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TH
E UNITED STATES NAVAL RESERVE
V
Its Organization Has Been Authorized by Congress and Is Now ProgressingAdds Attractive Feature
to Naval Career, Providing For Graduated Retirement, and Has Proved Impetus to Reenlistments
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I Y an act approved March 3, 101",
Congress created law which
has more fnrreaehing effects oa
the efficiency of the navy than
any legislation cuacled within tUe
1110111017 of any one who may chance
to re d these linos.
By this is meant the clause iu the
Naval Appropriation Bill crcatiug a
naval reserve and making provision
for the qualification of Its members.
It has boon customary .or the people
of our country to measure the strength
of the navy by the number of Dread
noughts, ilcsl rovers, submarines and
other lighting craft. Thoy cither take
lor granted (hat the most necessary
part of the navy a trainou personnel
already exists or that it will be forth
coming from somewhere when the
alarm of war Is sounded.
Trained Men Necessary.
H is true now as over in the history
of this country that there would be no
lark o. patriotic men to respond to a
ca.i in defense, of its institutions, but
without training in di ipline and with
nit previous experience with and an
intimate and accurate knowledge of
the mechanical appliances so essential
in the operation of the suns, the tor
pedoes and the mines, as well as the
motive machinery of the modem war
ship, they would simply be offering
themselves as a i-acritice upon the al
tar of the country's h imr.
1'ur many years the navy has been
i.rndiuiling into civil life annually from
u.'MNi to 4, WO well trained and well dis
ciplined men-men experienced iu ev
ery mechanical art Made use of hi the.
modern nian-of war. This is no duiilit
a variable contribution that the navy
l;uke to the economic development of
the country. At the '.,mc time those
men represent a gre.it potential value
for the nation's defense if properly re
claimed and organized. They are scat
tered throughout the leiiL'th and breadth
of tbe land. Miiny of them are follow
ing the same trades they learned in
the navy, and it may well lie said that
there is no mechanical urt applicable
to civil pursuits that may not be learn
ed on a modern man-of-war.
A Twofold Purpose.
It was for the purpjse of milking
these men an asset in the nation's de
fense account that the Navy Depart
ment proposed und Congress passed
the bill creating a naval reserve. Tim
operation of the law is twofold In its
benefits to the navy and the country.
Ily offering substantial inducements
for reclaiming into organizations these
valuable well trained men who have
already left the navy to engage in civil
pursuits, as well as those who will do
ho in future, the law automatically. op
erates to encourage these same men to
retur to the regular service and those
wh: are still iu the service lu remain
for longer periods.'
This is accomplished by basing the
pay of the reserves on a sliding scale
increasing with length of service In the
navy.
In ndiliti n. the lew places a sub
stantial value upon honorable, efliolout
and faithful service, for no one unless
entitled to Itoii'jitihlc dimhingc upon the
completion of a period of enlistment
can partake of its benefits.
Under the operation of the law a
man wl'h an honorable record has the
option of remaining lu the regular serv
1 p or of entering t lie reserve at stated
intervals.
His Only Duty.
While In the reserve he is free to en
gage lu any occupation nnd live where
tie chooses within the United States,
lie only obligates himself to be amena
ble to the navy regulations and re
Hp Mid to a cull for active service )n
time of war. While active service In
time of peace U entirely voluntary oa
the part of the members of the reserve,
the government encourages them to
perform a limited amount by making
two months of such service a requisite
for re-enlistment fur a subsequent four
year period i. the reserve. This re- j
quiroment Is made iu order that the
reserves may keep lu touch with the
duties of the regular service. They
may select any time to perform this
voluntary service that will suit their !
convenience and while so engaged will
receive the full pay of their rating in
addition to their pay in the reserve as
well as traveling expenses and sub- J
sistem e to and from home. j
A Reservist's Compensation.
The compensation given members of:
the reserve is. for those who go in th-s
reserve within four months after loav
in,; tlie regul ir service $: a venr for
tlons lu the various communities in
which they live and come under the
cognizance of the recruiting officer of
the district in which the community is
situated. There are some thirty re
cruiting districts throughout the United
States. The recruiting officers keep the
muster rolls of the members of the re
serve lu their respective districts and
keep iu touch with them.
Orders and other correspondence be
tweeu the bureau and members of the
reserve pass through the recruiting offi
cer. By this organization the department
can ou short notice and with a mini
mum of correspondence mobilize the
reserves at any place on either coast.
May Transfer to the Reserve.
Another feature of the law which is
of great importance in increasing the
any worthy man is able to obtain lu
much less time than sixteen years.
If there Is any civil occupation in
this country that will insure to the av
erage young man after sixteen or twen
ty years so great an annuity for life II
does not appear obvious to the casual
observer.
For many years Uncle Sam has boon
paying more attention to the material
part of the navy than to the personnel.
Lately, however, he has boon taking
stock of things and realized that a
trained ami ellicieut personnel is equal
ly as important as Dreadnoughts, and.
although it comes high, he has decid
ed to go down iu his pockets and pay
Hie price.
The wisdom shown by Uncle Sam in
arriving at this conclusion will be
made clear when we review with him
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A SECTION oF the, NAVY AVIATION CAMP ESTABLISHED Tte K-7, ONE of UNCLE SAM'S 37 SUBMARINES NOW
"at VEHA CRUZ ? YEAR, AGO- i FULLY COMMISSIONED in ACTIVE SERVICE" "
men who have had four years' exierl
ence, $ij) a year for those who have
had eight and iflbfl a year for those of
twelve years' experience. All that Is
necessary for a member of the re
serve to do in order to obtain this pay
is to keep (he Bureau of Navigation In
formed as to his address and to report
at some designated place In his own
community once every quarter for mus
ter and inspection and to sign the pay
roll. Tor this simple and not Incon
venient act be will receive $7.o0, $lo
or as the case may bo, according
to whether his experience hi the navy
has boon four, eight or twelve years,
respectively.
Organized by Sections.
This Is the retaining foe the govern
ment pays a man of experience in or
der that It may count upon having his
service In time of war.
Tiie rg,;';nv are organized, bj ec
efficiency of the navy Is that which
permits a mau to transfer to the re
serve after sixteen or twenty years'
service on one-third and one-half, re
spectively, of the total pay he was re
ceiving at the time. This i.i a great
inducement to retain many desirable
men in the service.
The most of our men enter as boys
at an average age of eighteen or nine
teen. Sixteen or twenty years Inter, !
If they so elect, they may transfer
from active service to the reserve.
A Fine Annuity.
At this time, at nn age of thirty-four
or thirty-eight years, for the service
they have already given the govern
ment and for that which they stand
ready to give In case of war they will
receive from $rt:i to a month for
the rest of their lives. The amount
mentioned Is that which should come
to a chief petty oliicqr, a rate which
the situation in regard to the enlisted
personnel which has existed for many
years.
Not Vicious and Unruly.
The first thing that Impresses us Is
the fact that two-thirds of the entire
enlisted force is composed of men serv
ing iu their first enlistment.
Loss than one-half of these terminate
their period of enlistment with an hun
vruhte Uncharge, which entitles them to
rc-cnlist in the service. Of those en
titled to remain la the service ."8 pet
cent avail themselves of the opportu
nity. The remaining i- per cent gi.
into civil life. Those who fall by tlie
wayside are not all by any mean
vicious and unruly men. All nre spe
chilly selected by the recruiting otii
cers, which Is obvious from the fact
that only one out of six applicant is
taken. The natural question U, Why
do so many selected men fail to con-
tine through their Drst four year pe
riod and qualify for re-enllstmont? Of
course some are found to be undesira
ble characters whom the navy will not
have at any price. A great majority
of the 011)01 however, are really good
men. but the navy has heretofore of
fered little Inducement for a future
career, while it demands much in the
way of hardships and separation from
home, lu consequence many of these
young men become disheartened and
leave the service by desertion, by dis
charge, by purchase or by sentences of
courts martial for offenses against mili
tary discipline. .
Something to Strive For.
Now that the law places a substan
tial value upon the hmiurable discharge
by providing that men who are en
titled to such may at stated Intervals
elect to leave uctlve service for the
reserve on practically a pension basis
with a substantial rale of pay graded
according to length of service In the
navy, wo may 'hope to see a great
change In the unfavorable conditions
referred to. There is something to
strive for-a reward for every one who
proves faithful to his trust. We can
look forward to an improvement in dis
cipline, a higher standard of morale
ami a resulting Increase in efficiency
duo to n creator number of men striv
ing for and receiving no lutimrulile dis
charge and to a greater number of
those re-enlisting for longer periods In
the navy, l'nr every ro-onllsted experi
enced man In the quota the govern
ment saves the expense of enlisting
and training a recruit, and the navy
gains lu efficiency in duo proportion.
The law has been on the statute
books only a few months and can hard
ly be said to be fully understood, yet
the reports of enlistments Indicate that
It Is bringing the expected results.
Ordinarily recruits on lirst enlistment
outnumber the ro-enlistmeiits of ex
perienced men in the proportion of
firo to une. Since the passage of Un
law, however, the reports show that
the percentage of re-enlistments anil ex
tended enlistments to tirst enlistments
was for the month of March til iter
cent, for the month of April 71) percent
and for the month of May S'i per
cent.
Official Regulations.
Navy regulations governing the na
val reserve, have just been approved
by Secretary. Daniels. Being based
upon the law creating the reserve, the
following extracts will convey in a gen
eral way Its scope and purpose and the
benefits It was designed to effect alike
for the greater etllaiency of the navy
and the patriotic men who volunteer
their services:
The naval reserve shall constat of citi
zens of the United States who have been
or may be entitled to be honorably dis
charged from the navy after not less
than one four year term of enlistment or
after a term of enlistment during minor
ity. Men enllstod In the naval reserve are
not required to perforin active service In
time of peace except at their own re
quest. Enlistments In the naval reserve will ha
made In the rating In which lust honor
ably discharged from the navy and for a
period of four years, unless sooner dis
charged by competent authority.
No man will be first enlisted In the na
val reserve after e'sht years from the
date of last discharge from the navy, nor
unices ho be found to be physically lit to
perform all the duties of the rating In
which last discharged.
Enlistments In the naval reserve will bo
m-ote In two classes: Class one consists
of those men who enlist In the naval re
serve within four months from date of
their last honorable discharge from the
navy. Class two consists of those men
who enlist In the naval reserve after four
months and within eight yearn from data
of their lust honorable discharge from the
navy.
On and after March 4, 1317, any enlisted
man of the navy, upon voluntary appli
cation at the expiration of an enlistment
or extended enlistment for which he Is
entitled to an honorable discharge and
after completing service In the navy or
marine corps of sixteen or twenty or mora
years, may be transferred to the naval
reserve Ij order of the secretary of the
navy. J-' o trtiiMtrrrrrt Kill, VnMrer,
ttratitt by the tlciwrtmfnt, particular
j In rcttprrt to 1h pcnnuninry of their
itatua in the ntiral rcxrrve an entitled men
on tlte retired lint of the w-icy, except they
may bo called on for active duty In time
of peace as hereinafter provided.
Members of the naval reserve of Class
one who have served less than eight
years In the navy will tie paid nt the
rate of $30 per annum, and those who
have served eight yeans or more and lesa
titan twelve ye.irs In the navy will be
paid at the rate of $iiO per annum, and
those who have served twelve yean or
more In the navy 100 per annum.
All members of the naval reserve of
Clara two will be paid at the rate of IIJ
per annum.
Members of the naval reserve who have,
when transferred to the naval reserve,
completed service In tile mivy of sixteen
or twenty or more years will be paid at
tbe rate of one-third and one-half, rw
upeetively, of the sum of the base pay
nnd permanent additions theieto, which
they were receiving at the close of their
to t service in the navy.
I'or cortiimttrifi piy in tha unvtil reirrrs ell
prrrinti-i ttrrtice in tinri or viutiiw rorn
cottit, irhrtb cinrlhutmc ur nut. Men tlnw
in ciril life irho hire, hint inTriin itrn iee in
Hart or tftrltif mret run cnlht in nnry an't
hare (lit briuflt nf titer xt riler rolltittd in
(inninitinn jiti! In rrwrre.
Vhen nctlvely employed with (lie navy
members of the naval rese've are entitled
to the rate of pay they were receiving
when last honorably disrharircl front thrt
navy (base pay plus permanent additions
thereto), and, lu adiilion, their regular
pay In the nival reserve.
Members of naval reserve when nrllve-
ly employed Willi the navy ruculvo sub
sistence and travel allowances to and
from home.
Members of the naval reservo of Class
one who re-enlist In the navy wltliln four
months from tho date of their discharge
from the neval reserve are not entitled
to a gratuity of four months' pay, but
lbAr re-enlitument In the navy shall bo
held and considered to have been made
within four months from the dale of dis
charge from tiie navy for the purpose of
continues service pay.
Members of the naval reserve who have
been transferred to the naval reservo ma
be discharged for the purposo of re-cn-listlng
in the navy. When so re-enlisted
in the navy within four months of tlte
date (if discharge from tho naval rewemi
they are not entitlel to a gratuity of
four months' pay, but their re-enlistment
In the navy shall be held nnd considered
to have been made within four months
front tlte date of discharge from the navy
for tiie purpose of continuous service pay.
In order to be ellglttle for re-enllstment
In the navul reserve a man must have
had not less than two months' active
service on board a vessel of the navy dur
ing the period covered by his last enlist
ment In the naval reserve.
Men transferred to the naval reserve
will bo required to perform two months'
active service for each four year period
of service In the naval reserve subse
quent to the drst four year period unless
such service be waived by the bureau of
navigation.
In time of war members of the naval
reeervo may bo required to perforin active
service with the navy throughout tho war,
not to exceed tlte term of enlistment In'
the case of those enlisted In the naval re
serve. In the case of men re-enllstlng In the
navy after service In the naval reserve
tho period of time they were actively em
ployed with the navy while enlisted In the
naval reserve will, for the purpose of re
tirement, be counted as active service In
the navy.
A naval reserve button, which may be
worn with civilian dress, will be Issued
to all members of the naval reserve.
Large Body of Trained Men.
It may therefore be safely predicted
that the act creating a naval reserve
nnd making provision for the qualill
cntion of Its members will opera to to
provide a large body of trained and
experienced cx-servlce men now In civil
life, organized and ready upon short
notice to man our fighting ships lu re
serve and at the same time to increase
the efficiency of the regular enlisted
force by . Inducing more experienced
men to remain In the navy.
The naval reserve feature of a na
val career is, therefore, of great In
terest not only to men already enlisted,
but to prospective recruits as well. It
is, however, only one of the many at
tractive features of the service, con
cerning which the Bureau of Naviga
tion, Washington, and any naval re
cruiting station will furnish upon re
quest such additional information aq
may be desired.