HOME AND FARM
MAGAZINE SECTION
How to Raise Hogs in the
Pacific Northwest
THK SWINEHERD.
Keep the pigs warm. They
will grow all winter if conditions
are right. 4.
one-half to one-fourth digestible
carbonhydrates per one hundred
pounds live weight of the sow and lit
ter. The same amount of nutrients
is all right per 100 pounds live weight
of the sow If she is fed separately
With bacon at 25 or 30 cents from the pigs. But it may contalr
fr a pound, it pays to keep pigs 4- more coarse feed in the latter ease.
v ana Keep them right. "in terms of the feeds used on our
If the hogs are warm and 1 farms the ration may be made up as
comfortable it takes less food follows: For a 250 pound sow with
to keep them thrifty. : seven pigs weighing seven pounds
The breeding sows should each 300 pound live weight In all
have a combination of foods and j this ration requires six pounds mid-
very little corn. :dltngs and three pounds skim milk;
They must have some suc-4-jor six pounds barley and 8 pounds
culent foods roots, vegetables, 4-Sklm milk; or six pounds barlev and
ets and clover hay. jfour pounds tankage; or six pounds
urou ows must nave Tj middlings and .15 pounds tankage."
v exercise 10 oe neaitny. Had -r
luck with them can always be 4-4-
traced to ignorant or careless 4-4-
handling by the owner.
Separate the breeding bows as 4
4- they begin to grow heavy.
A jam from a lioss sow may 4-4-
cause the loss of the pigs and 4-
90 Per Cent of Deaths
of Hogs From Cholera
Swine Buildings Are
an Important Factor
the sow too.
-r .r
F IGS begin to nibble at their
mother's feed when about four
weeks old, and should then be
fed all they will eat of feed that en
courages growth and develops the
digestive system without impairing di
gestion. If they are weaned when
seven weeks old this allows but three
weeks in which to accustom their
nutritive organ; to the change from
natural to artificial nourishment. The
principle Involved in making this
change of feed Is explained by Pro
feasor f. R. Samson, swine specialist
of the Oregon Agricultural college
animal husbandry department, as fol
lows:
"The proportion of water in the
little pig's body Is greatest at birth.
This water Is gradually replaced by
dry matter as the pig grows older
and any undue hastening of the trans
posing process Interferes with the
pig's entire organism
"The rate of substituting dry mat
ter for water may be retarded by di
luting the solid part of the feed with
water which is incorporated into the
pie-
Possible to Overfeed
"The digestive tract of the Rmall
pig Is larger in proportion to his body
than that of the older pig. While
the more common mistake is under
feeding at this time, it Is also pos
sible to overfeed. At this time the
pig may eat and digest more food
than he can take care of In his body
and In such cases much of the value
of the feed Is wasted. Another 111
which may result from overfeeding
Is the Impairment of digestion ef
ficiency so that the gains in later
life are secured at greater cost than
would otherwise be necessary.
"When the little pigs begin to nib
ble at the feed they should be provid
ed with a trough inside a creep,
where they may have feed especially
suited to them. To start with there
is nothing better than skim milk Into
which about one-tenth by weight of
middlings or oatmeal is stirred. If
oats are used the coarser hulls should
be sifted out. The proportion of the
middlings or ground oats may be in
creased until at weaning tine the
pigs are getting about one part of
solid feed to two parts of skim milk.
Ijpave No Food In Trough.
"When the little pigs are first be
ing started on artificial feed, care
must be taken that no feed be loft
in their trough to become sour, for
scours almost surely will result if
they eat this left-over feed. Therefore
give them but little and remove what
Is left and give It to their dams. Then
thoroughly clean their trough and If
possible scald It and set It up to dry.
At any rate make sure the trough is
left clean and is clean when feed Is
put into it again. A good start makes
success possible; a bad one makes
success very uncertain. The advant
ages of the creep are that cleanli
ness is more easily secured and a
smaller amount of higher priced feed
Is necessary as the sow does not re
quire such expensive feed.
"If it is considered . too much
trouble to provide a creep for the lit
tle ones, they may be allowed to con
tinue eating with their dam, and her
ration may be made suitable to the
pigs. Milk production is stimulated
by sloppy feed and the sow requires
concentrated feed which Is easily di
gestible. For this method of feeding
Dietrich suggests one-fourth to onc-
THE question of buildings for
swine Is a rather complicated
and also a very important one.
Almost every piggery that is built
possesses certain features peculiar to
itself, rendered necessary by the cir
cumstances it Is intended to meet
The most important features of a
piggery are dryness, ventilation, light,
freedom from drafts, reasonable
warmth and convenience.
Good results cannot be secured in
a damp pen. and dripping wallB are
a pretty sure Indication of impending
disaster. Stone and cement walls are
very cold in winter and chill the air
of the pen. A hollow cement wall is
much les objectionable than a solid
one, but there is little doubt that
wooden walls constructed by setting
two by four scantlings on end and
first boarding inside and out with
rough timber. This is then covered
up with matched lumber. If It Is
thought desirable to have a loft over
the pen the ceiling can be made of
poles, placed a few inches apart, and
well covered with straw. The floors
and foundation may be constructed of
cement concrete, and the foundation
rise about two feet above the surface
of the floor.
Thorough ventilation is a great help
In preserving dryness in the piggery,
and it is an aid to ventilation to have
a large air space, or, in other words,
air can be provided for by construct
ing shafts in the walls at intervals of
15 or 20 feet. These shafts should not
be more than four or six inches in
size, and should open outside near the
ground and inside near the ceiling,
Provision must be made for closing
or partially closing these intakes.
Light, especially sunlight, has a
wonderful influence in promoting
health. So far as possible the win
dows should be on the South side of
the building, because the South side
gets the most sun and is least ex
posed to cold winds.
While ventilation is necessary,
drafts are extremely injurious, and
their prevention should be kept in
view when building the piggery.
Warmth Is a good thing, but it
should not be secured at the expense
of ventilation. A somewhat cold pen,
well ventilated, but free from drafts,
is preferable to a warm pen where
the air is damp and foul, and the pigs
will suffer less discomfort In the
former. Very young pigs require
warmer quarters than older ones, and
when a sow farrows In winter special
pains should be taken to secure
warmth and freedom from drafts.
ST is estimated at least BO per cent
of all deaths of hogs from disease
in the United States are caused
by hog cholera, says the department
of agriculture at Washington. There
fore, in the case of any fatal out
break, the chances are about nine to
one the cause is hog cholera. It is
true other infections may and do fre
quently complicate outbreaks of hog
cholera, but in such cases the germ
of hog cholera Is primary cause of
the disease.
The symptoms exhibited by hogs
sick or hog cholera are not really dis
tinct from those produced by other
maladies. From a practical stand
point the important thing is to recog
nize hog cholera as soon as possible
after its appearance in a herd in order
that anti-hog cholera serum may be
applied before the disease progresses
too far. Good serum may be depend
ed upon to protect well hogs, and
even to cure a large percentage of
those in the earliest stages of the
disease, but it will not avail much
when used upon hogs already visibly
sick.
Watch Tour Neighbor's Hogs.
Keep posted concerning the con
dition and health of hogs on other
farms in your neighborhood. Sick
hogs on a neighboring farm are a pos
itive menace, for the germs of hog
cholera are easily carried on the feet
of men or animals.
Look over your herd regularly that
any sick hogs may be promptly dis
covered. If any hogs in the herd are found to
be "off feed" or appear in anywise
sick, separate them Immediately from
the remainder of the herd, and keep
them and the main herd under close
observation daily. If there Is a tend
ency for the disease to spread in the
herd the trouble is probably hog
cholera.
Fancy Names for Fake Diseases.
When the first symptoms of sick
ness are observed an immediate
change of feed sometimes corrects the
trouble. This is particularly true of
swill fed hogs.
If there Is a tendency for the disease
to spread in the herd, do not tempo
rize, but immediately treat the herd
with serum from the state college or
state livestock sanitary board. Prompt
administration of the serum is essen
tial to success.
Remember that hog cholera kills
millions of hogs where other diseases
kill thousands. Dismiss from your
mind all thought of such diseases as
"lung typhoid," etc, for these are gen
erally merely fanciful designations
given to hog cholera by uninformed
men.
Don't Bred Yoa Heck
PUMPING WATER BY HAND
SAWING WOOD BY HAND
Let the
Novo Gasoline Engine
yoar vriirlt.
The most compact and slmolest en
gine made. No separate gasoline tank,
no separate water tank, no piping, no
careful adjustments. Absolutely guar
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Made in all sizes from 1 h.p to 15 h p.,
and furnished in combination with
torce pumps, centrifugal pumps, deep
well pumps, wood saws, spraying out
fits, etc. Lower prices than formerly.
For full particulars address
The Beebe Company
Department C, i
182-4-6 Morrison St.
Portland, Oregon.
WANTED
Men who are above the average.
Salary $100 a month und up. Small
etfort on your part with our help, ta
better yourself. Let us tell you how
others are doing It. It will mean
success to you. Get out of the rut and,
write us today. Don't delay.
H. H. HARRIS,
International Correspondence School,
McKay Bldg., Portland, Ore.
A Pennsylvaina gun company is us
ing the waste pieces of black Circas
sian walnut, left after veneer cutting
for gun stocks.
Write Us for Information on Mar
ket Conditions.
DRYER, EOLLAfJ & CO.
General Commission Merchants,
128 Front Street, Portland. Oregon
Df if 17 l0SSES SURELY PREVENT!!)
II I, A Li It "fr eittert Blnklei mil. Low
1UaVJl priced. freeh, reliable; preferred bj
Wee tern stockmen because they pn.
W m tart irftart ether vaceines till,
I lal Wrltu for booklet end testimonials,
. r.l m 10-dw. pkie. Bltcklei Pilli $1,00
BO-dosi ke. Blackleg Pilli 4.00
fjM any Injector, but Cutter's beat
The superiority of Cutter products Is due to owr II
years of speclallslrur In vaeeinei antf nniml only,
Inillt en Cutter"!. If unobtainable, order direct
THE CUTTER LABORATORY, Berkeley, California
4,44'4,4-4,4,4,4,4-44,4,4,4,4'
4- KYK GRAFTING SUCTKKDS. 4-
If The success of the operation 4"
4 performed several weeks ago at
4 the Baltimore Eye, Ear and 4-
Throat Hospital, in which the 4-
41 cornea of a pig's eye was grafted 4
4- onto the blind eye of David Kane 4
4" a six months old Infant, Is now 4
4- practically assured. It Is learned 4
4 that the eye on which the pig's 4
cornea was grafted is still clear. 4
4" There Is reason to believe that it 4
4 will remain clear for the few 4-
4- days left of the time allotted for 4
4 the test by the surgeon. 4"
If the eye has not clouded, 4-4-
the mother of the infant prob- 4
ably will be able to take him from
4- the hospital virtually cured of 4
the blindness In which he was 4-4-
born, and seeing through a pig's
eye. 4-
fifth pound digestible protein and4- 4 4- 4 4- 4 4 4 4 4 4- 4" 4- 4" 4
Get Your
ipanadian Home
from the.
r Canadian Pacific
lPrincJ
OMT .notc J .. .
DI o v. j..ui iimc uuu money un worn-out mna tnat
I is high-priced simply because it was once worth its
I present price! The richest virgin soil is waitintr for vou
m Manitoba and the Alberta-Saskatchewan district.
You can buy it for practically the same price per acre
that the mere manuring per acre of soil in many parts
of the U. S. costs! Fertile Canadian West offers you not only soil
of wondrous productivity, but it also offers yon a splendid climate,
churches of all creeds, splendid public schools, exceptionally good
mPrketS.finphntr.ls anri trannn riatlnn f oolli.io k , ' rj
.,, . , , ,T I , -."-k". iBkmuta in mule llllVAWCIICU.
We have a truly splendid proposition to make to any earnest farmer or to
men who wish to farm and who are sincere in their desire to srttle in this country
We actually are In a position to enable you to own 10 acres for every acre that
you now own or farm-and every acre here will produce double what a worn-out
ai;re produces anywhere. On top of that, we trive you
20 Yean tO PaV for It X,u Tlntheland for from fll to S30 per aero. In
.v vi ojr iui 11 irristation districts the price is from SU to fS.
You pay merely one twentieth down. The balance is split tip Into 1!) equal pay
ments. Fbe farm will more than meet the payments and your family's livitvT ex
penses. Canadian Pacific farms pay for themselves over and over again before
the time the last payment falls due. We can refer you to stores of farmer who
paid for their farms with the proceeds of just one crop!
You Are Loaned $2000.00 to Pay for Farm Improvements!
Here Is land adapted to erain growing, to poultry raisinu, dairying, mixed
fanning ana to cattle, hoar and sheep raising. You decide for yourself what kind
of farming you wish to follow. The Canadian Pacific helps you select the land
best adapted to your purposes. And then, if you so desire it, we arrange to have
Your Farm Made faady by Experts
an expert on the case and select the farm that will exactly suit you the one that
you can farm to most advantage totmmrlf! Lotus tell you about the 4(H) ,000 .000
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Address
L. 0. THORNTON, District Representative,
::n Vine Ht. (Multnomah Hotel Bldg.)
Portland, Oreuon.
9