THK GAZETTE-TIMES, HKPPXt'R, QUE.. THI RSDW. JAN'. 21, 1915
PACE FOVR
0. A. C. POULTRY HiS'FOMO NEWS LETTER, EUROPEAN WAR SHAT-
t nn
Time to Sot
liens to
Layers.
(let Winter
The latter part of March or first
of April is the best time that Eastern
Oregon poultry raisers can select for
Latching next winter's layers, aivord
ins to Professor A. G. Lunn, of the O.
A. l Poultry department. Eggs for
tiie.e hatchinp would of course be
set from the first to the middle of
March
"A difficulty in producing pullets
that will lay during the winter
months is the problem of preventing
them from beginning to lay before
cold weather," continued Mr. Lunn.
"If they mature and begin laying
earlier than this they will likely molt
when they should be producing eggs.
When cold weather catches the pul
lets in moit they need all their pow
ers to maiutan bodily vigor and us
ually will stop laying until the warm
days of spring come."
"If pullets molt in winter it is pro
bably because they are hatched too
tarly in the season. They reach ma
turity while it is still warm, begin
laying and then go into the molt.
T'-is is where one of the greatest
troubles lies
' I-t is a mistake also to think that
pul'.ets hatched in winter will makt
t! best winter layers.
'A Leghorn hen requires on the
average seven months to mature to
the point where it will begin to lay.
Heavy breeds of chickens require one
cr :o months additional. Leghorn
chickens hatched soon after the mid
dle of March, if they make normal
development, should begin to lay in
Oct ber when their chances of molt-iuc-
will be reduced to the minimum.
' Chicks that are hatched in late
spring or early summer are not apt
to thrive well on account of the scar
city of proper forage and because of
other influences that tend to keep
them from growing into vigorous and
healthy fowls and good layers."
THE LAW WITHOUT THE
PROFITS.
St. Louis Globe-Democrat.
Our expressed opinion that the
British ministry would make no at
tempt to controvert the position tak
en by the United States touching the
rights of neutrals is confirmed in the
preliminary note sent by Sir Edward
Grey to Washington. The British
secretary for foreign affairs prom
ises a supplementary note, and Sec
retary Bryan is quoted as saying that
tliis must be received before a for
mal reply is made. No exception can
be taken to that position as to the
length of negotiates, since it must
be assumed that exchanges between
the two governments on the legal ba
sis tacitly conceded in- the British
note will lead to early adjustments
which will remove many of the dif
ficulties. Surprise was expressed in
official circles at Washington yester
day at the position taken by the Brit
ish Foreign Office that Great Britain
can not be expected to confine herself
strictly to accepted rules in interna
tional nrocedure. Whether such
surprise grows out of conceding in
disputable law, or out of British ex
pectation, or desire, that neutral
countries should become partisans, in
a way, by a waivure of their rights,
it is a fact that Great Britain is mak
ing no pretense of standing on inter
national law and usage because she
is well aware there is no usage or
law to stand on. It is no less a fact
that what she has been doing to neu
tral commerce is neither more or
less than would be undertaken by any
belligerent similarly situated. The
question is wholly one of neutral
rights against belligerent interest.
Sir Edward Grey indulges in much
s.nd very skillful, special pleading.
lie cites the fact of largely increased
importations of copper from the Uni
ted States into Italy, the Netherlands
end Scandinavian countries, as pre
sumptive evidence of shipments des
tined to reach Germany or Austria
A recent statement made by the Ital
ir.n ambassador at Washington
showed the increase fn Italian impor
tations of copper from this country to
he due to an embargo laid upon that
metal by both Germany and Austria
from which Italy had drawn its sup-
ulies at the ooeninK of the war. The
increased copper importations of neu
tral countries in North Europe may
not he sa readily explained. In any
event the contention is special plead
iiig since it evades discussion of the
plain proposition that it is a neutral
right to ship even contraband into
neutral countries, a right hitherto
universally conceded and upon which
Great Britain has, in particular, at
some times laid emphasis. Soon af
ter the beginning of hostilities is was
announced that England had entered
into an arrangement with Holland
tinder which such shipments could
enter Dutch ports unmolested, under
a Dutch Government guarantee that
they should not reach hostile hands.
At that time we expressed a doubt of
the practicability of such an arrange
ment. If It has failed, as is now
seemingly admitted, the failure is not
ours, nor does it in any way effect our
rights as neutrals to an unlimited
commerce with neutral countries
A plea in avoilance is that, under
modern conditions, the right
search necessarily includes the right
to seize and take into port for the
purpose of the search. No such right
has ever been recognized nor does
Sir Edward claim that it has been
He seeks only to justify the proceed
ings as a necessity growing out of
new conditions. He fails, however
to prove his
case, his statement,
Portland. Ore., Jan. 19, 1915
That the Livestock industry of Ore
gon has been developed to a point
which makes the state independent
of outside sources is indicated by the
annual report of the Portland Union
Stockyards for 1914. This report
shows that 597.1S0 head of livestock
of all classes was received during the
past year, divided up as follows:
281,300 sheep; 237,725 hogs; 74,360
cattle; 2,506 calves and 1,239 horses
and mules. Oregon's contribution to
this impressive total was 48,789 cat
tle; 2,149 calves, 144,901 hogs and
196,425 sheep leaving only an un
important balance to be credited to
surrounding states.
One notable feature of this report
is the remarkable falling off in thf
number of calves received, only 2,
506 having been received in 1914 as
compared with 4,666 in 1913; 2,789
in 1912; 6,818 in 1911 and 8,297 in
1910 This falling off in the ship
ment of calves seems to indicate that
farmers are generally recognizing the
importance of retaining all young
meat either as future breeders or to
be shipped as adult animals, a move
ment which can only result in in
creased financial returns to the farm
ers and a more rapid increase in the
meat supply of the state
In the interest of lower taxes, the
Legislature has abolished the Oregon
State Immigration Commission and
the office of State Immigration A-
gent, the latter being held by C, C
Chapman. As neither the members
of the commission or Mr Chapman
received any salaries or other com
pensation, they did not oppose the re
peal of the law. The principal part
f the funds which have hitherto
ueen used for statewide farm organ
ization has been subscribed by Port
land business men, and while the
work will of necessity be somewhat
curtailed when state support is with
drawn, it is certain that activities for
the development of the state at large
will not be permitted to cease. Port
land business men realize that the
city is overgrown, in comparison with
the agricultural development of the
tate, and instead of being discour
aged by the withdrawal of state as-
istance, they are determined to con
tinue their efforts to bring more far
mers to Oregon to people its vacant
lands.
Farmer Smith, of the O-W. R. &
N. Co. has made a careful survey of
form prospects for 1915 and he states
that all indications point toward a
most unusual demand this year for
all classes of cereals.probably in ex
cess of the supply, and he suggests
that farmers who have not already
planted as large an acreage as pos
sible to Winter wheat should be care
ful to retain sufficient .seed to make
liberal sowings in the Spring. He
specially recommends that farmers
plant as much corn as possible as it
will make more stock feed than any
other crop and with properly selected
eed can be grown successfully in all
parts of the Northwest.
Red Bains in Oregon.
Many new barns are being built in
the rural districts of Oregon.
Building material dealers in all
sections of the State report an un
precedented demand for barn lum
ber and red paint. Next to the home
the barn is the most important
building on the farm, and wherever
red barns exist there frugality and
prosperity abides supreme.
The rapid construction of new
barns in Oregon is lifting the farm
ing industry of this State into a high
er zone of utility and is establishing
a new era in our industrial progress.
No community can proceed far into
its aericuitural economy until- its
tock are well sheltered and its crop;
are properly housed.
.Nearly Two Million Professional Per
sons in United States.
There are 1,825,000 men and wo
men in the United States engaged in
.irofessional pursuits according to a
report which has just been issued by
the Census Bureau. The males num
ber 1,152,000 and the females 673,
r)20. The professions represented
are actors, architects, artists, min
isters, dentists, journalists, lawyers,
musicians, doctors and teachers. Sixty-three
persons in every 100 en
gaged in professions in the United
States are men and 37 are women.
Have you seen that New Patrician
Pattern of Community at Haylors?
Before buying your winter's sup
ply of oil you had better investigate
the prices offered by the Heppner
Garage. tf.
while containing a number of charges
touching the concealment of contra
band in noncontraband cargoes, and
the falsification of manifests, failing
to offer Buecifications, much less evi
dence. The strongest argument ad
duced, although not bearing upon
any point of law which had been
raised, is that our exports at present
are greater in volume than a year
ago. This is offered as evidence that
our foreign commerce is not impaired
by the war. The question runs deep
er It is one of how much our com
merce would be impaired without
protest against its continued arbi
trary reduction. Beyond that is the
higher question of our right as a neu
tral power under the law of nations.
This, not having been contested, Is
1 now practically recognized.
THRONE
FLEECY STAPLE MUST PAY RAN
SOM INTO THE COFFERS OF
WAR.
Nation Rings With Cries of Stricken
Industry.
By Peter Radford
Lecturer National Farmerd' Union.
King Cotton has suffered more from
the European war than any other ag
ricultural' product on th American
continent The shells of the belliger
ents have bursted over his throne,
frightening his subjects and shatter
ing his markets, and, panic-stricken,
the nation cries out "God save the
king!"
People from every walk of life have
contributed their mite toward rescue
work. Society has danced before the
king; milady has decreed that the
family wardrobe shall contain only
cotton goods; the press has plead
with the public to- "buy a bale ;
bankers have been formulating hold-
lug plans; congress and legislative
bodies have deliberated over relief
measures; statesmen . and writers
have grown eloquent expounding the
inalienable rights of "His Majesty"
and presenting schemes for preserv
ing the financial integrity of the
stricken staple, but the sword of Eu
rope has proved mightier than the pen
of America in fixing value upon this
product of the sunny south. Prices
have been bayoneted, values riddled
and markets decimated by the battling
hosts of the eastern hemisphere until
the American farmer has suffered a
war loss of $400,000,000, and a bale
of cotton brave enough to enter a
European port must pay a ransom of
half its value or go to prison until the
war is over.
Hope of the Future Lies In Co-operation.
The Farmers' Union, through the
columns of the press, wants to thank
the American people for the friend
ship, sympathy and assistance given
the cotton farmers in the hour of dis
tress and to direct attention to co
operative methods necessary to per
manently assist the marketing of all
farm products.
The present emergency presents as
grave a situation as ever confronted
the American farmer and from the
viewpoint of the producer, would seem
to Justify extraordinary relief meas
ures, even to the point of bending the
constitution and straining business
rules in order to lift a portion of the
burden off the backs of the farmer,
for unless something Is done to check
the Invasion of the war florces upon
the cotton fields, the pathway of the
European pestilence on this continent
will be strewn with mortgaged homes
and famine and poverty will stalk over
the southland, filling the highways of
industry with refugees and the bank
ruptcy court with prisoners.
All calamities teach us lessons and
the present crisis serves to illuminate
the frailties of our marketing meth
ods and the weakness of our credit
system, and out of the financial an
guish and travail of the cotton farmer
will come a volume of discussion and
a mass of suggestions and finally a
solution of this, the biggest problem
in the economic life of America, if,
Indeed, we have not already laid the
foundation for at least temporary ro-
More Pharaohs Needed In Agriculture.
Farm products have no credit and
perhaps can never have on a perma
nent and satisfactory basis unless we
build warehouses, cold storage plants,
elevators, etc., for without storage and
credit facilities, the south is com
pelled to dump its crop on the market
at harvest time. The Farmers' Unions
in the cotton producing states have
for the past ten years persistently ad
vocated the construction of storage
facilities. We have built during this
period 2,000 warehouses with a ca
pacity of approximately 4,000,000 balfs
and looking backward the results
would seem encouraging, but looking
forward, we are able to house less
than one-third of the crop and ware
houses without a credit system lose
90 per cent of their usefulness The
problem Is a gigantic one too great
for the farmer to solve unaided. He
must have the assistance of the bank
er, the merchant and the government.
In production we have reached the
high water mark of perfection in the
world's history, but our marketing
methods are most primitive. In the
dawn of history we find agriculture
plowing with a forked stick but with
a Byatem of warehouses under govern
mental supervision that made the
Egyptians the marvel of civilization,
for who has not admired the vision of
Joseph and applauded the wisdom of
Pharaoh for storing the surplus until
demanded by the consumer, but in
this age we have too many Josephs
who dream and not enough Pharaohs
who build.
YAKIMA POTATOES Car Just
received. Phelps Grocery Co.
Go to Gilliam & BisDee s snap table
for china ware.
Take a look at the Gilliam & Bis
bee store windows; there is some'
thing there for your inspection.
SHOW CASE 8-foot show case
cheap. Phelps Grocery Co.
RE
We are going through our stock and
throwing on the REMNANT COUN
TER all odds, ends and broken lots.
We are getting ready for our Annual
Inventory and are marking these- rem
nants at a price that will go.
You will find just what you want at a
small price.
We are still giving 10 per cent, off on
Men's and Boy's Suits and Overcoats.
Forest Notes.
Lodseoole pine, one of the princi
pal trees of the Rocky Mountains,
makes good strong wrapping paper
and pulp board.
Osage orange wood is a source of
dye and can be used to supplement
the imported fustic wood, as a per
manent yellow for textiles.
News nrint paper has been made
by the forest service labratory from
24 different wods, and a number
compare favorably with standard
spruce pulp paper.
The forest service is cooperating
with 54 railroads, mining companies,
pole companies, and cities In mak
ing tests of wooden ties, timbers,
poles, piling and paving blocks which
have been given preservative treat
ments. Recent sales by the government to
taling 126,000,000 feet of sawtimber
in the Olympic national forest, in
Western Washington, mark the open
ing of this hitherto inaccessible store
house of timber, estimated to contain
a stand of 33 billion board feet.
Forest fires in British Columbia
covered more, than 300,000 acres
during the past year.
H is reDorted that there is a Dig
market in Haiwii for box shooks for
packing canned pineapples and pine
apple juice.
During the past two years forest
officers have killed nearly 9,000 pre
datory animals, more than three-
fourths of which were coyotes.
The aboretum established at
Washington in Rock Creek Park,
throueh cooperation between the for
est service and the District of Colum
bia, now contains 1,200 trees, com
prising 92 different species.
There were 400 fires this year on
Lhe national forests of Utah, south
jrn Idaho, western Wyoming, and
Nevada, or 14 more than in the most
Jisastrous season of 1910. Yet the
;ost of extinguishing them was only
mo-third and the damage only one-
r.hirtieth of that of the earlier year.
The difference is due to better or
ganization now, and to more roads,
trails and telephones.
FOR SALE.
A eood dwelling house, wood-shed,
and pumphouse. Dwelling contains
five rooms with bathroom ana pan-
trv. Three lots, all good level land
Piontv nf fruit for family use. Roses
and other shrubbery. This is for sale
at a price several hundred dollars
cheaper than price paid three years
a trn
Anyone wanting a good comfort-
ohla hnme at a very reasoname price
and in good locality will miss a bar
ontn ") they do not see this place.
Pumping plant supplies water in
ahnndance for irrigation, at very
small cost.
For further particulars see
SMEAD & CRAWFORD.
STRAYED From my Rood Hill
farm, a suckling mule colt, black and
w rntle. Had no brand. Finder
return tn or notify me. Reward.
FRED ASHBAUGH, Hardman, Ore.
FOB SALE.
Pine wood and tamarack posts
Rtiv at ranch or I will deliver.
lm. R. H. WEEKS, Hamilton Ranch.
Why go to the trouble of baking
when you can buy the best of bread
at the Heppner Bakery.
MNAI
Thomson Bros.
How Is That Cold?
We carry a complete line of
cough and cold remedies
SLOCUM DRUG CO
IMPORTANT EVENTS
1914-18 AT
nil
111
il
WINTER SHORT COURSE JAN. 4-30
Agriculture, including Agronomy,
Animal Husbandry, Dairying, Horti
culture, Poultry Husbandry, Insects,
Plant and Animal Diseases, Cream
try Management, Marketing, etc.
Home Economics, including Cook
ing, Home Nursing, Sanitation, Sew
ing. Dressmaking and Millinery.
Commerce, including Business Man
agement, Rural Economics, Business
Law, Office Training, Farm Account
ing, etc. Engineering, Including
Shopwork and Roadbuildlng.
FARMERS WEEK FEBRUARY 1-6
A general clearing house session of
six days for the exchange of dynamic
Ideas on the most pressing problems
of the times. Lectures by leading
authorities. Stale conferences.
EXTENSION SERVICE
Offers lectures, movable schools, In
stitutes and numerous correspondence
courses on request.
MUSIC: Piano, String, Band, Voice.
No tuition. Reduced rates on all rail
roads. For further infermaion address,
The Oregon Agricultural Collate,
(tw-12-l-to.l-l) COHVALLIS, OREGON
5000 Posts For Sale. Phelps Gro
eery Co.
Red Dragon
I Squirrel and GopherFolson I
I Will rid your place of Squir- I
rels, Gophers, Rats, Field Mice
Crows and all each pests
Results or Your
Money Back
1
SOLD BY
SLOCUM DRUG CO.
REDFRONT
Livery & Feed
Stables
WILLIS STEWART, Proprietor.
First Class Livery Rigs
kept constantly on hand and
can be furnished on short no
tice to parties desiring to drive
into the interior. First clasa
Hacks and Buggies
Call around and see ua.
We ester to the
Commercial Travel
ers and Camping
Parties
and can furnish rigg and driv
er on short noticed
HEPPNER
v OREGON
Stop and look at Gilliam & B la
bee's window and see if the cat is
there. Also see their clock window,
it shows you the time all over the
world.
An up-to-date dwelling for sale;
plenty of fruit for family use; good
location. Price reasonable. See
Smead & Crawford.
A six room house and five lots for
sale, with chicken houses and out
buildings. This is a good buy. Price
and terms all that could be asked
for. For further particulars see
Smead & Crawford.
Brown Leghorn cockerels for sale.
Single comb. Good birds.
W. B. TUCKER, Heppner, Ore.
RAMS FOR SALE I have Lin
coln and Shropshire. Both lambs
and yearlings. C. A. MINOR, '