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HOME AND FARM MAGAZINE SECTION
Organization of the Public Market
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BY R. W. GILL,
TO BEGIN with, I wish to touch a
' little upon the first organization ot
a public market. The first thing
Is to secure a location. We found it a
difficult proposition in Portland and two
or three different efforts to install a
public market had failed. Universal pes
simism against organization of such an
institution prevailed. The fact that peo
ple could order over the telephone and
get credit, led many farmers to believe
that the public market would not be a
success.
In the face ot this condition and in
face of the fact that the commission mer
chants and business men were opposed
to give in, the starting of a public mar
ket must be done very wisely with con
siderable consideration and with a lot of
preliminary work. It is absolutely essen
tial to have some newspaper, that will
back it up and keep it in the eyes of the
public. We found that it was better to
have one paper and stick to it rather than
several papers. One that will back It up
from start to finish Is necessary. I wish
to put special stress on that one feature.
Without the interest of the consumer
you cannot have a public market. Every
society and every business organization
had Its committee. These committees be
gan the active organization of the market.
They selected 20 speakers which were
sent to every kind ot meeting. On the
day of the opening there was a large
parade, which created great enthusiasm.
Everybody knew that the market was go
ing to open.'
Eliminating Middlemun.
The main idea of the market is that
none but producers should be allowed to
sell. Letting the middleman use the mar
ket as a sales place should be eliminated.
Agents, however, are permitted to sell for
the producer. It Is necessary that speak
ers should be sent out among the farmers.
An effort was made in that line and
special speakers were sent out which got
them to sign up that they would bring in
their stuff. When opening day came we
had worked up great enthusiasm and
everybody realized that the market was
going to be opened. If you open the mar
ket and have the producer there and not
the consumer then the farmer Is going to
he disappointed and not come back.
Therefore the opening day of the market
is very essential. We even had people in
Portland come along the street and start
arguments about prices being higher than
in the grocery stores, etc. The harder
they fought the public market the more
they advertised. It you start a public
market In your town and people knock,
just let them knock.
The public market should be a pro
ducers' market only as far as the farmer
is concerned. We permit each farmer to
actually employ an agent on a salary
basis. It cannot be done on a commis
sion basis. It is best to pay a salesman
pretty well as good salesmen are scarce.
An associalion especially should be very
careful to get a salesman that Is good.
We permit associations to sell upon the
public market. The association must be
comprised of actual producers. They
miiBt also give affidavit that members of
their associations are actual producers.
Then they can count upon the market.
Shipping Crops In.
We permit outBide stuff to be shipped
in and sold. The life of the public mar
ket last year was maintained through
that alone. The success ot the public
market would not otherwise have been
so great. We had stuff from Hood River,
Salem, McMinnville, etc., one man frem
Salenr selling his whole currant crop. It
is a noticeable feature now that the gro
cerymen say the public market is not af
fecting them as they thought it would.
It has created a large consumption of
food.
There were cases where men brought
in as high as 100 dressed fowls and were
sold out by 10 and 11 o'clock and really
could not keep in touch with the consum
er. We found an immense demand for
dressed poultry, eggs, butter, cottage
cheese, etc. The farmers found they
could got a higher price, and when one
got a higher price they all came. The
farmers were getting more for their prod
uce than the grocerymen were. The pub
lic knew they could get a fresh article.
One of the propositions which is ex
tremely difficult to handle and the solu
tion of which has never come about, Is
that of the race problem. The Japanese
were among the first to get In line. This
brought a great deal of criticism from
the people. It was felt that it was not
best to make any race line at all. A good
deal of the criticism came from the farm
ers and consumers because the Japanese
were allowed to sell upon (he market.
An open market Is really the only solu
tion of that problem.
Rules Necessary.
We found It necessary to make rulings
that every consumer who bought from the
public market must have some guarantee
to fall back upon. All eggs, poultry, etc.,
had to bear the name and address ot the
producer. Tie same was true of butter.
We found also that it was necessary to
make a rule that all scalept had to face
the consumer and see tftat a fair weight
was given them. We found It was neces
sary to see that farmers did not over
feed their chickens just before taking to
market.
In every way we had to conduct the
public market the same as any private
business. A rule was made In the begin
ning permitting housewives to bring
cakes, pies, bread, etc., but we soon found
that we were coming up against another
big proposition. We found that some
women who had nothing else to do would
turn to this resort and the effect was
that they were buying their ingredients
that went into them until the baker and
groceryman had a just complaint. A rule
was made that ingredients had to come
from their own fruit, etc.
The main idea of the market was cen
tralized in giving the farmer himself the
first chance and best chance to sell his
produce. Anything else sent in to utilize
space was given second place. We found
it necessary in some cases to give more
than one stall to a farmer. If the farm
er can produce enough In his line, it he
can come in every Saturday, he will have
a chance to build up a better trade both
for himself and a better alignment for
his consumers. When a farmer wag per
mitted to take a stall and pay for it In
advance until the end of the current
month so that he could hold that place
right along, it was necessary to make a
rule that he must use that stall regularly
in order to hold it.
Regular Hours.
Regular hours were given the farmer
at the public market. A regulation was
made that they could have 15 minutes
after closing time to get rid of their stuff.
They were required to keep their stall
clean. It is a good thing for the farmer
to have to meet the people In a retail
way. It gives him an education in sell
ing, which is also afforded by the com
petition of these articles side by side. It
became an advantage" to the consumer
because he could get the better article at
a price that was direct. We could Bee
at the close of the year that there was
a vast difference in the quality of the
goods that were brought to the market
and in the way they were put up.
The farmers are going to realize more
and more the value of putting their goods
up In, an attractive way. There is a de
mand for different grades of stuff. There
are some that want the cheaper articles.
In some cases the cheaper article will do
Just as well. So the farmer found that
he could sell the cheaper grade of stuff
that went to waste before.
The hotel and restaurant trade became
quite an item. It gave the consumer a
selection ot goods that he did not have
before. The consumer comes along not
expecting to buy anything and goes away
loaded with packages. The attractiveness
of goods causes this.
Don't put your public market In a cov
ered building. Criticism was made be
cause It was not In a building, but it must
be on the street where people passing
back and forth can come in contact with
your market. Get it as centrally located
as possible, where the people go. You
may have to stand a little Inclement
weather, but the idea Is to get It cen
trally located. The public market will
be patronized by the wealthy people, as
well as all other classes.
Canada Considers Importing
Linen-Makers From Belgium
THE movement to bring expert linen
makers from Belgium to Western
Canada, which raises an exceedingly good
grade of flax, is gaining big momentum
and a Belgian priest Is now on his way to
Europe after conferring with tho Canadian
Northern Railway. The making of linen
has been a large and Important Industry
In Belgium before the war, but now every
factory is closed.
A great many women, as well as mpn,
were employed In the Industry and the
Belgian priest intends to get in touch
with the large manufacturers to induce
'them to move their plants and bring as
many ot their old workmen as they can
to Western Canada.
Two points on the Canadian Northern
have been under consideration, both in
Saskatchewan and both located In the
heart of the finest flax country In the Do
minion. There now is a mill at Rosetown,
Sask., which is in the heart of the Gravel
burg district, well known for the quality
and yields of flax.
Too Deep a Problem.
The other day Representative A. W.
Lafferty sat figuring with a pencil on a
piece of paper.
"Well, It's too much for me," lie re
marked with a yawn after he had been at
his task some few minutes. "I never was
much of a hand at figures, anyhow."
"What are you trying to figure?" he
was asked.
"I was trying to estimate," replied Mr.
Lafferty, "how many fir trees must he
cut down each year to make wood pulp
to make white paper to make the pages .
of the Congressional Record that Jim
Mann over yonder covers with language."
Fred C. Kelly, In New York Sun.
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