S
Livestock and Dairy
Knowing the Market Demands and Raising Stock to Meet It.
ITOME AND FARM MAOAZTNE SECTION
THAT at least one-twentieth of all
the stock bred on the open range
of the west dies before it reaches
market age and that much of this loss
an be stopped is shown by results re
ported from the national forests. This
waste is said to add millions of dollars
to the people's meat bill and gives one
more causo of the high cost of living.
Winter storms and Summer droughts
trow the ranges with the bones of cat
tle and sheep; predatory animals take a
heavy toll; poisonous plants sometimes
kill half the animals in a herd almost
night. Cattle contract anthrax,
blackleg and other diseases, get stuck in
bog holes, slip off icy hillsides; and sheep
pile up and die of suffocation. Insect
which madden and kill swell the total
losses as do a multitude of other minor
eauses of death and injury.
How Disease is Prevented.
If any of the animals to be grazed
upon a national forest seem to be suf
faring from disease, the stock is sub
jected to a rigid inspection by the fed
era bureau of animal industry before it
is allowed to enter the forest If an
animal grazing on the forest devolopB
suspicious symptoms the permittee is
requested to remove it. The carcasses
or animals dying from infectious or
communicable diseases must be buried
or burned, preferably the latter. To pro
tect their stock against blackleg per
mittees are encouraged to use vaccine,
furnished free by the department of ag
riculture. Sheep suffering from scab or
from lip and leg disease are barred from
the forests until they have been treated
in conformity with the requirements of
the bureau of animal industry. This co
operation between the two bureaus has
made it possiblo to keep the forest
ranges remarkably free from all forms
Oi stock disease.
Stock Killed by Wild BeasU,
The settlement and development of
the west does not appear to have greatly
reduced the number of animals which
prey upon demestie live stock, and the
loss from that source alone runs into
the millions of dollars each year. With
in the forests, however, the number of
domestic animals killed has been appre
eiably redueed by the campaign against
wild animals waged by the officers of
the service. During the past eight years
forest officers have killod over thirty-
five thousand predatory animals, Con
Luting of coyotes, wolves, bear, moun
tain lion, wild cats, lynx, etc
Poisonous Plants.
The losses duo to poisonous plants
hare been iu the aggregate the most
numerous and the most difficult to guard
against. Stockmen knew generally that
certain flats or valleys or hillsido slopes
could not be used for grazing without
heavy losses of stock, but there was
much doubt as to what caused the loss.
Gradually it was determined that the
losses were due to various species of
plants. Later, it waj learned that in
most instances these plants, while ex
tremoly poisonous during certain periods
of the year, were comparatively innox
ious during the remainder of the graz
iae season. The forest officers deter
mined the various plant species which
cause death or injury of live stock, the
periods during which each species is
dangerous, and the areas of forest land
upon which the plants are sufficiently
abundant to lause losses of stock. The
next step was to devise ways and means
of preventing the losses. Where defi
nite information is obtainable the outer
limits of the poison areas are marked
by warning placards which give the
name of the poisonous plant, the kiad of
stoek to which it is injurious, snd the
period during which it is most harmful.
With this warning, stockmen are en
abled to so handle their stock as to pre
vent the occupancy of the poison area
during its danger period. In cases where
the areas of poisonous plants are com
paratively small the permittees have
been encouraged to fenca them, material
for fence construction being furnished
free of charge by the forest service.
The result of this work has been to re
duce the number of animals lost through
poisonous plants as compared to the
numbers lost several years previously.
Losses From Poison TJnpreventable.
Notwithstanding all precautions which
may be taken against stock poisoning,
losses from this source must be expected.
During the past several years the bureau
of plant industry has been making a
study of poisonous plants and of anti
dotes. In the case of larkspur, for ex
ample, the bureau has determined meth
ods of treatment which are reasonably
successful, undor normal conditions. The
only difficulty has been that the ani
mals suffering from poison are generally
out upon tho open range and may not be
observed by their owner until it is too
late to apply an antidote. The forest
service has, therefore, arranged to meet
this situation in an experimental way
by equipping a limited number of
rangers with hypodermic syringes and
the necessary chemicals. Armed with
this equipment a forest officer ean in
few moments administer a treatment
which may save a $40 steer.
is kept in the troughs before the horses
all tho time and they eat all they want.
In addition they get alfalfa hay in
racks. In appearance the horseB were
all that could be desired, no such glossy
skins ever having been seen on this
market. On this feed fat can be loaded
on horses until it sticks out in lumps.
One pair fed 101 days, weighed 2,100
pounds when yarded and 2,880 when
loaded out. When yarded they cost
$180, ate $62 worth of feed and sold for
$307.50.
White Scours.
This disease may show itself within
day or two after the calf is born.
This disease is quite distinct from
diarrhea eauBed by mistakes in feeding.
Usually the calf manifests but few evi
dences of life, and will be found lying
stretched out in a semi-conscious con
dition, the bowel discharges of a whit
ish color and very offensive, ana tne
calf dies within a few hours. ,The dis
ease is highly contagious. The thing to
do is to get busy and prevent its spread.
Destroy by burning the calves that have
died. Thoroughly disinfect tne siaoiea
Until this has been done remove all th
cows yet to freshen into new quarters.
Spray the bedding material with a caT
bolic solution (J oz. to the quart.) at
once tie the navel string of the newlj
born calf with a cord catorated with
the carbolic solution. The stump of the
cord should then be washed with the
following solution: iodine, dram;
iodide of potassium, 4 dram; water, 1
quart. Wherever this disease develops
thorough disinfection of toe stau
should immediately follow. Formalin
is a simple disinfecting agent; use 1
part of formalin to 30 parts of water
whan it can be used as a wasa or a
spray.
WITH THE HOMES.
The big, clumsy horse iB the fellow
that suffers from the heat most as i
general rule.
If a colt has not style enough natural
ly to hold his head high, high mangers
will not make him do it.
A horse's usefulness is measured by
its strength and rapidity of movement
rather than by size and weight.
If you have a horse which the woman
and children can drive safely, think
twice before you sell it.
In breaking a colt, remember that it
is an easy matter to overload and ruin
him by causing him to balic
Sprained tendons and joints are often
the effect or long grown floors con
tinualiv stamping on solid floors.
Study to feed a balanced ration. Do
not overlook the mineral value oi eacn
feed, especially for young stock.
The well bred draft horse is always
in demand, and tho farmer that breeds
it constantly is the one that makes the
most profit in htirscs.
The patient mule is not much for
speed, but be keeps going and usually
arrives on time.
A mulo never seems to be Teally
frightened at anything. When ho runs
away he does it through pure love of
mischief.
EARN CHIROPRACTIC
A actanre that eaeeu llie need of evary one who
b wsk. MEN and WOMEN are aaeceaahl pre
tihonnrs. EateraprofaNoathatflukefyoutiMl
peodeot, and bnati tou mon?. We hive the bt
oouim. Clasminr&nDiag. wBUKStGATAlO,.
Pacific Chiropractic College
COMMONWEALTH BUILDING
PORTLAND. OB13QM
HIDES
FOBS, WOOL, FELTS. ETC.
HIBBAtD-STEWART CO,
Seattle, Wuh.
Write for Price List and
Shipping Tags.
(Pleaie met-tion this paper.)
LOSSES SURELY PREVEafED
Calter'e BlaatlM PUN. Low-
irlewt fieeh. reliable prefemd by
ettaro stockmen became nay ara.
taat trkara attar iraaeiaat fall.
for booklet and teatlmoalala.
pkia. Blaeklaa Pilla 11.00
akin. BlaaMee Pllla 4.00
TTm anv lniertar. but CutteTa MIL
ha atmaHoribr of Cntlrrr rjraductfl b due to over II
loan or apeclaiuing in naeiaaa aaa aaraiaa obit.
Inalat on Cuttar'a. if unobtainable, order direct
THE CUTTER LABORATORY. Berkeley, CatHorwfa.
BLACK
f ft Writ for
Experts Agree
The Beferee Board of Coa
enlting Scientific Experts of
the V. 8. Dept. of Agriculture
agree as to the whalesomenesai
Of alnrninrnn, compounds SUCfl
as used in
Baking
Powder
Write us for
e o p y of TJ. 8.
Bulletin No. 103
Dept. of Agri
culture. One Price
25c a pound
AliGBOCEBS .
Crescent Musf actnrag Co.
SEATTLE, WiittlMCTOM
YOU CAN EARN $50.00 PiAJ
lets laanramd Stands
Wall Drttllna aamcklaal
FreeineTSaad of
II 1 JU
Aebfirarwtee7VtaetTad
Hu mod oi ckaSoa 130 (est
and ofvring eaaau ia 9 boon.
raVrJon in aaLMSaa
fa i liaallyrfiniiififrlfca)
tmirroa. Cataioaua V2
SEIERSOs llACHaSErr CO.,ajatTa. Pert, Or
High silos filled
with small engines
Few farmers, outside of Blizzard owners and their
neighbors, realize what big result can be secured
with regular farm engines, bitched to the
BLIZZARD Cutter
It is very easy running, be
cause simple in construction.
Heavy fly wheel carries both
cutting knives and elevating
fans, resulting in a tremen
dous cutting capacity and
throwing force, which tosses
the silage to the top of tho
highest silos without hitch.
Even cut Nag
The shear cut of the Blizzard
' results in even -cut silage,
which packs well, gives a silo
larger capacity, keeps better,
and makes better wed.
Weed Seeds In Silage Killed.
That the seeds of the common field
wieds when siloed with corn, peas or
any other forage used sj silage will not
retain sufficient vitality to germinate
in the spring when returned to tho land
mixed with manure is the belief Of ex
periment station men. While "ere are
not experiments on record with regard
In the combined chemical action oi
silaee and manure on the gern ination
of soeds, it is quite likely tnat tuero is
little danger of seeding valuable fields
with noxious wceus in this manner.
Syrup-Fed Horses Go East.
A samplo of the results gained from
the new system of corn-and syrup-feeding
now practiced in the west appeared
lost week, some few loads from Ne
braska being stopped at Chicago and
eleven moro coins: on to Eastern points.
Figures show that on a mixturo of
chaffed alfalfa, beet sugar-house syrup
and corn, big-boned horses ca be
coaxed to gain between 4 and 5 pounds
a dav for 100 days or more. The mess
.r v
Thoroughly afo
During the entire 15 years on
the market there has not been
one bad accident with a Blis- "
card. Ail working parts cov
ered by steel guards. All
machines tested at factory
under speed of 500 revolu
tions per minute.
Easy to run-durable
Anyone ean set up
Iand run a Blizzard.
Tighten six burrs
when it comes, and it
is ready to nse, Bepair expense
is very Light on a Blizsard and
it lasts for many years.
Talk wtth anJ with tho
Blizzard users Come In for a Blizsard catalog and a little talk
concerning this efficient cutter. Also ask for names of Blitzard
users nearby, so you can ask them about the catting and elevating
capacity of the Elisurd and all about it,
ILL- J,:!-.. A Valuable Book FREE to Those interested in
s This Subject In Bequesting It Use the Coupon,
rayi POBTULND, SPOKANE AND BOISE.
Send me your free book,
My silo Is 1 1. .. -
Name . ,
F ft H P. O
'Why SOage Pays."
feet high.
Free Homesteads
We make a speeialty of Western Canada homesteads and are the only
reliable party on the Coast that is locating settlers on Canadian land.
We locate you on the very best mixed farming land in Western Canada.
We can locate you on 320 acres on good sandy loam soil, mostly prairie,
located east from Edmonton. We can locate you on 160 acres of black
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there is plenty of water for irrigation. The lands east of Edmonton
are more adapted to wheat raising. We locate you for $30. Parties
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of getting a homestead in Western Canada as good as you can get now.
We also have a few nice claims in Southeastern Oregon of 320 acres
each that we can locate you on and that we can recommend and guar
antee. CANADIAN HOMESTEAD CO.
73 SIXTH STREET, POBTLAND, OEEOON.