PAGE FOUR
THE HEPPNER HERALD, HEPPNER. OREGON
Tuesday. August 17th. 1920
THE HEPPNER HERALD
AN INDEPENDENT NEWSPAPER
S. A. PATT1SOX, Kditor and Publisher
Entered at the Heppner, Oregon, Postoffice as second-class Matter
Terms of Subscription
One Year $2.00
Six Months S1.00
Three Months $0.50
La-r A. V'W
ANOTHER FREAK MEASURE
One of the freak measures proposed for submission tc
the people at the coming November election is the proposed
constitutional amendment fixing the legal rate of interest
in Oregon at 4 per cent except on contracts when a maxi
mum of 5 per cent is permitted.
To the ordinary business man, and particularly to
those who are obliged to carry on their business largely
on borrowed capital the folly of such a course is apparent.
While it would be very line for those of us who borrow to
he able to have our interest expense cut in two by constitu
tional amendment if the thing would work out that way
it is not certain that such a Utopian condition would re
sult. The measure does not go far enough to insure relief
to the borrowers of the state. Another section should have
been added to the amendment making it compulsory on all
persons within the state to loan their money here and pro
hibiting them from seeking a higher interest rate for their
money in other states.
.So long, as these money lenders are permitted to loan
their money where they please this writer fails to see how
Oregon borrowers will be benefitted by the enactment of
such an amendment. So long as gilt-edged secureties are
bringing six and seven per cent people with mioney need
not be expected to peddle their money out in small amounts
on short lime commercial ioans at 4 or 5 per cent.
Should this amend'ment be adopted the only result
would be :hat ihe loan business would go to other stales.
Oregon capital would seek investment elsewhere and Ore
gon borrowers would be obliged to follow them to other
slates to secure loans and they, would have to pay the "price
demanded. This is one constitutional amendment that
should, be snowed under.
O
THE PHILIPPINES PLANK
OK IMPORTANCE TO GKOW1.KS
Method of I-'JKUring Dockage m
r:iiu ruder Government
Standards.
There is a phrtik in the national democratic platform
which reads "W e favor the granting of independence with
out unnecessary delay to the 10,500,000 inhabitants of the
Philippine I slands". While a uuinlber of leading democrats
have been favorable too Philippine independence for somc
linie, the tide in the resolutions committee was dclinitclv
turned by an eloquent address delivered by J. I'. Melencio,
a year old Filipino. S stirring was his appeal for com
plete freedom that a number of Ihe members of the com
mittee were aroused to cheers and W illiam Jennings Bryan
".smilingly asserted that he opposed Philippine independ
ence if it was to deprive democrat ie national conventions of
such representatives from the islands." Melencio praised
the administration of Amei'ca in the islands and said that
his ow n education was secured in schools established there
by the Tinted States. The Philippines, he asserted, want'
ed independence "not because it complained of wrongs and
abuses, but because its people were able to say with love
and .gratitude that under America's guidance they had
grown to the full stature of national manhood." The Fili
pinos, be said, wanted to maintain their friendly relations
with America, but thought they had demonstrated their
ability to govern themselves. There have been some Ame
ricans who haw thought the Tinted States made a mis
take to take over the Philippines in the first place. It has
been the desire of many that the islands be alfowed their
independence as si. mi as they could be trusted to take care
of ib.'i'i mIm I ii.'er th. administration of the Tinted
State-, the Philippines have made rapid strides. Fine roads
h.ixe been 1 .u-l 1 ucled. an efficient educational system
established, sanitary conditions greatly improved and
the principles oi democratic gowrninent inculcated in the
people. It secins that the plank in favor of the independ
ence of the islands is thoroughly justified.
0--
SI 101' LD RETAIN OUR SOVEREIGNITY
Of prime importaee to the ivheat
K rowing farm, r is an understanding
of dockage as the term is used in
Federal wheat grade?, and how dock
ago in wheat is determined, since in
grading wheat under Federal stand
ards one of the fundamental princip
les is to determine the numerical
grade on a dockage-free basis. With
a few exceptions the dockage is first
removed from the sample and the
grade determined with the clean or
dockage free wheat. Dockage is the
foreign matter screened from a samp
le of wheat to be graded, by the use
of appropriate hand selves or other
cleaning devices, and consists of sand
dirt, weed seeds, weed stems, chaff,
straw, grain other than wheat, and
any other foreign material. It also
may contain finely broken or small
shriveled grains of wheat, in cases
where such material can not be sep
arated from, dirt and other foreign
material by the use of appropriate
sieves.
The purpose of the dockage provi
sion in the Federal wheat standards
is to enable the person grading the
sample to determine the approxi
mate amount of easily separated for
eign matter that is in the lot of
wheat. Therefore, dockage is ap
proximately the percentage of for
eign material which can be easily re
moved from the lot of wheat by the
commercial types of cleaning mach
inery commonly found in grain ele
vators and mills.
The dockage test is described in
Farmers' Bulletin 1118 entitled the
"Dockage under Federal Wheat
Grades", which has recently been is
sued by the United Stales Depart
ment of Ariculture to aid wheat
growers and others in understanding
this important feature cf wheat grad
ing as provided in tohe revised Fed
eral grain standards for wheat,
which became effective July 15, 13 s
The dockage test is made ordin
arily by weighing 1,000 grams of
wheat (about 2 1-4 pounds) which
constitutes a representative sample.
(.rams are used instead of oilier un
its for ease in determining percent
ages. ThcJdockage is separated from this
1,000 gram sample by screening with
pan reives of specified types 0r l.y
using a cleaning do vice which h.-n
been officially approved. The deck
age m separated Is weighed and the
percentage is found, based on the
total weight of the sample including
the t'nskag. . If tin: amount of dock
age is l.el.uv 1 per cent, it Is disre
gard, d. Fur example, If only one
hall of one per cent of forcivn pmter
I.il is M !iarat.i by the menus des
cribed abo'-e, nn dockage Is assessed.
Th's one-half of oti" per rent, how
evi r, should not be returned to the
an,p!e used In d, tenninlng the
grade. If one and one-half per rent
of dockage is- separated, 1 per cent of
dockage would be indicated in as
signing the grade. Thus it will be
teen that the fraction of a per cent
of dockage ft considered ns a "toler
ance" In the standard.
After the dockage Is removed the
clean sample Is used In determining
the grade, save In a few exceptions.
Dockage does noe affect t lie grade
assigned to the wheat. If one per
cent or more of separable foreign
material Is found, dockage Is as
sensed. In the Inspection certificate
ihe amount is Indicated Immediately
after the grade designation, as for
example No. 1 northern spring, dock
age 1 per cent.
If the wheat seed used Is care
fully selected, cleaned, tested and
treated before planting, If care Is ex
ercUed In cultivation and crop rota
tion, and If the wheat is carefully
Hihrailicd and cleaned, there shnulil
be, ordinarily, very little foreign ma
terial present when the crop is mar
keted. The foreign matter in wheat
may seriously affect its value in that
it often increases the corf of milling
and causes injury to the baking fina
lities of the flour. Thus, the amount
of dockage present has a direct bear
ing on the commercial value of a lot
of wheat.
Two terms in the Federal wheat
standard apply to foreign material
"dockage" and "foreign material oth
er than dockage." The former is
foreign material that is separated
from the wheat by the proper use of
appropriete hand seives. "Foreign
material other than dockage" is the
foreign material not separated in the
screening, and remains in the dockage-free
sample. Foreign material
other than dockage on the other
hand, is a factor in the grade and de
finite percentages are permitted in
each numerical grade. . Details re
garding the grading of wheat, in
cluding the manner in. which "foreign
matter other than dockage" 'enter in
to the calculations, are given in the
Dockage bulletin underFederalWheat
Grades.
Ordinary dockage can be removed
from quantities of wheat with com
paratively simple cleaning machinery
such as is installed in many grain
elevators and mills, or It can be re
moved on the farm with ordinary
portable fanning mill equipped with
a screen having perforations like
those specified for the dockage seives.
Dockage found in wheat in many
cases is of value, while in other cases
it not only may have no value, but
may contain ingredients positively
harmful if ground with the wheat.
Dockage frequently contains quanti
ties of other grains and weed seeds,
such as mustard, flax seed, oats or
oilier cereal grains. Much of this
can be used t-j good advantage as
poultry or stock food. Mustard and
flaxseed can be removed from the
dockage in practically a pure state
by special cleaning machinery some
imcs found in terminal elevators and
the larger flour mills. When so sep
arated, it will command a .good price.
The farmer, of course, should re
ceive a reasonable return for this
valuable dockage.
It should be understood that it is
optional with a farmer whether he
remove doc'k-ige or not. The point
with the U. S. Department of Agri
culture officials emphasize is that It
is to his advantage to understand
dockage, and, In many cases, to re
move it himself. It t He dockage
EVt-teiii i.i not rmpl'jyed, the foreign
material in il'e wheat may cause
n lowering of the grade. If no start
ing !?.-tem Is employed ((.railing us
nllay is not compulsory for the farm
er in selling vhit at country points,
thouuh all shipments to terminal
markets aiv graded) and the country
miller or grain dealer buys wheal as
delivered at a flat rate, or on the
basis of the average quantity deliv
ered, the price paid usually Is tniflir
lently low to protect the buyer from
loss caused by objectionable foreign
material delivered with Ihe genera!
run of grain.
Under the dockage system of the
Federal standards, however, the a
mount of such foreign material sepa
rated and considered as dockage Is
deducted from the weight of the
wheat purchased and In any event,
does not affect the grade of the
wheat after It has been cleaned. This
results In a higher grade, and the
price paid Is on the basis of this
grade. In other words, the grain
dealer does not pay wheat prices for
dirt, etc., under any system of grad
ing. On the other hand, where the
flat-rate method of purchase Is fol
lowed Ihe farmers, with little or no
dockage In their grain, are often ob
liged to sell their wheat at the same
price as wheat containing dockage.
The bulletin referred to above de
scribes how to properly secure samp-
vanHmH!uiwf!iiiHiiii!iiiKniiiiu?n,),,1,)mr,I,,fflf1n! ""tiiijta
Ti e tin e will otuc wluu there will be no sufficient
Mtppi it ;r nevv-p.ip.is so r utowly partisan that they tc
fuse It. pubii-h buih s'des, 'i he independent papers ate the
papits that are l'oi;:'ti; ahc.d, and they vi!l continue to
bad the pi mi e"i. m In cl. arid thin partisans will be fewer
as ion, p.t.M-s. 'I'u ' ! eli"t to a political p.tity", meaning
' ll ..! i.i t it i . t a p.tt'v independent of the manner in
wb.ih it ' . man. ii d l . ' e oi eper of one's iudemetit and
on-, t in e, I ..I'M be ! , n - .i'li the dignity of am otic burn
rii.br t!i ' Stars and Sir'; .. Let us be Americans lirt.
I ,t i f "i v i y our mv e: r lenity tinder our own bats." Can
i.iburv i.tes.
T' e I'uwland. Ohio, l'icss is publishing a new stvle
f tdiVti iU vviiltcu in the bum of open letter signed by
"M.i s s tKuland."
EDUCATION PAYS
nut run im.imi.i ai. ion thk tati:
A Person with No education has but One Chant e In ISO. 000 to
Kcn.tcr lltlnsulhed Service to the Public.
With Common School education 4 Chanrea
With llltli School Kducation .... Chances
With ColWe education 00 Chance
Are You Giving Your Child His Chance?
Tllosi: STATUS AKK WK.U.THIKl.sT THAT HAVK INVFSTEI)
MOST IN KKl'CATION
Oregon Agricultural College
Through a ' l.it rat and Prariuvil education" pre
H"1 ihe Young M..n and Young Woman for I'ae
ful Citiirn-hip and S.icceful Cirrrr In
A.i;n 1 1 n ne. i:t.iM i mo. mimm;. iimmk m)omich,
OMMIIUe. I'll (KM U Y. I Olil STIIY. (H TIOVl,
) l( ( ITlov
The Training ln.lu.lr. PHYSICAL HIHC ATtoN. MVSiC. KNCLISH
MOIillUS l.ANM ,u;e. AHT and the Other ewoiials of a
Stan.lar.l T.i holrnl (VIHge Couisv
l ull Trrtii !.. ,t.im,,rr a. IWtl, Tuition I Ire.
For I tif.it mat Ion write to
THK I'.H.IhTIUIU imunn Agricultural tVltnce. tWIti. Ore..
WHAT NO MAN
CAN AFFORD
The man of moderate means does not have
papers that represent as much wealth as those of
rich man, but they are none the less valuable to
him. The man of great wealth cannot afford the
loss of his documents, any mbre than you.
If you own a life or fire insurance policy,
deeds, notes, abstracts, mortgages, a will or any
papers of value, you should from this day on see
to it that those papers are safe in a private com
partment in the vault of the First National Bank
for you will then have at low cost the security
you need for your personal papers and valuables.
!
1
i
nRST
NATIONAL BANK
Eleppner, Oregon
!iii;iiii:iii!:iii:inii:;;:::rii,H!!i:;iiiiiiK
:!!';ii:iiiiii!it:niiii::iiiiiin!ii!iii'
1'K of gri-.ln for inspection, whether
from carload lots, bulk rhlpmenls,
ci-nnl bouts, ha:-;.'.-!.-, or other vessels,
grain In. Racks, elevator:; or ware
houses, n describes "the wild-oat
kicker", a device commonly u .ed for
reiiiovlim barley, oats, wild oats,
pieces of straw, and other coarse
matter Irom wheat. It also describes
Ihe set of perforated metal hand
reives for separating dockage.
After the dockage is removed from
the orjKlnal sample and Ihe test
welRht per bushel has been deter
mined the sample Is then examined
to ascertain whether an analysis Is
to be made for any other factors
which determine the trade.
Various satisfactory methods of
handling dockage may be employed
la normal times. Were wheat Is
cleaned on the farm or at the coun
try elevator and only the screened
wheat Is delivered to the local buyer,
there Is less possibility of difference
of opinion regarding the grade of
wheat delivered. Such an arrange
ment tends to establish greater con
fldene In the grades given by the lo
cal buyer. When noxious weed seeds
are present It Is advlseable to have
Hie removed dockage pro-ind before
feedinn to prevent, the further spread
of tin se weeds on the farm. In many
cases such material has a relatively
high feed value and often farmers
.will find it lo their advantage to re
move Ihe dockage themselves or hive
their local buyers do It for them.
Further Information as to the cor
rect method of determining dockage
In wheat may be obtained by writing
the Tnlled StatesDepartment ofAgri
culture. Washington, D. C, or by
writing or visiting the nearest office
of Federal grain supervisors. Such
offices are located In the large grain
markets. A farmer or country grain
dealer may also mall It to the near
est licensed grain Inspector and re
ceive for a small fee an official certi
ficate snowing the grade and dockage
on that particular sample. This
sample should be 2 qnartf In site, of
which at least 1 1-g pints Is enclosed
In a clean, air-tight container. The
remainder. If any, should be placed
In a clean cloth sack. The address
of the nearest licensed grain Inspec
tor can be secured by writing the de
partnient of any supervision office.
Ease and Comfort
MnansmMBHi
HOW MI CH F.ASK AMI COMI OJIT YOf CAX I.FT OVT OF A
i itointi Y iterAiitenoi.it siioe thhok.ii thi: hot ri m-
Mi ll !AY.. If. FASY A? AX OLD il4)YK AM) KVllRY NAY't
went vor ;eT cut of ax oi.i v.un ie.xs that mi c ii
Heil OX THK XeV PA III YYIie.X THK hTOHMY" KKASOX
COMFH. Ill'.l(i I'H THK ol.I OXF.H AM YVK YVII.I, MAKK
TtieM
l ine a xew pair
AT A tMA I- ItwT.
A FW PAIR?
if yoi iie.Ai.i Y xeen a ev pair vf. tax mvi: yov mux.
FY AMI i.l ARAXTlK Yol ITI-FAITIOX.
Bowers' Shoe Shop