3
Inventions and Appliances
Health and Sanitation
ROME AND FARM MAGAZINE SECTION
FARMING FOB PEARLS 18 PHOF IT
ABLE. A RECENT decision of the TJ. &
Bureau of Fisheries to start breed
ing pearl mussels by artificial
means in the valley of the Cumberland
Biver, opens up to the public a new and
very profitable industry. Investigations
conducted over a long period by the
cicntific staff of the bureau has demon
strated that fresh-water pearls aro pro
duced by many varieties of mussels
through the action of certain small para
sitic worms, which bore through the shell
and set up an irritation on the flesh
of tho mussel. In self-defense the mus
sel stcretes an excels of pearl-forming
material and encysts the parasite,- a
pearl resulting. Thousands of these
fresh water pearls havo been carefully
cut open by government investigators
and within each one was found, when
examined under a powerful microscope,
tho nucleus containing one of these little
worms. Mussels breed rapidly, the eggs
being cast in small packets, which after
a few days break, and thousands of tiny
larvae swim about, attaching themselves
to tho gills of fish, from which after 70
days they cast loose and sink to the
bottom of the river, beginning there
their life as shellfish. It
sary to obtain from the government a
t.uiiignnicni oi mussel eggs, distribute
them in a stream well stocked with fish,
and a natural mussel farm results. Then
a number of mussels infWtn,! i,
pearl forming parasito must be obtained.
lnieo. in tne bed of the stream, and
tho farm begins to be productive.
HEW FLY SWATTER.
IT HAS been said there is no swatter
that a clever fly cannot escape, but
the one shown here, the invontinn
of a Kansas man, is a new kind. It
works so fast that the fly, with all its
eyes, cannot Bee the finish coming in
time to dodge. All that is necessary is
to wait until the fly comes along then
slap and he is a dead one.
FOE BUTTERING CORN.
r MAKE easier the pleasure of eat
ing "roasting ears," the great
American summer delicacy, a New
York man has invented a buttering
spoon. It consists of a bowl with a long
handle, the bowl shaped to fit the curves
of the average cob of corn and having
a perforated lid. The butter la placed
in the bowl, which is inn slowly along
the surface of the hot corn and the but
ter meltirfg, oozes through the perfora
tions and is spread evenly over the corn
PATER SHADES FOR ELECTRIC
LIGHT GLOBES.
nynHE appearance of an electric-light
globe ean be very prettily improved
by making a shade of erepe paper
of any desired eolor for each one. Canary-colored
erepo produces a toft, mel
low effect, rale blue, yellow, rod aad,
in fact, all the colors ean be used, mak
ing a very pleasing variety.
The body of the shade is made of a
piece of paper about 5) inches wide and
31 feet long. The width will vary with
the length of the globe to be covered,
and it is best to have it full, as the edge
can be trimmed even with the lower end
of the globe afterward. Another piece
of the same color is cut 2 inches wide
and of the same length. This piece
makes the ruffle.
The smaller piece is placed on the
larger centrally, and both are stitched
together with n running stitch, using a
needle and cotton thread. A plain run
ning stitch is also made of an inch
from one edge of the larger strip. The
material is gathered along both threads.
This operation makes the material shrink
in length. Wrap it around the globe,
pulling the threads taut so that the ends
of the paper will just meet. Tie the
threads and clip off the extending
ends. If the paper extends beyond the
end of the globe, tri mit off with the
shears. Ruffle the two edges of the
narrow strip and the lower edge of
the larger one. This operation is simply
stretching the edge of the crepe to
causo it to stand out.
A NEW EIFLE GRENADE.
"pIIE rifle grenade has been adopted in
some countries as an integral part
of the soldier's equipment, and is
likely to come into general use among
the armies of the world. It is' expected
that it will to a great extent supplant
the use of the bayonet and do away
with tho rlccessity for close-quarter
fighting, as it will provide a means for
attacking trenches and covered positions
and rendering them untenable without
recourse to hand-to-hand combat. The
grenades can bo fired singly or in vol
leys and the effect of volley firing with
such weapons would probably be as
tounding. In hilly country especially,
where the bringing into action of field
pieces is extremely difficult, the use of
the grenade will provo of incalculable
benefit to the troops equipped with it.
DEMONSTRATE VACUUM CLEAN
ER ON MULE'S HIDE.
HE electric service company at
Scranton, Pa., recently attracted
and held a largo crowd of people
in front of its offices by demonstrat-
ng the effectiveness of a vacuum
cleaner on the coal-begrimed hide of
a mine mule. The animal, having prob
ably never experienced a similar sen
sation before, expressed its surprise
when tho vacuum cleaner was . put in
operation by delivering a far-sounding
'hee-haw." The noise soon attracted
a crowd, which watched the demon
stration and probably carried the news
to moro quarters than any other form
of advertising might have done.
STREET CAR USED TO STRETCH
WIBE FENCE.
LAND adjacent to a suburban ear line,
near Reno, iN'ev., was fonccd quickly
by utilizing one of tho electric
cars to stretch tho wires, recently. The
poles were placed in position, and the
fencing, in sections, was then fastened
to the posts, the car stretching it as
needed, and the fence was completed
as fast as tho staples eould be driven
into the posts. The job was done in
record time, as the car carried the ma
terial and men employed.
CLOTHES CONSIDERED.
nODERN clothes are expensive, un
hygienic, and Bometimcs suggest
ive. A hat an advance it would be
if we eould get back to the unchang
ing, artistic costume of the Hreefcs, 2000
years ago, or to that of somo of the
Oriental races of today, instead of con
stantly adopting changing styles, one
more inartistic than the other. Men's
clothing does sat run to extremes in
our age, but men burden themselves
with unnecessary clothing no re than
MENTAL WORK DURING A FAST.
IT is a curious fact that the nervous
system is in certain ways independ
ent of the rest of the body; and
that instead being very fragile, our
nerves are really highly resistant.
At Wesleyan University the experi
ment was made of putting men into
cages and measuring the food, air and
water that they used, and the waste
products that their bodies threw off.
It was found that the slightest muscu
lar exertion had a decided effect on the
relation between what the body took
in and what it threw off, but that the
addition of mental to muscular work
made no difference at all. If a student
took a written examination in the cage,
he used the same energy that he would
have used in going through the move
ments of writing and doing no thinking
whatever.
Recently a similar evidence has been
obtained at the Carnegie Nutrition
Laboratory of Boston. A man of 40 un
derwent a fast of thirty-one days, dur
ing which he took absolutely nothing
but water. At 5 o'clock in the after
noon of every day during the fast, as
well as on the two days that preceded,
it and the day that followed it, the
man submitted to certain tests of mus
cular strength and of mental power.
As might have been expected, he grew
physically weaker. Who would not have
expected him to show a falling off in
mental ability as wellf Yet this man
could repeat ten disconnected words, im
mediately after they had been pro
nounced to him, more correctly at the
end of the fasting period than at its
beginning, and he could also recall the
words after longer intervals as the fast
ing went on. His power of attention
was tested by requiring him to eross out
all the A 's in a printed passage, and his
speed increased during the fast, while
bis accuracy remained as high as it had
been at the beginning. When he was
given a word and required to speak the
first word it suggested to him, the
promptness of his response increased as
the fast became more prolonged. In
short, he performed all the mental tests
either as well or better as the fast pro
ceeded. The improvement was probably
due to the daily practice he got, but
it is wonderful that the mind should
work during so long a period, as well
without food as with it.
IMMUNITY FROM DISEASE.
PERFECT HEALTH is tho best pos
sible immunity from disease. Mil
lions of germs are breathed in with
every breath we take, but their injuri
ous effect is nullified so long as the
health is good. Many of the germs so
taken are necessary for health, others
would be disease breeders if they fell
upon the proper soil. The habit of deep
breathing that the blood may be puri
fied with the oxygen thus obtained, at
the same time keeping the bowels open,
with such articles of diet as contribute
to the manufacturo of good red blood,
will go a long way towards making a
person immune from ordinary diseases.
When an epidemic is around the persons
first affected are those with debili
tated blood, otherwise everybody would
go down together. So little is necessary
for the production of good healthy blood
that there is little excuse for any per
son having anything else, and with such
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a healthy condition there is the slight
est probability of acquiring any of the
diseases that are so frequent in Bome
communities. The responsibility is
largely an individual one, and if every
body exercised an intelligent super
vision of his habits and his surround
ings there would be practically no rea
Bon for the existence of boards of
health or any other such restrictive
measures.
NEW USE FOB POTATO JUICE.
POTATO juice as a remedy for
sprains, lumbago, gout, rheuma
tism and bruises is recommended
by Dr. Heaton C. Howard of London.
He cites numerous cases in his own
practice in which the pain has been re
lieved qnickly, sometimes by the first
application, and the fluid that has exud
ed into the joint or the membranes hag
been absorbed within a few days.
Potato jnice is used as an ointment, a
liniment or a plaster. The raw potatoes
are squeezed in a hydraulic press; the
starch and nitrogenous matter are re
moved and the juice is boiled down un
til it is made five times as strong al
when fresh; glycerine is added to pro
serve it.
NATURE'S SIGNALS.
NATURE tells when the stomach la
ready to digest food. Her signal
is hunger real hunger, not mero
appetite. Never eat when you are not
really hungry. Miss a meal, or several
meals. Instead of eating, sip slowly a
glass of eool water. In this way you
will get real strength and health,
whereas, otherwise you will become
chronic invalid, or be seized with soma .
acute disease that under medical mal
practice may readily carry you off. " '
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