HOME AND FARM MAGAZINE SECTION
livestock and Dairy
Facts About Care of Farmers' Feeders and Aids to Greater Milk Production,
THE dairy industry falls naturally in
two divisions, namely, dairy-farming
and dairy manufacture. The
Washington State Collego, Dairy Depart
ment, follows this plan in its instruc
tion: ;
The work of giving milk tests and
running hand separators, whieh was giv
en in the earlier life of this depart
ment, of the college is still given; but
in addition, it is realized that students
must have actual practice in the feeding
and testing of cows. Students are re
quired to spend at least three whole
days six different milkings at the
dairy stables. They must be present at
the milking, weigh the milk and test
each lot of milk for fat, figure how
much fat the cow gives for the day,
-End for the three davs. Each student
is given four cows. They weigh the sil
age, hay and grain every cow eats, and
at the end of the time, obtain the prices
of the different feeds and determine
whether or not the cow is making a
profit.
In milk inspection, the students are
given score cards and score dairies in
the vicinity, and mako suggestions for
improvements in each case. In the lab
oratory the students also are given sam
ples of milk, of which they determine
the bacterial count, sediment test, and
so on, the Bame as is done in the inspec
tion work of the larger cities of the
country.
Dairy Barn Plans.
They mako dairy barn plans, show
ing not only the arrangement of the in
terior, but also giving the estimate of
.the cost of instruction. In tho work in
market milk production, students pas
teurize, standardize and bottle milk.
The demand for different kinds' of milk
varies. Some patrons like s high per
cent of fat in the milk, and are willing
to pay for it. Others merely want the
legal standard, tl is therefore neces
aary to make two or even three grades
of milk. All milk is run through a
clarifier, thereby taking out the sedi
ment and making it more wholesome.
The dairy department receives cream
from about three hundred patrons, half
in Idaho and half in Washington. The
patrons are scattered in an aroa sur
rounding Pullman for about twenty-five
miles in all directions. This not only
gives tho farmers a chance to market
their products, but gives the students
nonsh milk to work with. About fifty
thousand pounds of butter and six thou
sand gallons of cream are turned out.
The work is done mainly by students.
They study the methods of handling pa
Irons, keeping the accounts of patroiiB,
and so on.
' The college is located in the heart of
the extensive grain producing region of
Eastern Washington; yet, in the short
time the department has undertaken op
erations on tho present large scale, the
number of cows within a twenty-five
mile radius of Pullman have doubled,
and a sood cow in this region now com
mands a much higher price than a few
years ago. Many farmers have shipped
in good cows, brought in breeding stock
to build up their herds, and are rapidly
turning toward dairying and live-stoen
production, who a few years ago were
heedless of the opportunity in this di
rection. Attitude of Fanners.
Some interesting facts concerning the
attitude of farmors toward this type of
farming is gleaned from the experience
of the Dairy Department. The farmers
ks a rule desire to know and to be
ahown that thoy are getting honest
treatmont. If a farmer bolieves he is
not receiving his due for any crop, he
will turn from the crop, and this is par
ticularly true of the dairy business in
B country wherein dairying does not
have a strong foothold.
There are several margins of error in
whieh creamery operators may, inten
tionally or unintentionally, docoivo their
patrons. One is in inaccurate weights.
Another abuse, more prevalent perhaps,
is the erroneous teBt. Not understand
ing tho test of cream as he too often
does not the farmer would asaume that
cream is testod tho Bame as milk. Cream
Should not be measured the same as
milk, but, rather, should be weighed out
on a dolicate balance so that the exact
amount of cream will be in the test bot
tle. On account of the variability of
the fat content, and therefore the vari
ability of any definite volume of crean
this error is exceedingly great; that is
the cream testing in the neighborhood
of forty per cent by accurate test wil
teBt only about thirty-five per cent 1.'
tested as the milk is tested. If th
farmer does not understand that ther.
is a difference in the testing of mill
and of cream, he might be led to believe
that the thirty-five per cent is correct.
Errors in Beading.
Another margin of error is in the
reading of the test, which must be made
at a temperature between 120 and 14C
degrees Fahrenheit. If the reading if
done at a lower temperature, the fat
will contract and show a low reading;
and, on the other hand, if done at a
higher temperature, the fat will expand
and show a high reading. After the
completion of the test, it is necessary to
temper the test tubes by placing them
water at a temperature of 120 to
140, so that the fat will be at that tern
pcrature when the reading ib taken. A
ariation of one to three per cent might
be expected in a variation of ten to
thiry degrees of temperature.
By instructing the patrons as to what
errors are possible, and showing them
that it is to their interest to see that
this testing is carried on properly, the
confidence of the patrons is obtained;
which is highly important m the up
building of a dairy community.
The State College sends out supervis
ors who are interested in the dairy work
and who want to study dairy stock and
methods of management. Twenty dif
ferent breeders of pure stock in Wash
ington are now requesting and receiving
these official tests.
Students' Opportunity.
It is found that two or three days to
a week are usually spent at one farm.
Thus the student is given a chance not
only to 'observe the cattle from the
standpoint of type, but also is given
practice in official testing; and, above
all, is given a chance to discuss with the
breeder his methods of breeding and
management, which is useful experience
to the student and is impossible to ob
tain in the ordinary class room and lab
oratory work of the college. The De
partment of Dairying figures that a
week spent by a student out in the
field is worth a month at the college.
They get accurate ideas concerning the
scoring of stock, of barns and dairies,
and in the manufacture of butter, ice
cream and cheese, and the dairy busi
ness in general. Some of the cows the
students score in their trips are the best
in the world. For example: Lily of
Willowmore, an Ayrshire owned by J.
W. Clise, of Seattle, and that yielded
22,106 pounds of milk in a year; Neth-
erall Browney, also in the Clise herd at
Redmond, Washington, yielding 18,100
pounds , of milk. The champion four
year-old Holstoin cow in the world
Bessie Homestead is owned by David
Monroe, of Spokane. She produced 34.95
pounds of butter in seven days. Margie
Newman, owned by Charles hldndge, of
Chimacum. produced 3.555 pounds of
milk In 30 days. Hazelwood Aggie De
Kol, of the Hazelwood herd at Spokane,
yielded 624.8 pounds of milk and 34.9
pounds of butter in seven aayfc
Why do the leading merchants
of Portland and the Northwest
call upon BEHNKE-WALKER
BUSINESS COLLEGE for thor
oughly competent, well-trained
helpt Eight hundred and forty
three firms have called on us
for one or more stenographers or
bookkeepers since AuguBt 1,
1913. Over 2000 of our students
are holding lucrative positions in
Portland alone. Let ns prepare
you and furnish yon a position
when competent,
Write no trouble to answer.
BUSINESS COLLEGE.
Portland, Oregon.
100
BEAUTIFUL AND COLORED
POST CARDS
Many Are Bica, Bare Pictures of
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Also a Self -Filling
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All for only 50 cents
The Greatest bareain in beautiful
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Manv are hard to obtain and have
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These will go quickly to all lovers of
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rare art pictures of well developed
models.
A reliable self filling fountain pen
free with each order. These alone have
snld for one dollar in stores.
The 100 beautiful cards and pen all
for but 50c and 10c in stamps for post
age.
ART PORTRAYAL CO.
DAYTON, OHIO.
Special Hosiery Offer
Guaranteed Wear-Ever Hosiery Tot
Men and Women
Ladies' Special Offer
For Limited Time Only
Six pir of our finest 35e value ladles'
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SPECIAL OFFER FOB MEN
For limited time only, six pairs of OCT
finest S5e value Our an teed Bom any eolol
with written guarantee and a pair of out
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You know these hose; they stood the teil
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Don't delay, send in you order before
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WEAB-EVEB HOSIERY COMPANY,
Dayton, Ohio.
ffgilj
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Hotel
SAVOY
SEATTLE
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Building absolutely
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steel aod marble -
iDBortARrua
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Roome f 1 .00 per imr n
Room with privato bath 2.00 mm
fa
$60.00 A WEEK AND EXPENSES
That's the money you should get this year. I mean it. I want
County Sales Managers quick, men or women who believe in
the square deal, who will go into partnership with me. No ex
perience needed. My folding Bath Tub has taken the country
by storm. Solves the bathing problem. No plumbing; no
water works required. Full length bath in any room. Folds in
small roll, handy as an umbrella. I tell you it's great! GKEATI
Rivals $100 bath room. Now listen I I want YOU to handle
-our county. I'll furnish demonstrating tub on liberal plan.
I'm positive absolutely certain you can get bigger money in
a week with me than you ever made in a month before
I KNOW IT I
TWO BALES A DAY $300 A MONTH
That's what you Bhould git every month. Needed in every
home, badly wanted, eagerly bought. Modern bathing facili
ties for all the people. Take orders right and left. Quick
ales immense profits. Look at these men. Smith, Ohio, got
IB oraers nrsi ween; jneyern, n c, piuu
first month; Newton, California, $60 in three
dayB. You should do as well. 2 SALES A DAY
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means a business of your own.
6
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. o.
H. 8. ROBINSON
President
500 Tines St Toledo,
Little eanital
needed. I grant cre
dit Heln vnn nut
Back you no Don't doubt
Don't heaitate Don't hold hrk
Yon cannot lorn. Mv nthot man M
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Act then quick, SEND NO MONEY just name on
penny post card for free tub offer. Hustle I
t- n ' Wit Mil ism I I I
BLACK
LEG
LOSSES SURRY PREVENTED
by Cutter's Blaeklee Pins. Low
priced, fresh, reUable; preferred by
western stockmnn because thty pra
tast where ether vaselnas fark
Write for booklet and testimonials.
le-aoa ant. niatktsf puis i.oo
50-dote skis. BlaeklM Pills 4.0
TTM inv tnlMtm-. httt CnttM btntL
The suuerlorltr of Cutter nroducti la due to over IS
yean of specialising- In vaetlnel and strums only.
insist en cutters. ir unnM&inanie. order direct.
THE CUTTER LABORATORY, Berkilty, Ctliteraifc
A Fiftcen-Thousand-Dollar Cow
iHI8 pletnre of the World's Beeord
I Cow was recently secured by the
Goo. B. Moltel Cow Co. for the ex
clusive use of this Magazine. Hor
name is Elzovere Barnum Do Kol and
she ia a registered Holstcin Friesian.
This xow recently sold for $15,000.
She is the mother of six daughters (all
Here is
record-breakers) and one ton.
her record for one month: '
Milk ..22!t.30 pounds
Butter 115.23 pounds
Average Buttor Fat 4.02 pounds
Oregon and Washington can and will
soon be producing cows of a similar
grade.
HIDES
FURS, WOOL, PELTS, ETC
HIBBABD-STEWABT CO.,
Seattle, Wash.
Write for Price List and
Shipping Tags.
(Pleaso mention this paper.)
We will sell you
HIGHGRADES'ajREGISTEEED COWS
and loan yon th money to bsy then wltk.
MOKELCOWCO.
007 Commercial Block, Portland, On,
J