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HOME AND FARM MAGAZINE SECTION
Information on Raising Hogs in Northwest
Why Men Who Try to Raise Hogs on Pasturage Alone Frequently Become Discouraged.
Sr -Jf - SSSSikA tiller
Herds
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S The following is a verbatim
3 report of an address made by
Byron Hunter, vice director of
the state bureau of farm devel
opment, to a meeting of East
ern Washington swine produc
ers. HOG-RAISERS quite frequently make
one of two mistakes; a frequent one
being the trying to inakt a hog on
pasture alone. In my woik among hog
raisers, I have noticed the -.nen who are
enthusiastic and are not discouraged
about the business, are those who feed
a liberal grain ration along with pas
turage. The man who is trying to make
tho hog grow on pasturage alone almost
invariably is discouraged. He says there
is nothing in it, and ho is right. There
is nothing in raising hogs that way.
Then, ngan, in order to oeonomieally
produee pork, we must prepare crops
that the hog can handle himself. If we
expect a hog to cat a large quantity of
pasturage, it must bo attractive.- it is
better to have the pasture cut up in sev
eral lots, feeding first in one and then
the other. In this way the hog cau be
started in a clean, fresh pasture. Better
results are obtained in that way. Also,
handled in that way, the pasture will
handle a much larger number of stock
per acre.
In studying the use of different crops
in connection with tho production of
hogs in the states of Idaho, Oregon and
Washington, I have become very favor
ably impressed with the result.! obtained
where the hogs are allowed to do their
own harvesting.
For instance, the average cost of husk
ing and cribbing a fifty or sixty bushel
crop of com is about five cents per
bushel. As the yield decreases, tho cost
per bushel increases. It costs from
twenty to forty cents a bushel to har
vest and market wheat in the wheat
belt. Tho cost Varies with the vield.
the method of harvesting, threshing, the
distance to market and so on. Naturally
when the crop is hogged off these ex
penses are very materially reduced.
Crops That Are Suitable.
Then again, most of the crops that are
suitable for hogging off are utilized dur
ing the busy season of the year when it
is very desirable that the hog has as
little attention as possible, the farmers
being busy in other directions. The
vegetable matter in the soil is material
ly increased by being broken up and
tramped in by the pigs, making plowing
under easier. The droppings of the an
imals are quite evenly distributed over
the field, whereas, in feeding lots or
pens the manure is deposited about the
feeding places. Hogging off a crop also
gives the pig exercise, and compels him
to chew his feed much better than when
the threshed grain is fed.
Following I shall give the results of
my observations in the use of different
crops used for hogging off in the states
of my territory, and some of the re
sults obtained in this practice.
Winter wheat is a pasture crop suit
able in the more humid parts of the
wheat belts ot Idaho, Oregon and Wash
ington. Planted early in September
depending upon the rains this crop is
used for pasturage approximately from
October 15 to November 15; and, in the
spring following, from March 15 until
about June 1. Clover planted the prev
ious year is used April 10th to December
1st. Alfalfa planted the previous year
r K used from ApriJ 15th to November
of Swine, Following the Large Combines,
15th. Kale and rape planted in April or
May are used June 15th to December
15th. Winter wheat sown early in May
is used June 1st to November 15th.
Wheat sown in corn at the last cultiva
tion of the corn is used September 15th
to November 15th. .The stubblefield
may be used from the time the crop is
off, about August 1st, till the ground is
worked the following spring.
Now, as to winter feeds to be used
in connection with grain:
Prominent among these is found al
falfa hay and the . root crops arti
chokes, carrots, turnips and the like.
Wheat often is fed in tho straw in
bundles or in other unthreshed forms.
Alfalfa hay is fed either in ricks or
run through the chopper, soaked for
twelve hours, and mixed with grain
rolled wheat, barley or whatever may
be used. White French sugar beets,
mangels, carrots and the like as men
tioned, form a succulent part of a ra
tion, the grain being fed in addition
to the roots. Artichokes are used
mainly in the late fall after alfalfa and
clover cease to furnish pasturage and
until the grpund is frozen up; then,
again in the early spring, as soon as
the frost is out of the ground and the
soil settled. The hogs root tho arti
chokes out. All hogs used for breeding
purposes can be carried through the
winter just as well on unthreshed
wheat or field peas.
Crops Used for Hogging-Off.
Winter wheat planted early in Sep
tember or October should bo ready
about tfuly 10th to September 1st. If
one has not winter wheat, beardless
barley sown in the early spring can be
used from July 10th to the beginning
of the winter rains, or until the stubble
field is open. Field peas sown in the
early spring is ready about July 15th,
or can be used from July 15 to Novem
ber 1st. Spring wheat would be ready
July 25 to September 15. Corn plant
ed May 1st to 20th would be used Sep
tember 1 to November 15.
Blue barley sown in the early spring
and allowed to stand in the field until
the fall rains have softened it can be
used during the late fall and winter.
All of the uses of different forage
crops and grain I have mentioned are
found now actually in use in the three
states named, over which the rainfall
averages from 20 to 25 inches.
To show that it is feasible to use
these crops in this way, Mr. Hunter cit
ed a number of demonstrations which
have been performed under his direc
tion by different farmers
Mr. W. H, Steen, of Umatilla coun
ty, Oregon, hogged off eleven acres of
wheat that was seeded on a side hill
which was too steep to permit the op
eration of harvesting machinery upon
it, in March, 1910. This land had
never been farmed before. When the
wheat was in the stiff dough, July 17,
ninety head of hogs were weighed and
turned into the field. When they had
cleaned up the field, August 24th, they
were again weighed. The gain was 160
pounds per acre. At nine cents a
pound the price of pork at that time
the net profit per acre for the standing
grain was $14.40. This was on land
that previously had produced only a
little early spring pasture.
Utilizing Stump Land.
These same hogs were weighed and
turned into 178 acres of stubblefield
that had been cut with a combined har
vester. The land was level and a good
job of harvesting had been done. While
in the field the hogs made a gain of
11.73 pounds per acre. At nine cents
Fatten on Grain Which Is Otherwise
a pound this amounts to $1.05 an acre.
In harvesting grain on steep land the
waste is frequently as much as ten
times more than that on the land owned
by Mr. Steen upon which this experi
ment was made. The profits of clean
ing a field with hogs would be in pro
portion to the waste.
In the fall of 1910 Mr. Steen also
hogged off 11.43 acres of standing bar
ley. This was also seeded on virgin
steep side hill. Tho barley was allowed
to stand in the field until the fall rains
had softened the kernels. Eighty head
of hogs were weighed and turned into
the field. During November they
gained from the 11.43 acres 201 pounds
per acre, worth -eight cents a pound
a gain from tho barley, per acre, of
$10.08.
Mr. Hunter claims that there are
thousands of acres of steep side hill
land in the wheat belts of Washington,
Idaho and Oregon that could be used
in the way above indicated to economi
cally and profitably produce pork. In
order to get an accurate comparison of
the results obtained from hogging off
certain crops and from harvesting sim
ilar ones, Mr. Hunter had arranged a
demonstration on tho farm of Mr. M. E.
Schreck, of western Whitman county,
Washington. In July, Mr. Schreck
fenced off 7 3-16 acres of standing
wheat of his main wheat field, When
the wheat was in the stiff dough he
weighed and turned in 109 head of
hogs on July 30th. August 17, when
they had cleaned up the field they were
reweighed, the gain per acre being 235
pounds per acre. The cost of putting
in and taking out the fence, allowing
one-tenth for depreciation of the fence,
and the cost of hauling the bogs to mar
ket amounted to $1.48 per acre,,. Al
lowing eight eents per pound for pork
the gain was $18.82 per acre. Deduct
ing,, the expense items for fencing and
marketing left a -net gain per acre from
the standing grain when hogged off of
$-7.34 per acre.
The rest of the field was harvested
and hauled to the warehouse, and there,
the receipts showed a yield of 18 bush
els per acre. At 69 cents per bushel
the price of wheat at that time this
acreage yield was worth $12.77. De
ducting the cost of heading, threshing,
sacks and hauling amounted to $5.17
per acre, leaving a net return of $7.60
per aero for the wheat when harvested
instead of being hogged off.
It should be said, however, that
these hogs had access to somo ere"en
food, alfalfa and sorghum.
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