10
HOME AND FARM MAGAZINE SECTION
A Weekly Page of Poultry Hints to You
Here Is a Department Full of Bright Ideas for Readers of the Home and Farm Magazine Section.
OP THE VARIOUS kijids of live
stock, poultry is most widely
adapted to suburban conditions for
several reasons. It can be handled suc
cessfully on a very small amount of
land. The waste products from the
kitchen and the table may be used to
advantage as feed. The care of the
chickens is pleasant work, is compara
tively simple, and may be done by any
member of the family. Eggs and dressed
poultry are always in demand and may
be sold to advantage in any quantity,
or used at home, thus furnishing
strictly fresh product which is hard to
secure under general market conditions;
and in addition, the care of poultry
may provide recreation for adults, em
ployment and good discipline for the
children, and be a source of income to
the housewife, or saving in the food
account, for the family.
The following breeds are among the
most popular in this country: Plymouth
Bocks, Wyandottes, Bhode Island Beds,
Orpingtons and Single-Comb White Leg
horns. The Leghorns belong to the
egg-laying class of fowls, lay a white
egg and are especially adapted to large,
commercial egg farms, or to sections
where a white egg brings a premium
over brown eggs.
The other breeds belong to the general-purpose
class, and lay brown eggs.
They are better adapted to the average
person, or the farmer who keeps only
a small number of fowls, as they are
good layers and also make good table
poultry. Another advantage of the general-purpose
breeds is that they will
hatch eggs and brood their chickens,
while the Leghorns, and other breeds
of the egg-laying class are non-setters.
Methods Are Many.
A great variety of methods of feed
ing and caring for poultry are used
successfully. Hatching and brooding, or
rearing chickens under hens, is the best
method to use where a small number
of chickens are raised, and especially
if the care is apt to be irregular. In
cubators and brooders may be used also,
but they increase the cost of equip
ment considerably. Chickens can be
reared under hens successfully by keep
ing the hens confined in the brood eoop,
while allowing the ehickens to room at
will.
When many fowls are kept in a
small space, the ground becomes so
foul that in time it becomes difficult
to rear chickens with good success. In
order to avoid this condition, it is ad
visable to divide the lot and sow part
of it with some of the quick-growing
grains such as oats, wheat or rye.
By this method the yards may be
rotated every three or four weeks dur
ing the growing season, turning the
hens onto the growing grain when it is
a few inches high. A good combina
tion of grains is oats and wheat in equal
parts, sowing six or seven bushels to
the acre (43,560 square feet), and nsing
wheat alone for the last seeding in the
fall.
Fresh Alt Essential.
The prime essentials in poultry
houses are fresh air, dryness, sunlight
and space enough to keep the birds
comfortable. Allow about four square
feet of floor space per bird for the gen
eral-purpose breeds, and three square
feet for the smaller breeds. A good
egg-laying ration may be made of a
dry mash of equal parts of eorn meal,
bran, middlings and beef scrap, which
is kept before the birds in a hopper all
of the time; and a scratch ration of
equal parts of eorn, wheat and oats fed
in a litter four to five inches deep
twice daily. Begulate this feed so that
the birds eat about one-half mash and
one-half scratch grain, whieh will mean
feeding about one quart of mixed grains
daily to 12 Plymouth Bock hens, or to
14 Leghorns. In order to utilize the
waste table products to the best ad
vantage, a moist mash may be need
in place of the dry mash, feeding ones
daily. If it contains much meat, table
scraps may be substituted for the beef
scrap; if not, merely add it to the mash
given above.
The selection of stock is a matter of
considerable importance, as a great deal
of one's success or failure with poultry
depends upon the individual specimens
used to breed from. Care, should be
taken to select the early maturing, fast-
Tacoma Will Hold Big Poultry Show
Championship Meeting Is December 29 to January 2, and Special
Prises Are Offered.
TACOMA will give a championship
show this season. At a recent
meeting a resolution was passed to
offer special prizes on all birds that had
won either first, second or third prize
at any show held after September 1st,
1014. The Tacoma show will be held
December 29, 1914, to January 2, 1919.
In order to compete for these prizes
the exhibitor in making his entries will
state where his birds won whether it
be fair or show, and the judge who
placed the awards.
In entering championship class the
exhibitor pays (1 extra on all birds
he enters. This dollar goes to the cham
pionship fund, which will be divided as
follows:
First money 50 per eent.
Second money 30 per cent.
Third money 20 per cent.
In other words, all money taken in
for championship entries will be paid
back to the class in the shape of prem
iums to the variety that pays in the
money. This premium, money will be
extra provided one of the champion
ship birds happens to win first, seeond
or third in the regular awards.
A special entry blank will be sent
with the regular blanks, on which the
exhibitors must enter championship
birds.
For further particulars, write to J. A.
Caddey, secretary, P. O. Box 1028, Ta
coma, Wash.
Poultry Lice Killer
Recipe Given
H
EBE is one of the best possible
recipes for a poultry lice killer,
and one guaranteed to do the work.
1. Bisulphate Carbon................2 ounces
2. Carbolic Acid 8 ounces
3. Oil of Tar 1 ounce
4. Kerosene Oil . ............. 64 ounces
Mix Nos. 1, 3 and 3 in a receptacle
large enough to hold one gallon. Into
this pour No. 4 very slowly, stirring
vigorously during the mixing. Ton can
purchase the first three ingredients at
any drug store, and they can be mixed
at ones. The kerosene, one-half gallon,
can be added from your home stock,
and should be 150 degrees fire test.
The mixture should be kept tightly
corked and it will last indefinitely.
Directions for use With a brush, a
baby broom answers excellently, paint
the walls, floors, roots, nests, boxes,
dropping boards, etc., of the poultry
bouse thoroughly. In special eases paint
the bottom and sides of the box and
confine the fowl within, covering the
Box with a sack for three hours. If you
wish to note the effeet, put a white
cloth on the bottom of the box before
putting in the hen. Do not put chicks
in the box. It will be sufficient to sub
ject the mother hen to the special treat
ment, as the odor from her feathers will
Do Not Sell Eggs
From Incubators
growing pullets. Hens will not, as
rule, lay until they are well matured;
consequently it can be readily seen thatkm the lice on the ehieks,
the slow-growing breeds will not begin
to lay as soon as the former.
A good index to a hen's ability to
pay a profit over the cost of feed and
labor is her ability to be continually
on the move.
It is advisable to keep but one breed
of pure-bred fowls, as the product from
a flock of the same variety is more uni
form than that from a flock of mixed
breeds of mongrel stock.
Healthy Flock Needed.
It takes a healthy, well-fed flock to
produce eggs. Fowls must not be al
lowed to become too fat, as but few
eggs will be laid by hens In such con
dition. To prevent their getting over
fat, it is best to make them work for
most of their feed by scratching in the
litter, of which there should be about
four inches on the floor. This litter
can be of straw, leaves or chaff, and
should always be kept dry.
A good feed for egg production is
one composed of eorn, wheat and oats,
equal parts by measure. It is advisable
to use home-grown grains whenever pos
sible. In sections where eorn and oats
do not thrive, other grains ean be used
to good advantage; for example, a mix
ture of equal parts, by measure of kafir
corn, oats and barley will produce good
results. Scatter a small handful of this
mixture for every three hens in the
litter morning and noon, and give them
all they will eat of it in a V-shaped
trough at night. In the winter time
Lsome green feed should be fed at noon;
cabbage or mangel-wurzels, either chop
ped or whole, are good. Every few
days look in the litter carefully and
see if the fowls are eating all the grain
being given them; if not, reduce the
quantity. Fowls that have to work
for what feed they get seldom become
overfat. Grit and oyster shells in a
hopper should always be kept before
them. The grit is need to grind their
feed, and the oyster shell furnishes the
lime for the eggshells, e sure to keep
water before them at all times. Birds
that are laying drink much more water
than those that are not laying. The
water should be kept out of the direct
rays of the sun.
The period of time it takes to batch
eggs of the domestic hen is 21 days.
There are two methods of incubation
and. brooding, namely, natural and -M-ficial.
in natural incubation and brood
ing the hen is allowed to sit on a nest
of eggs and brood or mother the young
chicks when hatched.
A NUMBER of poultry raisers, it seems,
are putting on the market infertile
eggs that have been tested in incubators
from three days to a week. As soon as
the breeder finds that the eggs will
not hatch he takes them out and sends
them to market along with his fresh
spring eggs. After the eggs have been
in the incubator for this period they are
distinctly stale and rot very quickly if
kept any length, of time. Even srhen
just taken from the incubator these
infertile eggs are not fit for boiling or
poaching, although they may be used
for frying, and are good for cake or
certain other baked foods. These eggs
when they reach the market, however,
are classified as low-grade No. 2.
The mixing of incubator eggs with
the fresh spring eggs leads the egg
packers, who get their principal cold
storage supply in the spring, to cut the
price they pay the farmer, Department
of Agriculture investigators find. The
spring eggs designed for keeping for
winter consumption must be absolutely
good. Moreover, tlje egg packers in the
spring do not candle eggs but hold
them three at a time in the hand and
clink them to discover any crack and
then judge their freshness by their
fresh powdery look on the sholl. The
mixture of infertile incubator eggs with
fresh eggs interferes seriously with this
clinking and forces the packer to candle
the eggs. He then deducts this added
expense from the price he offers to
the producer. Eggs which have once
been subjected to the heat of the in
cubator cannot be stored, even though
frozen.
The farmer who sells incubator eggs
to tne dealer, therefore, is very liable
to injure his own market for fresh
egg'- When dealers find a percentage
of low-grade inenbator or other eggs in
their fresh spring egg supply they
lower the price for all eggs so that they
will be certain that they have covered
themselves against losses from this
cause. The Department's specialists ad
se farmers to use any infertile eggs
they may take from their incubators
for home consumption and to send only
fresh eggs to market.
Write Us for Information on Market
Conditions.
Dryer, Bollam & Co.
General Commission Merchants.
128 Front Street, Portland, Oregon.
BP EE EG EH
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"Tl BliirlM at
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In the Center of
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Building absolutely
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Bi'ioriAB run
II far Day 0,
Itooma S1.00 per Jar rap
Rooma with pi-Irate bath 92.00 a
SAVE
YOTJB
FRUITS AND
VEGETABLES
FBOM A
GLUTTED
MABXET
With a Na.
tional Steam
Pressor Can
ning Outfit.
Write for
catalogue 14.
HENNINGEB & ATBES MFG. OO,
47 First Street, Portland, Oregon.
OVERALLS!
ism
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Keep Kids Kleen
The most practical, beakhhU, playtime
rarmenta ever Invent.! -k ; .
to I years of ire. Made in one piece
wiuj any oacn cilllv slipped cm or
on. uiur vnuea. No rlrht
elastic bunds to slop circulation.
Made In blue denim, and bloc tnd
wnae nickory stripes lor all the
rear round. Also llifaler wdiht
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75c the suit
II roar dealer cannot supply too,
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v iwcipi orpnee. sc eacB.
A New nrr If Thev
rnrp . '
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fill,'
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yUvi Strauss dc Co, San
Rip
PrsMdscty
50,000 ACRES
Level Valley Land For Sale in Harney Val
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Banging From $20.00 to 130.00 Fsr Acre.
Terms, ten ner eent eaah nri th v..i..u
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An Unsurpassed nnnm-hinlfw at....
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triA marl Wall k M l .. '
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Mart.
For booltlet eonutntn v..
addresi " ""u"".
Oregon & Western Coloni
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Some men are so crookArl that
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