick would be
proposed, the loser to provide the re
freshments. The newcomer was In
variably the loser and his payment for
the refreshments constituted his Initia
tion fee Into the club, which became
known as the "Jolly Corks."
Selection of the Name "Elks."
Before leaving England Vivian was
identified with the "Royal and Antede
luvian Order of Buffaloes," with a long
and Illustrious history and the names
of kings and queens on Its roster. In
1866 he had listened to Charles Dickens
deliver a lecture on the subject of a
"Benevolent and Provident Charity
Fund," which he afterwards confessed
had left its Impress on him. This may
have had something to do with an early
practice of the "Jolly Corks" of raising
$5 or $10 by assessment, to be sent to
some ill or needy associate. About this
time a committee was appointed to
draw up a constitution for a "benevo
lent order," and Vivian was its first
slpner.
Early In 1868 it was decided to give
the organization a new name. A com
mittee was anpointed for this purpose,
consisting of Georpe M. McDonald,
chairman, William Shennrd, Oh-Mes
A. S. Vivian. Edgar N. Piatt and Thos.
0. Riggs. This committee followed tin
Its investigations in hooks on natural
history by a visit to Barnijm's Museum
near Broad wav and Ann streets. It is
of record that Vivian stood for the
name "Buffalo" hut voted to make
unanimous the selection of the name
"Flks" when it was shown that the
Elk Is distinguished for fleetness and
for timidity at wrong-doing, and that
the animal avoids all combat save in
the defense of its weak and vouner and
helpless, and the female of its snecles.
It was the antness of this simile wih
the Ideals of the deve'npment nf the
o-der that nut the final ennflrrnation
and approval on the word "Elk."
Vlvlnn Recognised Founi.er of Order.
Vivian was the son of a clergyman
of the Church of England and was born
In Exeter, Devonshire, October 22, 1842.
He died in LeaUville, Coionulo. March
20, 1880, of pneumonia, after a short
life time of many theatrical vicissi
tudes, ranging from touring with his
own company to being stranded in
Denver, penniless. H.s giave, un
marked save for a message scratched
with some hard instrument In a pine
board at its head, tested undisturbed
until on April 28, 1889, the order ex
humed the lemains and placed them In
Elks Rest Mt. Hope cemetery, Boston.
There, on a massive, iriegular boulder
in whose face theie is a large bronze
plate. In raised letters on the plate
stands out this inscription:
"Charles Algernon Sidney Vivian,
Founder of the Order of Elks. Died
Match 20, 1880, aged 34 years. A liver
of his kind who founded a great order
and In doing so wrought much goo.c."
The natal day of Elkdom Is February
16, 1868. This is the date of the first
charter issued, as well as the date on
the original old first banne of We.v
York Lodge No. 1, still preserved.
As constituted today, howeve , the
order of Elks dates from 1871, on Janu
ary 1 of which year a resolution was
reported founding the grand lodge.
This was ratified In New York on Janu
ary 29 and on March 10 the legislature
of New York granted the newly formed
grand lodge, Benevolent and Protective
Order of Elks, power to grant charters
to subordinate lodges throughout the
country. That year the grand lodge
held three regular communications, or
conventions, and New York Lodge, No.
1, was rejoicing in its great prosperity,
with $538.81 In its treasury.
Charity a Cardinal Principle.
As Illustrating a spirit that has al
ways actuated the Elks, on October 20,
1S71, a great benefit was staged by New
York Lodge No. 1, to aid the suffeiei s
from the great Chicago fire. And in
1906 at the time of the San Francisco
disaster Grand Exalted Ruler "Bob"
Brown rushed out to the Pacific Coast
metropolis where the banks were closed
and money was, needed, and planked
down five thousand dollars In cash as a
starter on what the Elks proposed to
do. Afterwards Brown had so much
Elks money at San Farncisco that he
could not spend it all and the Elks In
addition sent out 400 car loads of food
to the stricken city.
The foregoing are Incidents of a pub
lic character, but the favorite method
of the Elks in disbursing thousands of
dollars annually In charity is not to
invite any publicity whatever In regard
to It. It is known, however, that no
poor children are allowed to miss a
proper Christmas celebration where
there is an Elks lodge located, and
trousands of poor families are carol
for every year by the practical charity
of the Elks.
It was back In 1868 that the Eleven
O'clock Toast of the Elks was started
by George F. McDonald, who launched
the "To Our Absent Brothers" that has
since ripened Into tender significance
with all members ef the order.
Elks Home In Virginia.
The order of Elks has esabllahed a
beautiful home for aged and indigent
members at the base of the famous Ot
ter Peaks at Bedford City, Va. On this
site of 100 acres has been erected a
home costing $1,000,000, all operating
expenses of which are borne by the
grand lodge. An Elk In good standing,
upon proper certification of his lodge
that he Is infirm, or indigent and con
sequently unable to care for hi"ie'f,
Is entitled to the home, Is admitted to
it with the minimum of red tape, and
is made heartily and humanly comfort
able for his remaining years. .
Strengthened by Vicissitudes.
At the end of 1870 the Benevolent
and Protective Order of Elks had a
membership of 149, and It has gone
through many vicissitudes In reaching
its present pinnacle of prosperity and
popularity. But It ha emerged from
every Internal dlssentlon appareim,
stronger In purpose and dete-minntln
because of them. In 1890, when the
grand lodge was called to meet In
ftAveland. Ohio, the New York lodge
disputed the right of the grand lodge
to hold Its sessions outside of the state IE"
- - tr I. nUA Va.i Va.I. , . I, n ....... .1
OI iNBW rim. J Liini iu'
was suspended and not restored until ,111
the breach was completely healed at
the grand lodge session of 1895 in At-
lantic City. At the Cincinnati session
in 1S9G the flag, Bible and antlers were
formally designated as the altar drap
ery. In 1909 the official emblem of thej
order, comprising an Elk head across
the face of a clock marking the hour
of 11, was adopted and patented.
Elk for "AmericanUm."
The present rallying cry of the Ben
evolent and Protective Order of Elks Is
"Americanism." Its responsible officers
have made it plain that it will occupy
no neutral or doubtful position on this
Issue. No man with Bolshevik senti
ments or beliefs will be eligible to
membership in it and Its Influence and
resources willlhe everywhere available
to the constituted authorities Is back
ing up and building up real American
sentiment. Everywhere, also, the Elks
as an organization aie taking mote and
more interest in civic affairs in their
respective communities. And while the
discussion of some real or alleged or
fancied crisis is at nearly all times rife
in this country, the progressive order
of Elks may be depended upon to dis
cuss and help solve such problems In
the intet est of law, of order, of right
and decency of true Americanism.
BOLSHEVISTS BARRED.
The constituted authorities of the
Benevolent and Protective Order of
Elks, at their annual convention In At
lantic City, have officially decided that
any man who is a sincere Bolshevist
or who supports the principles of Bol
shevism, is not eligible to membership
In the Order; the same authorities hold
that a member of the order who de
clares himself a believer In Bolshe
vism violates his obligation as an Elk
and is subject to expulsion from the
order.
This pronouncement was made by the
grand lodge committee on judiciary
through its chairman, William M. Ab
bott of San Francisco, in a discussion
of the subject of Bolshevism that gives
a clear understanding of what the doc
trine really js, and how utterly con
trary to our principles and form of
government
Strained Sight
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time and glasses fitted when
necessary.
Best Electrically Equipped
Optical Parlor in Eastern
Oregon
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Registered Optometrist
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54
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