HOME AND FARM MAGAZINE SECTION
new orchard the trees will grow faster,
the roots go deeper and many of the
Orchard and Garden
insect pests and diseases will be more
easily controlled.
THAT soil and climate combine to
make the Puget Sound country al
most ideal for the cultivation of
tulip, hyacinth and other bulbs on a
commercial scale, bat that until farm
labor can be obtained far more cheaply
than at present, it cannot become a
strong competitor with his own country
is the verdict of G. Hylkema of Helle
gom, Holland, who returned to Seattle
recently after a visit to the United
States government's experiment bulb
farm near Bellingham.
Mr. Hylkema has been interested in
the bulb industry in bis native land
since boyhood and for the last dozen
years or so has been acting as foreign
representative for Van Zanton Brothers,
who own one of the largest bulb nur
series in The Netherlands. He is in
Seattle on his tenth consecutive annual
visit to tho United States and has
travoled over all of Europe and most
of America in the interests of that firm.
Puget Sound Climate.
"The Puget Sound climate is much
the same as that of Holland's," he said,
"and the soil, too, seems admirably
adapted to bulb culture. This is tho con
elusion I reached after looking over the
government bulb farm at Bellingham.
On previous trips to the Pacific North
west I had heard much of this bulb
farm, but not until this trip did I find
timo to visit it. Yesterday 1 spent moat
of the day on tho ground.
"Tho results the government has at
tained are most ereditablo and en
couraging, but from what I have
learned regarding tho labor market
here, it eeoms scaroely probable that
bulb growing will be made a eommer
eial success in competition with JIol
land, though a protective tariff might
some time equalise things. In our bulb
nurseries our, hands aro paid an aver
age of a week for a twelve hours
day, while hero labor of equal skill and
reliability would command at least
'three times that amount, perhaps more.
Different (Standards in Holland.
"Five dollars a week does not aocra
large to Americans, but in Holland a
farm or garden laborer counts himself
ifortonate in getting it, especially since
wo pay onr hands that wage the year
around, doducting nothing for time lost
on account of bad weather conditions
or other misfortunes. A. man can sup
port a lnmily on that wago in Holland,
but his standard of living is by no
means as high, for the high coat of
Jiving is with as in Holland r.nd meat
is more costly there f an here.
, " Although bulb culture is aa old in
dustry and one of importance in Hol
land, it is by no means a large one.
Only a very smnll section of the king
dom, a narrow tract fifteen or twenty
Wiles long between Haarlem and Ley
den, is adapted to it. It is in this
mall district that virtually all the
bnlbs exported are- grown, although
Holland sends to tin Unite! States and
Canada $1,000,000 worth of bulbs an
Dually, and still larger quantities to
other countries. Holland, in fact, sup
plies the world with bulbs, only one
small district in Southern France com
peting with us.
Bulb Gardens.
"The bulb gardens, or nurs?rieis, lie
near the scacoast and to make thorn
several feet of sand, in some places ten
or twelve feet, is removed and carted
away to uncover the sandy loam in
which the bulbs reach perfection. But
to enrich this loam fertiliser is brought
from all over the kingdom by railroads
and the canals which thread the bulb
frrms.
Skill and much patient labor, be
sides capital, is needed in the produc
tion of bulbs on a commercial scale.
Hyacinths, for example, must be cul
tivated for five years before the bulbs
are ready for the market. And the
land on which they are cultivated is
worth $2,500 an acre. Land worth
$1,000 the cheapest used for bulbs
will do for tulips. The winters in Hol
land, like those of Puget Sound, arc
mild, and the bulbs need little protec
tion from frost, but the ground is
mulched four or five inches deep with
traw each fall to prevent the strong
Winds from blowing ths sandy soil
way.
"Tho presence of the many canals
pakesirrigation easy, but much skill
must be used in keeping just the cor
net amount of moisture in the soil."
Waste Crop
SOMETIMES the waste crop is like
the small boy's apple core "they
ain't a-goin' to be none," says the
Fruit Grower. But even in lean years
on fruit, truck and other farms, there
is enough wasted erop to add greatly to
the farm's financial statement for the
year, providing that which went to
waste went, instead, into cans.
Homo canned vegetables and fruits
are more highly prized than the reg
ulation commercial product, and any
quantity above the needs of the family
finds a ready sale. There is one lesson
the homo eanner may learn with profit
from the canning factory. The com
mercial factory seems able to get more
eanned products from a given quantity
or vegetables and fruit that the house
wife, and this difference of handling,
cooking and packing.
Home Canning Outfits.
Homo canning outfits vary in kind
from an open hot water boiler to cook
ing under steam pressure. The latter
method offers a quicker process of
handling, as it requires only about fif
teen minutes to thoroughly cook a batch.
But with either kind of outfit several
hundred cans of fruit or vegetables can
be handled daily with only a moderate
household force to do the work.
Tho home canned goods shonld be at
tractively labeled and the qnality of the
goods and pack carefully inspected. The
selling value is in tho qnality of the
goods, which means that seeds and grow
ing plnnts require careful selectiion, fer
tilizing, cultivating and handling at the
richt time. The higher the canned pro
duct averages in appearance and palat-
ability tho moro money it will brinig on
tho market. Tho second grade will sell
for less, but oven so it will earn a fair
profit.
Beceipea for Canning.
nome canning outfits aro coming in
to larger use each year. Manufacturers
supply buyers with recipes for canning
and preserving according to co.iimereial
canning standards. Can manufacturers,
label markets, and those producing other
supplies aro seening lao irauo ui m
homo eanner.
A broker told recently how this bust
ness is growing to proportions that at
tract the wholesalo grace- and grocery
broker. To get a carload shipment the
broker drove through the eountry buy
ing one hundred to one thousand or more
cans of fruit or vegetables lrom tne
farm housewife. The gids aro graded
re labeled and distributed through the
retail grocer trade. .
It is said the consumption, or nome
. . , . - : . nf
canned looo. is incroaiiiK v
21 prt con'; a year. In this connection
there exists an opportunity lor a num
ber of people.
Dried Sweet-Corn.
If vou ere to hunt through the
grocery stores of a dozen cities it is
almost sure vou couia not una a pounu
n' nld-fashioned dried Eweetcorn. Hark
ing back to the days of our boyhood,
tasting again in memory tne paiaif
ravishing succulence of sundried sugar
seasoned to taste and dressed with
sweet milk, we realize the poverty of
language. But the younger generation,
though it may thinfe tne contrary, uu
never reached the height of corn flavor
unless it has made a feast of this well
nigh forgotten delicacy. ' Someone, one
dozen, or one thousand, who elect to
sun-dry sugar (not field, but sugar)
corn this season; who will pack it in
half and pint round strawboard boxes,
place a label reading "Aunt Hester's
Sun-Dricd Sugar Corn," with the rec
ipe for preparing it also printed there
on, is going to realize a higher price
for corn than they ever knew in all
their lives.
ideal, and a rough rock wall fronting
the ocean would serve splendidly to
protect the garden, and the stones could
be covered on both sides. Muehlen
beckia complexa, the wire vine from
New Zealand, could be grown on the
ocean side, right next to the wave-
washed sands, and in a short while
would so cover and bind the rocks to
gether as to make a permanent protec
tion. On the seawall in its native
country this vine flourishes right in the
ocean spray.
It would be preferable to have this
wall widest at bottom and batter or
slope from each side to a narrow top.
If a core of good soil could be provided
and flat or broken rocks "rip-rapped"
up the sides success would be assured.
On the inside of the wall could be plant
ed, with assurance of vigorous growth
so many sorts of plants that no attempt
will here be made to speeify. Care
should be taken in watering until the
plants are firmly established or the soil
will be washed away. A light but very
frequent spraying should be the pro
gramme. While building, the soiil
shonld be kept rather wet and packed,
and after each watering look over the
wall and fill all chinks and eracks
where soil has washed away or settled
from surface. The common cobbles or
boulders are the very poorest of all
material for such work. Quarrieid or
slab stone is best, and if it is soft and
porous so it will hold water and grow
mossy the effect will be much more
pleasing than with hard impervious rock.
More of this class of work would add a
pleasing varieity to many local gardens.
THE LIFE CAREER
"Schooling in joutli should invariably he
directed to prepare a person in the best way
for the best permanent occupation for which
he is capablt." PrendtutC w. Kliot
This is the Mission of ths ,
OREGON AGBICULTUBALCOLLEfiE
Forty-sixtli School Year Opens
SEPTEHBER 18th, iqm
Write for illustrated ico-page Book
let. "THE LIFE CAREER," and for Cata
log containing full information.
Degree Courses AGRICULTURE :
Agronomy, Animal Husbandry, DairyHus
bandry. Poultry Husbandry, Horticulture.
Agriculture for Teachers. FORESTRY,
Logging Engineering, home eco
nomics: Domestic Science, Domestic Art,
ENGINEERING: Electrical, Irrigation,
Highway, Mechanical, Chemical, Mining.
Ceramics. COMMERCE. PHARMACY.
Industrial arts.
Vocational Cownw-Aericcfture, Dairy
ing, Home Makers' Course, Industrial
Arts, Forestry, Business Short Course,
School of Music Piano, String, Band,
Yoke Culture.
Fanners Botuaea Cotne by Mail Free.
Addrca THS, RKCrSTKAX,
(hr-7-IStoM) CnrvaUii, Oregon
CTJLTIVATIKQ THE OECHABD.
ROOTS of fruit trees go deep into the
soil and for this reason many farm
era who have orchards think there is
no need to cultivate them. This is a mis
take as great benefit can be derived
from cultivation. This is especially
true durinff drv seasonB as the stirring
r. j
of the soil causes the roots to grow
deeper into the ground ana enao.es tnem
tn sret the necessary moisture. Disease
spores on fallen leaves and fruit can be
destroyed by turning under the sod.
Very often insect pests breed under the
trees and by stirring up the sou these
places are destroyed.
In the spring as soon as the ground is
in fit condition is the best time to com
mence cultivating. The cultivatioin
should continue while the tree is malt
ing its season's growth. After the last
plowing it is a good plan to sow Borne
crop which can be turned under as a
fertilizer the following spring.
If frequent cultivation should tend to
make tho trees grow too rapidly and
not to fruit well, then let the. orchard
go back into sod for at while.
It is very necessary to cultivate tne
ELITE PRIVATE
BUSINESS COLLEGE
KAUDB L DBCKEB. A. M.
Principal.
404 Commonwealth Scalding,
Portland, Oregon.
Tf vou ooold onlr realize how
IMPORTANT it is to have
PERSONAL and PRIVATE in
ermrtifins. I am sure vou would
come to the only place SUCH in-
struction can be naa in roruaua.
gPECXAI. KATES
If Ton Enroll Before September 1st
University of Oregon
Thirty-Ninth Ter
New BcUdrn5 JSTew Equipment
Additions to Faculty
Liberal Arts Journalism
and Seicnecs Law
Commerce A rchitectors
and Finance Teaching
Medicine Graduate School
For Catalogue and Literature
Send Postcard to Registrar,
Eugene, Oregon.
s
Rock Gardens
AN EXTENSIVE rock garden may be
found on every large place in Eng
land, and on the continent of Europe
n,r urn lsn finite common. On the Pa
cific Coast they arc less In evidence than
eel in this class of gardening.
This phase of gardening is a sneceess
nv niintnf.n. hut is BBoecially easy of
finished luxuriance in a humid atmos
phere. Down at the coast should prove
0V1ES PAKE MONEY
The
National Amusement Company
PORTLAND, OREGON.
Licensed Under Blue Sky L,w by Corporation Commission of Orsgon.
DIRECTORS.
Melvin G. Winstock, President
National Amusement Co.
John S. Beall, Coast Culvert ft
Flame Co.
W. E. Coman, Gen. Mgr. North
western Electric Co.
A. 8. Stephens, Mgr. Pacifio
Coast Coal Co.
Depositary
Scandinavian-American Bank.
Offers For Sale a Limited
Amount of Stock in
its Company.
Th National Theater, now being erect
ed, to as to fas open and ready for buti"
neu Sptmbr 30, will be one of the
finest Moving Picture Theaters in Port
land, and will pay largo monthly cash
diiidends. Fullest investigation invited.
Shares S100.
WRITE FOR FULL DETAILS.
NATIONAL AMUSEMENT CO.,
Room 3, Pittock Block, Portland, Oregon,
rieasa send me complete information about stock in your
company.
Name .
Address