12
HOME AND FARM MAGAZINE SECTION
Wood Used by Manufacturers
How the Lumber of This County Is Utilized in Manufacturing
Industries.
STATISTICS have been compiled by
the forest service which show for
the first time precisely how the
lirmber produced in the country is util
ized. About 45 billion feot of lumber
of all kinds is the annual production
in the United Statos; of this nearly 25
billion feet, board measure, are further
manufactured, the other portion remain
ing for rough construction lumber and
for similar purposes. This is exclusive
of material which reaches its final use
in the form of fuel, railroad ties, pests,
poles, pulpwood, cooperage, wood dis
tillates, and the barks and extracts de
manded by the tanning industry.
The work of collecting and compiling
.the figures extended over a considerable
period and was carried out state by
state; but as one full year was made
the basis of statistics in each stata, the
total is a fair average of the use of lum
ber in futrher mnufaeture in the whole
country. Between 50 and CO per cent
of the lumber produced is subject to
further manufacture. In preparing the
figures in this way, however, it should
be remembered that considerable ma
terial reaches shops and factories in the
form of logs, bolts and billets without
having passed through sawmills, nd
while this material is included in thest
statistics this fact should be rumem
bered in comparing statistics with those
of lumber production.
Nearly or quite 100 different woods
are used in this country under their
own names, while an unknown number
find their way to shops and factories
without being identified or separately
listed. exeerjt under general names. In
quantity the softwoods, the needlo-leaf
or coniferous tTees, are most important,
but there is a greater number of species
among the hardwoods, or brosdleaf
trees. Yellow pine comes first with
more than 8 billion feet, followed by
white pine with 3 billion, and Douglas
fir with a little more than 2 bil'ioD. It
should be understood, however, that the
term "yellow pine" includes several
species, the three most important of
which are longleaf, shortleaf and lob
lolly. Oak, including all species, has
nearly 2 bilion feet, and is the most im
portant hardwood. Mape eomes next.
Dogwood comes ab.ut halfway down
the list with more than 7 million board
feet, and of those species mentioned
Turkish boxwood comes last, with Jess
than 30 thousand feet, followed by
many others too insijnificant to list,
but making a total of all kinds of more
than a million feet Of the native
species, laurel, holly and yucca fall
very near the foot of the list in relative
quantities used.
Fifty-five principal industries use
wood as raw material. Their relative
importance is hard to indicate, because
Quantity alone is not in all cases
criterion of vlue of an industry to the
community in which it is stiuated, iior
to the eountry as a whole.
More than one-half of the total con
Bumption consists of planing mill pro
ducts, the largest items of which are
flooring, siding, ceiling and finishing.
The next ndustry, in point of quantity
of wood used, is the manufacture of
boxes and crates. Nearly four times as
much wood is demanded by makers of
boxes and crates as by the builders of
team and electric cars, which come
next, and five fold the amount that
goes into furniture, which in torn leads
vehicle manufacture. Vehicles demand
surprisingly large supplies of wood, and
much of it must be of high class in
order to meet requirements for frames,
eears and bodies.
Chairs, listed separately from furni
ture, come after novelties and supplies
for dairymen, poultry keepers and apiar
iats. and just before handles, and musi
eal instruments. About midway down
the list come pumps and wood pipes.
Among tho products important enough
to list separately are canes ana urn
brella sticks, brooms, firearms, artificial
limbs and tobacco pipes.
The aportionment of wood among the
various industries, grades from pianin
mill products, which take most, down
to aeroplanes and dry kilns, at the bot
tom of the list
Decay of Timber
THE most notable progress yet re
corded in the chemical treatment
of timber to prevent decay waB
made in 1913, according to a report re
cently issued by the American Wood
Preservers' Association in eo-operation
with the forest service of tho Depart
ment of Agriculture.
The report states that 93 wood-pre
serving plants in 1913 consumed over
103 million gallons of creosote oil, 26
million pounds of dry zinc chloride, and
nearly 4 million gallons of other liquid
preservatives. With these the plants
treated Over 153 million cubic feet of
timber, or about 23 per cent more than
1912. The output from additional
plants unrecorded would increase the
totals given.
Impregnation of wood with oils and
chemicals to increase its resistance to
decay and insect attack, the report
goes on to say, is an industry which
has become important in the united
States onlv In recent years. In Great
Britain and most of the European coun
tries practically every wooden cross-tie
and telephone or telegraph pole re
eeives preservative treatment In the
United States less than 30 per eent of
the 135 million cross-ties annually con
sumed are treated, and the propert treat
ment of an annual consumption of 4
million poles may be said to have
scarcely commenced.
Seal progress in ' the United States
dates from 1832, when the Kyanising
process, using bichlorides of mercury,
was developed. In 1837 two other
processes were introduced, the Burnett
process using zinc chloride, and the
Bethel process using coal tar creosote.
These last processes are very largely in
use today.
The idea of timber preservation at
first made very slow growth in this
country, on account of the large supply
of cheap and durable timbers and the
general disregard shown toward econ
omy in the use of natural resources. In
1885 there were only three pressure
plants in the United States; and" in
1895 only 15. Since then, however, the
industry has grown rapidly; in 1913
there were 117 plants.
The agricultural experiment station
at Pullman, Wash., is establishing an
arboretum in which it is proposed to
grow a group of each of the important
timber trees of tho temperate sone.
Jack pine trees planted ten years
ago in the sand hills of Nebraska are
now large enough to produce fence posts.
Last year the first seed was gathered
from this plantation.
WHEBE THE WEST BEGINS.
Out where the handelssp's little stronger
Out where smile dwells s little longer
That's where the Weil begins.
Oat where the sun it e little brighter.
Where the snowi tht fall ire trine whiter.
Where the bonds of home are a wee nu
tighter
That's where the West begin.
Oat where the ekies are a trifle bluer,
Out where friendship's a tnne truer
That's where the Wcit begina.
Out where a fresher breese is blowing,
Where there 'a laughter in every streamlet
flowing,
Whore there's more of reaping and less ox
sowing
That's whore the West begins.
'Out where the world Is in the making.
Where lower hearte wilh despair are achina
That's where tho West begins.
Where there's more of singing and less oi
sighing, ....
Where there's more of giving ana i
buying.
Where a man makes friends
trying
That's where the West begina.
ilhont half
The Cheerful Thinker.
I'd lore to pay the income tax,
I'd pay it wilh delight;
I'd pile the stuff In precious stacks
I'd ait up half the night.
I'd try to bo the first to pay
I'd be it if I couls;
And then I'd go my cheerful way
At least, I think I would.
Of course, I'd want an Income big.
So I could pay the more;
The deeper down I hid to dig
The richer stream I'd pour.
If I had coupons piled in racks.
With millions to the good,
How Joyously I'd psr the tax
At least, I think it would.
Cleveland Plain Dealer.
Government flour mills are advocated by
(he minister of agriculture for New South
Wales, Sydney, Australia. He said that the
matter is now before tho cabinot and be
lieves that the government will establish the
mills at tho wheat centers.
7A
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