Importance of Road Mainte
nance
"HEBE is no phase at tho mA
I problem more important than that
01 maintenance. Tho general im
pression that there are certain types
ruaus mat are permanent is crrone
ous. no permanent road has ever bee
constructed or ever will h
inff tO thfi rnnri nnoninKo TT o
Ttvlullai0 iud U. O.
Department of Agriculture. The only
iiuugs aoout a road that may bo eon
oiuurei permanent are the eradiuir. cu
verts and bridges. Roads constructed
by tho most skillful highway engine?rs
wui soon do destroyed by the traffic,
frost, rain and wind, nnli-as th J
properly maintained. But the life of
meso roads may bo prolonged by sys
tematic maintenance. A poor road will
not only bo improved hv nmnr min.
tenance but may become better in time
man a good road without it.
The first and last enmmnmlmnnt-
earth road maintenance is to keep tho
surfaco well drained. To insure good
U"""K me ditches should be kep
open, all obstructions removed nnd i
smooth crown maintained. Except for
very stony soil the road machine or
scraper may be used very effectively
for this work. The machine should
be used once or twice a year and the
work should be done when the soil is
damp so that it will pack and bake
into a hard crust. Wide and shallow
side ditches rhould bo maintained with
sufficient fall and capacity to dispose
of surface water. These ditches can
in most places be constructed and re
paired with a road machine.
All vegetable matter such as sods
ana weeds should be kept out of the
road as they make a spongy surface
which retains moisture. Clods are also
onjectionable for they soon turn to
dust or mud and for that reason roads
should never be worked when dry or
hard. Boulders or loose stones are
equally objectionable if a smooth sur
face is to be secured.
A split-log drag or some similar de
vice is very useful in maintaining the
surface after suitable ditches and cross
sections have one been secured. This
drag can also be used to advantage
on a gravel road as well bo nn .
earth road. The principle Involved in
"ragging is mat clays and most heavy
soils will pudillo when wpt and
very nam when dry. Tho little atten
tion that tho earth road needs must
be given promptly and at t.hn
timo if the best results are to be ob
tained.
In dragging roads nnlv imsll
amount of earth is moved, just enough
to mi the ruts and depressions with
a thin layer of plastic clav or Pflrth
which packs very hard so that the
next rain, instead of finding ruts, do
pressiocj and clods in which tn 1.
led, runs off, leaving the rurface but
iirtio nrreetcn.
The drag should be lirht nnd shmild
be drawn over the road at nn angle
of about 45 degrees. The driver should
ride on tho draff and should Tint drit-o
faster than a walk. One round trip,
each trip straddling a wheel track,
is usually sufficient to fill the m.
and smooth the surface. If recessary
ine roao snonid be dragged after every
bad spell of weather, when tho unil
is in proper condition to puddle well
and still not adhere to the drag. If
the road is viry bad it mav be UrnaafU
when very wet and a?ain when it h.
gins to dry out. A few trips over the
road will give the operator an idea
as to the best time to draw. Drag at
an seasons, Dut do not crag a d;y
roao.
The Slope Or Crown of an earth fno.1
snoum oe about one inch to the foot.
If the crown becomes too hioh it
I be reduced by dragging toward the
oucn instead or rrom it. If the drag
CUtS tOO much. Shorten the hiteh dti d
change your position on the drag. If it
s necessary to protect the face of the
Irag With a Strip of iron it alinuM he
placed flush with the edge of the drag
and not projecting. A cutting edge
Buouia oe avoided, as the main object
in dragging is to smear the damp soil
. ...
into position.
lonce tran rock, touirh
tough limestone, ordiuary lime,' tough
sauuoiuuu.
HE HARNESSES HIS AUTO.
f HANK TREES, a farmer of
Wa Brackenridce. Pa., make a
use of his hiph-nnwer nnfnmn.
bile, when he is not out joy riding. He
uses it to cut hav intn ,;. m
Formerly tho hay was raised by means
i a uiock and tackle and horsepower,
but it was hard work
had to be rested ofton. Now he fastens
mo touring car to the block and tackle
by means of a "harness" he hn.
vised, and can stow the hay away
"" s .last as lormerly.
OOOD BO ADS TEAR BOOK
FUNDS available in all of the states
for the improvement of roads dur
ing the year 1914 are shown in the
vii.eiai wood Koads Year Book issued
by the American Hichwnv A.
which is ready for distribution. This
?ne 01 tn new features of the book
which will make it invalnahlo tn ,,
date, county and municipal highway
The year book disclosea fnr
time that appropriations by tho state
icgiBiaiures tor road improvement in
the various states are available to the
turn of $62,201,016. The year book lists
u or tne patents relative to roads
and bridges, all road ftXnendiriiraa In
recent years, all associations' work for
roao. improvement, describes all the dif
ferent methods of road construction
and different road materials, giving
directory of all road bulletins, cir
tulars, and documents of interest to
personB working for better highways
and for all officials engaged in super
vising work on roads. Sections of the
year book are devoted to work in
different states and the progress of
road improvement. One of the interest
ing features, for instance, is the de
scription of dust preventives, while
one chapter is devoted to convict labor
and another to the financial phase of
road improvement. A summary of the
road laws in the various states is of
particular interest to motorists, while
descriptions of specifications for high
ways in the various states will h nf
Interest to engineers. There also is a
chapter devoted to important events
In the road movement in 1913, and
another section devoted to road sys
tems in foreign countries. The year
book is issued annually by the Ameri
can Highway Association as part of
its campaign to give the United 8tat
an adequate Bystem or improved high
ways. Price, $1, postpaid.
usual ione. As soon as-the automobile
stops the alarm is set automatically,
and if anybody iumns into the mnehino
and tries to Bteal it the horn will set
up a fearful noise the moment the
wheels begin to turn, and will not stop
until tne car comes to a standstill.
No thief would be daring enough to
jump into a car that would make itself
so conspicuous.
The new invention is proof against
carelessness on the part of thfi ehntif.
feur, because the moment he gets out
or tne. ear or stops it the alarm gets
into position and will criva forth it
noisy blast unless the combination is
readjusted.
This device will be a hnnn in wiun
of cars whose chauffeurs are in the
h'.bit of going out joy riding. A chauf
feur on a 10V ride is liahle tn r'-inlr t
much and become very careless, but
wun tne norn alarm on his machine
there can be no chance for a thief tn
slip away with it.
A NOVEL HORN.
ANEW device for protecting auto
mobiles against robbers has been
invented, and it promises to put
stop to the activities of the thieves
who have been stealing so many cars.
The new contrivance has a powerful
horn attachment with a weird and ua-
ROAD DRAINAGE.
HE first and prime essential of any
good road is drainage surface, sub
surface and side drainase. When
finished, the road must shed water. To
ao tnis tne road must be crowned from
i to of an inch to the foot, depend
ing on the wearing surface, and must
nave an impervious or waterproof cov
ering. There must be an unimpeded
slope from the crown to the gutter or
to tne side ditch. The gutters or side
ditches have at least 4-10 of a foot full
per 100 feet, and, if they are earthen
ditches, they should have i foot per
100 feet, and free drainage at frequent
intervals into natural creeks, channels,
or, in the case of a city with a sewerage
system, into the sewers.
"In order to drain awav the siih-nnr.
face water and prevent it from soften
ing the foundations, it is well to lav
two lines of tiles.
The second essential, which is an
essential of any structure, is a onnA
foundation, and this is especially re
quired for roads where the loads are
concentrated on such small areas.
Because macadam roads are more er.
pensive than eravel roads i n fifHt. enf
they should be built verv carefullv. The
materials in tho order of their excel-
Hotel Benson
Formerly New Oregon
ITJOW open under
entire new manage-jn-nj
ment. In the re-
(tnement of detail,
excellence of equipment
and superiority of service
is absolutely unexcelled.
Large, light, airy sample
rooms for commercial men.
Every convenience. Cen
trally located. Rates very
moderate. Dining room
service as heretofore. Auto
busses meet all trains.
Portland, Oregon
CARL S. STANLEY. Manager
G. KIRKE DRURY, Ami. Mg r.
Hotel Clifford
East Horriion and Sixth "treats.
Modern In n.r. t.;i .... - i
- - - J ..OB. VI
Katt bj week from S3 up, bj d SO eenta
and up. Sea the Clifford before foiu else
where.
ED. P. BEEVES, Proprietor.
Rowland Hotel & Annex
100 ROOMS '
207-209f Fourth Street
One block from Court House.
Electric Lights, Steam Heat, Hot and
told Water.
Eates 75c, tl.00 and $1.50 per day.
Cheap Weekly Rates.
HOTEL ACKLY
Comer Twelfth ul Stark Street.
Portland, Oregon.'
HATES: 2.50 ner week nn. With nrt.
vite bath, $4.50 tin.
CLEAN OUTRWK ROOMS.
KODEIIN BBIOK BUILDING.
HOTEL CUTLER
SEATTLE, WASH.
Under new management entire
change in all denartments all rooms
redecorated and refurnished. Particu
lar attention is now i.e'.ng paid to
prompt, efficient and courteous service.
DAILY HATES
12.00 TJp With Private Bath
ILO0 TJp Without Private Bath
Hotel Butler Cafe
THE FINEST IN SEATTLE
Service the Best Cuisine Unexcelled
BOBEBT J. ROBINSON
Manager.
Automobile and Motorcycle
uwners
Punctures Repaired In One Minute
Write for Particulars
New and Inexpensive Device.
MANTJFAOTUBERS SALES CO.
Box 966, Portland, Ore.
When In Seattle
TRYTHEFRYE
IT'S NEW
IT'S CLEAN
IT CAN'T BURN
LOCATION IS RIGHT
Only 3 Blocks From Depots
and Docks.
THE SATES ARE RIGHT
$1.00 Per Day and Dp.
THE FRYE IS THE RIGHT
HOTEL FOR tOU.
"IT LOOKS LIKE A HOTEL"
That's What They All Say.
a
UUW U Iblb IMJ
-Overlooking The Ocean -
SEASIDE CLATSOP BEACH OREGON
n rvi
Us liv
mm
TTOTEL MOORE is situated directly on the Pa
cific Ocean shore, and is the only hotel thus
located. Spacious Dining Rooms and Parlors, wide
encircling Verandas and Colonaded Porches. Even
bedroom windows all command Inspiring Views of
the foaming surf and grand marine pictures. Rooms
with or without Baths.
Jf Open all year, Hot Salt Baths. If Sea Foods are a spe
cialty of the cuisine, and everything is strictly first-class.