THE GAZETTE-TIMES, HEPPXEB. OREGON, THCRSD AY, MARCH 28, 1918.
PACK THREE
Uncle
Hooverizing
1U22S
alionsvl
Means something more than theorizing.
It means practical observance of the laws
of conservation three times a day.
A -T-. m yoifrt s
JiV3
A'.
The bulk of our wheat must cross the Atlantic
to feed the allied armies. Therefore the Amer
ican people at home must' save by substituting
for wheat. We can use
CORN MEAL-Both yellow and
white, Hominy
OAT MEAL, rolled oats and bar
ley flour
CREAM OF RICE, whole rice and
buckwheat flour
Have you tried the new Potato Flour? This
is one of the newer substitutes proving popular
in the kitchen.
THE SAM HUGHES CO.
"House of Reliable Merchandise"
w
'ITH the Deering Combined
Harvester you can harvest
your crop for one-half the ex
pense you can any other way.
Two men is all that is necessary to
put your wheat in the sack.
The machine cleans the grain in
perfect manner, takes out and saves
all weed seed and leaves straw in
bunches to be easily taken care of.
Can furnish them with or without an engine.
Will have to have your order early in order to
insure getting the machine. The factory is lim
ited to a definite number of machines and when
that number is reached there will be no more
for anyone. fc
Give Us Your Order Now
GILLIAM & BISBEE
Our Dollars Are Called
To The Colors
The Third Liberty Loan
Our terms of peace are written so clearly that
all the world can see. There is no thought of
conquest; only the demand of freemen that for
us and for all the world shall he free.
The United States is to show the world that
America, in Liberty's cause, responds more free
ly to each call for the sinews of war. And let us
also show our country that Morrow County is in
the forefront. Let us each subscribe to a Third
issue Liberty Bond the biggest one we can.
Without charge the services of this Institution
are extended.
FARMERS & STOCKGROWERS
NATIONAL BANK
Heppner
Oreg
on
orBLINQ the farmer'!
share of the wheat dol
lar Ii one of the war
time Joba Uncle Sam baa
done alDce food control
became possible. After
M Ave months of grap
pllng with the problem,
Dncle Sam It now trans
laUng Into the pockets of both produc
ers and consumer benefits derived by
the Nation. He baa shut off specula
tion, produced a free market and
movement of all grade of wheat, cot
expenses and Induced a normal flow of
wheat In natural directions, and ef
fected a thousand other economies.
The Food Administration Grain Cor
poration, which supervises the sale, or
itself buys every bushel of wheat pro
duced In the Nation In Its progress
from country elevator to foreign buy
ers or domestic consumers, marks a
new step toward national efficiency.
How In four short months It has been
done Is told in the following episodes
wherein two bushels of wheat traveled
to market
One fine fall afternoon, Col. B1U
Jenkins, who farms somewhere In Mis
souri, loaded bis wheat Into a wagon
and drove along the black road that
led across the prairie to town. When
be reached the co-operative elevator
of which be was a stockholder, be
pulled up on the scales, checked bis
gross weights carefully, and began to
unload. The manager came out and
asked:
"When you want to sell this wheat?"
T dunno," be answered. "One
time's about as good as another
these days. T won't weigh any more
later," he added, with a dry smile.
"Wheat shrinks a lot," admitted the
manager. "I bear the Government
wants as much wheat as It can get
Just now understand the Allies do
eat a terrible lot of It since the war."
"What's wheat to-day?" asked Col
Jenkins, getting interested.
"Well, let me see," parleyed the
manager. "I guess this wheat'd be a
good No. 2 under the new grades."
"Grades? What about grades? That
Food Administration seems to mix Into
mighty nigh everything from rabbits
to axle grease."
"Bold on, Colonel," said the eleva
tor man, good-naturedly. "The Food
Administration is not to blame. Con
gress passed the act and told the De
partment of Agriculture to fix the
grades. They became effective last
July. I sent out a letter on It"
"Well, I guess you better sell for
the best you can," said the farmer.
"I am needed at home," And be drove
away.
A New Order In the Grain World.
BTgtTVj ONVERSATIONS of this
FJji kind might have taken
I I 'rM place in almost every
I V town in the great grain
belt of the Nation affr
ays .- er August 10 j for revo
lution In grain market
ing was taking place. Uncle Sam
bad started on this remarkable ex
periment; he was going to see wheth
er wheat could be marketed minus
rake-offs to the speculators. This
necessitated complete control by the
Government of storage facilities, trans
portation and distributive agencies,
and the marketing machinery for
wheat and rye.
Everybody was troubled; most of
11, the officials of the Food Adminis
tration Grain Corporation who had
undertaken, without salary, and at the
sacrifice of their personal connection
with the grain trade, to whip Into
shape the forces that would drive for
ward the big business machine tor
marketing American wheat A single
control; and a $50,000,000 nonprofit
making corporation to do the work.
This work is a necessary arm of the
Food Administration, allowing the
Government to do business quickly
and without red tape. Its stock Is held
In trust by the President of the Unit
ed States. For the time of the war It
will supervise the rate or purchase
the part commercially available of the
600,000,000 bushels of wheat and the
60,000,000 surplus of rye grown in
America In 1917. Its Job Is to find a
market for every bushel, Irrespective
of class and grade. Under its patron
age, wheat screenings are moving Jupt
as easily as No, 1 Northern, It must
also work out satisfactorily the local
prices for wheat at each of almost
80,000 country elevator points, adjust
thousands of complaints, organize the
gathering and analysis of date, Inspect
concerns reported as dealing unfairly,
solve vexatious disagreements among
the trade, and deal effectively with the
allies' purchasing agent and the neu
trals who may desire to purchase. -
In the early days, following the de
termination of prices for 1017 wheal
by the President's Fair Price Commis
sion, confusion existed In every part of
the wheat-producing regions. This was
Intensified by the inauguration of the
new grain grades, as promulgated by
the Department of Agriculture, which
took place about the same time, and
led to diverse complaints and a feel
ing among farmers that the Grain Cor
poration of (he Food Administration
was responsible for both the price as
determined and stricter observance t
grain grades. But the corporation was
responsible for neither act It Is pure.
ly an administrative arm of the Gov
ernment formed to buy grain er super
vise its sale at the prices determined
by the commission, and It must do It
work on the basis of the new grade.
But to return td our farmer and hi
expectations of price.
Introducing Twe Bushels of Wheat
Lying side by side In his wagon had
been 2 bushels of wheat that fate had
marked for strangely different end.
They were very much alike, those
bushels of wheat end to look at them
you would not have suspected the
strange and wonderful adventures In
tore for them. let one wa destined
to travel abroad for consumption In
France; the other to find Its way Into
Georgia, where It was milled and it
floor finally reached a New lork
baker on the East Side. But In the
sum of the travels made by the two,
as we shall follow them, will be un
folded the International panorama of
wheat marketing In time of war.
Finding a Price at a Country Point
High war costs of production gave
our Missouri farmer much concern a
to his returns and accounted for bis
depression over the prospects of bis
wheat "grading down" ; for that meant
a reduction of 3 cents per bushel un
der the No. 1 grade. But It graded
No. 2.
The elevator would also deduct an
additional 5 cents a bushel to cover the
fixed charge made In this locality for
handling and selling. The 6-cent
charge Included the commission of 1
cent per bushel customary In 1917
among commission men for selling the
wheat to domestic millers or foreign
buyers.
The elevator man waa none too sura
a to how to get at the price which
this wheat should bring. He knew
considerably more about human nature
than freight rates and decided to
"check up" the problem to the nearest
cone agent of the Grain Corporation.
So he wrote a letter to the representa
tive stationed at St Louis. That let
ter was referred to the traffic expert
In the New York office, who transmit
ted the following rule for determining
the price of wheat at any country
point:
. I There la only one price for wheat at
a country point That price la always
to be arrived at by taking as a basis
the price at the most advantageoua
primary market where we have fixed
a price and deducting the freight to
that market and a fair handling profit
That Is the price te be paid for wheat
at any station, regardless of the point
to which It may be shipped.
Working out the price which should
be paid for wheat at your station Is
a fine occupation for an off day. If
you cannot find the answer, write to
the Food Administration Grain Cor
poration in New York City and it
traffic expert will give you aid.
Finding the Price of No. 2 Wheat at
Ilkeston.
AKE an actual example;
An elevator man In
Sikeston, Mo., wanted
to know what pries
No. 2 wheat should
bring at his station
wben No. 1 wheat
it New York City was $2.28 per bush
el. Here I how he went about It :
The freight rate from Sikeston to
New York being 16.98 cents per bush
el, he deducted that from $2.23 per
bushel and found the price at Sikeston
to be $2.1102. From this he deducted
1 per cent per bushel for the commis
sion firm's charges, which put the net
price f. o. b. Sikeston at $2.1002.
He next compared this price with
what be could get If be sold at St
Louis, bis nearest primary market At
St Louis the basic price Is $2.18 per
bushel, and the freight rate from
Sikeston to St Louis 6 cents per bush
el. This would make the Sikeston
price $2.12, less 1 cent per bushel for
selling charges, or $2.11 net The St
Louis price would therefore govern,
being advantageoua to the Sikeston
seller.
If our Imaginary 2 bushels of wheat
had started from Sikeston, since It was
a No. 2 grade, we must deduct 3 cents
per bushel, which would bring the
price f. o. b. the elevator point to
$2.0802 per bushel. As our Imaginary
elevator man Is charging 5 cents per
bushel for handling, which Includes
the commission fee Just mentioned, we
deduct an additional 4 cents to arrive
at the price the farmer received. This
price would be $2.0402 at the elevator.
Some of that 4 cents will return to our
farmer If the elevator prospers ; for It
1 owned co-operatively.
When Farmer and Elevator Man Dis
agree. Had this elevator been owned by pri
vate firm or person, or had It been a
"line" plant, Col. Jenkins would not
have been so bland and trustful.
He might have refused to sell at all
and arranged to store his wheat qr he
might have taken it over to a com
petitive concern which offered a high
er price; for the Food Administration
has not yet attempted to regulate the
prices paid farmers for wheat at coun
try points. It does, however, offer to
sell for any farmer or farmers' organ
Ization wheat - offered at terminal
points, but makes a commission charge
of 1 per cent for It services.
UR delay in getting this
wheat started across
the world wa occa
sioned by the uncer
tain Judgment of the
manager. He sent a
sample on to the St Louis tone agent
for test which verified bis Judgment as
to grade. He then went about hla usu
al duUea, cleaning the grain, Oiling his
bin, and shipping out as regularly as
be could In maximum carload quantl
ties. In order to economlre the use of
cars in Ume of congestion. He wa
careful to keep hi record very
straight as to date and quantities of
wheat purchased, on hand, and shipped
out (or the Grain Corporation requires
weekly report and fuU details of
transactions. ,-
Selling Wheat to Government
BOUT 29 days after the
farmer brought In hi
wheat there came a re-
nnpnt tn thle elovntar fnr
i a carload to be purchas
j " " ed by the Grain Corpora-
tlon. So one of our
wheat bushels was poured into a car
which miraculously had appeared on
the siding at a time when car shortage
was troubling the entire commercial
world. Inquiry might have shown that
rect supervision. The corporation!
charges each miller 1 per cent of thai
value of the wheat be grind to coves
the costs of administering the corJ
poratlon ; for the $50,000,000 capital Ij
to be returned to the United State)
Treasury, unimpaired. I
The agreement ba It compensaW
tlon, however, for the policy of Unclej
Sam is to provide each mill with all
wheat possible. To do so, every mllS
signing up wa required to furnish an
estimate of Its possible milling capacM
ty for the sea son. This oation-wldaj
survey of milling BcItles, when bali
anced against th available aupply OH
wheat, enables the Grain Corporation
to equalize supplies In a way neve
done before. In fact, the schedule 0j
prices arranged for the primary man
kets had for an object this equallzM
tlon. For Instance, If the proprietor!
of an elevator at Maryvllle, Mo, 4dj
miles northeast of St Joseph, and 45flj
miles from Chicago, desires to market
wheat he has available these markets a
St. Joseph, Mo.; Kansas City, Man
St Louis, Mo.; Chicago. HI., and Newt
York City, N. Y. To ascertain thj
most advantageous price for him, hj
would work It out on the basis of thai
following table: I
From this table you can see what
4
8 A
-
Loading Wheat at an Atlantie Port for the Allies.
I
the Grain Corporation was making a
large purchase for the Allies and was
utilizing Its knowledge of available
stocks by having on the Job a trans
portation strategist Edward Cham
bers, vice president of the Santa Fe.
Mr. Chambers was assisting the Food
Administration and has a remarkable
"way with him." Kven before he was
called to assist Mr. McAdoo, the Direc
tor General, his suggestions to the rail
roads had a wonderful effect In dis
couraging their hesitancy as to finding
available cars and In clearing up con
gestions that looked as though they
never could be uncongested. -How
Uncle 6am Keeps the Whip
Ease In getting the needed cars was
one of the advantage enjoyed by this
particular elevator after signing the
voluntary agreement which ceded to
the Grain Corporation the right to con
trol storage and direct shipments and
sales ef all wheat bought by the pro
prietor. While voluntary, this agreement Is
almost compulsory since railroads give
priority recognition to Grain Corpora
tion requests for cars; and elevators
or mills outside the official fold must
"rustle" for themselves. In return the
Government guarantees the elevator
proprietor against losses and protects
him In every way as to price and pay
him rentals for all storage space requi
sitioned by It
All elevators, local and terminal,
must take out licenses or face a shut
down. What la the power of the li
cense? It requires the operator to lay
all cards on the table as to his busi
ness dealings. For the time of the
war the elevator becomes a public util
ity and Its proprietor must furnish In
formation as to bis business at any
time when required by the Grain Cor
poration. Each week be must make
and mall reports showing the amount
of wheat rye, or tholr derivatives, pur
chased, stored, and shipped.
Under present license terms, the li
censee can keep on hand for only 30
days, unless he obtains a special per
mit, any stocks of these grains or
their derivatives. He Is also forbid
den to contract for the sale of any
product which can not be delivered
within SO days after the contract I
made.
How the Wheat Was Milled. 1
Away went our bushel of wheat on
Its Journey to the terminal, where It
met other bushels of wheat from all
parts of the territory that fed this
market. There It was regarded for
special requirements, marked for Im
mediate milling and rolled on to a
large mill In Illinois. The miller
bought the wheat from the Grain Cor
poration, for each miller In the Unit
ed States Is under license also, and
most of them have filled out another
voluntary agreement which hinds them
either to purchase nil supplies from
the Grain Corporation or under Its (11-
wheat would bring at five different)
markets If shipped from Mar-vllle
Mo.:
St. Kansas
P. A. O. C. JoBph. City
markets. Mo. Mo.
Base price 12.15 12.15
Rate per 100 pounds .056 .095
Rate per bssbel 039
Net price I. Ill
.056
1.095
St j
Louley
Mo. ;
12.18 '
.1171,
.0701
2.109
New
F. A. Q. C. Chicago. York
markets. I1L City.
Base price 12.20 12.28
Kate pr 100 pounds 1475 3005)
Rate per bushel .0885 1801
Net price 1.1116 i 0991
Under these conditions the propi ictor
would probably sell at St Jose. Ii on
Chicago, according to his inclinat on.
The table further Illustrates the
equalization of prices and Indicat s W
what extent the miller Is prot cted,
when buying wheat In any terr.iory.
Through this plan dlscrlmlna Ion
against the producer, the miller, and
the consumer are eliminated so t r as
it seems humanly possible und r ai
plan of sucb tremendous proportl us.
HESE schedules ar ung
ed for the va ious!
markets are vert ilile
"price dams" to pre
vent the overflo -lng
of the stream of
wheat at any s igle
market. They also tend to co rect
many abuses prevalent In the ,ust,
sucb as cutthroat methods adopt I by
mills to secure supplies and indlsc tinl
nate moving of wheat to terminal .
For all practical purposes the v heat
business of the country Is apporti tied,
and whenever possible mills are sup
plied from wheat In the territory near
est them. This policy has for a i ob
ject the saving of waste In transpor
tation. In another way savin; Is
made: Formerly large quantltl off
undergrade wheats have been dit Icult
to dispose of on account of unco ordl
nated purchase of the competing mills ;
but under Uncle Sam's domination
each bushel of wheat must now go
somewhere and the poorer wheat will
move Just as freely a the more de
sirable grades.
Limiting Millers' Profit.
The Illinois miller who received the)
carlot containing our bushel of wht ati
milled it promptly and shipped Its flcur
to a port for exportation. The miller
was permitted by the Food AdmlcIsM
tratlon to make a fair profit, not ?x
ceedlng a maximum of 25 cents tori
barrel on the flour and a maximum
profit of 50 cents per ton on the fewl
stuffs left over. All mills, however,
must fiirulsh at regular Intervals toi
the Milling Division full statements oft
manufacturing costs, which are scru-
tlnlzed carefully. The derivatives oH
this wheat the miller sold for dom-s
tic consumption, as the policy of that
Government Is to keep In the United)
States all avnllnhle feedstuffs In on ctj
to encouruge live-stock production, j