THE TELEPHONE IDEA.
Vint Suggested in This Country
by the Croaking of Frogs.
itMthtac AkMI Dr. Cvhau, ta Csw
It ia not oommoo Knowledge, eseept
to thoee familiar with electrical and
telephone history, that the flret tcle
ibone na constructed in Bachie, Wis.,
ud that the inventor, Dr. 8. D. Cash
Jiao. is now a resident of Chicago, says
the Newt, of that cily.
Hie litigation with the Bell Telephone
company, extending over a period of ten
yean and costing one hundred thou
uad dollar, has been reported from a
legal standpoint, but as it li one of Mr.
Cnahman'a principle that personal
reminiscences are in bad taste, be has
seldom given a formal Interview. The
venerable inventor, seventy-seven years
of age, who built the first telegraph
line in this part of the "far west,"
pannes hi business with more alert
ness to aSahs than toe average young
man. ' i i , '
In a corner of the room ia a large,
won pieoe of mnslin on which ia paint
ed ia thin colors a representation of a
telegraph line stretching away in
the distance, connected with a erode
instrument, set on two logs, near which
is a frog sitting by a stream. This old
relic represents the telegraph line of
"good cedar posts,'' which Dr. Cushman
constructed west from Racine for the
Sri A Michigan Telegraph company
ia 1851, and the experimental lightning
arrester which led to his discovery.
It is a reminder of "the days when
Ir. Cnahman was associated with Prat
' torse ia the pioneer days of teleg-i;-hy.
On bis desk is the first tele-
wm transmitter, constructed in 1861
ntv- veai. lfnr. th. rii i
; rents were taken out It is a small,
oore box, with a speaking orifice and i
Jtnining mechanism on the same
inciple as that of the modern trans-
.alitor,
In 1861 Dr. Cushman undertook the
instruction of a lightning arrester, his I
ffxt being to take the lightning that
-imck the win and run it into the
?-ound, the instrument being so eon
- ::ucted that it would not interfere
vita the light current used in tele
graphing. This instrument wsa placed
ut on the prairie on two logs and in
order to know when it had operated a
triple magnet with a sheet of thin iron
r at the poles, similar in construction to
a modern "receiver," was placed in the
earner of the box. In ease the light
ning passed through the instrument
the electro-magnet would pull this ;
trip of iron down into the range of a
permanent magnet, which would re
alm it until the instrument wss in
spected. A similar device was placed in the
basement of the building at Becine and
connected with the other end of the
line. One day while a thunderstorm
. "n oominft no, and Dr. Cushman was
watching the instrument, tne croaking
of frogs was heard, thirteen miles
way. This is the explanation of how
- he old painting with the crude instru
ment and the croaking xrog is identi
' "d with the dsmtyvof the tele
phone. ' v . ..
Ur. Cushman is the inventor of the
f re-alarm system in use in Chicago.
His patent-ofQce reports, he says,
"would weigh a ton," and contain a
ffl-eat number of his electrical patents.
To the priority of Dr. Cushman there
is said to be no doubt, -and the contest
of the validity of the Bell patents be-
in 1855 was at last taken to the
United States district court of Boston
in 1893, where it is now pending.
Dr. Cushman is a descendant of the
historical Cushmans who cacio to Vir
ginia in 164a He was a friend of Hor
ace Greeley and most of his prominent
contemporaries in what might be called
tee era of rapid mechanical develop
ment In early life he was a newspa
per reporter. Some twenty, years of
iS 1'1- "- 1- -
RETARDING PHVtlOAl DEOAYJ
to esaus Be rulisaif as Xaarlr
Without eating and drinking there is
bo life; but we may select certain kinds
f food containing a minimnm amount
of the elements which cause the ossific
blockage in the system. An English
j hysician, Dr. C, F. De Lacy Evans,
vho made many researches in regard to
ear food, comes to the conclusion that
tore fruit should be eaten, especially
i nplea, grapes and bananas, they being
i ich in nutritious elements. Being de
ficient ia nitrogen, they are best for
elderly peopleTTtheTkeep the blood i
in a better condition than flesh.
Flourens, in his well-known work on j
"Human Longevity," cites the case of
the Italian centenarian Cornaro, whose i
recipe fee" health and long life was ex- j
treme moderation in all things. Flour- j
sns himself insists that a century is the j
normal life, but the fifty years beyond,
and even two hundred yean, are human
possibilities under advantageous condi- j
Hons. Hufeland also believed in two j
hundred yean as an extreme limit
r James Crichton Browne, M. D., con-
cedes, in a late address, that Flourens :
was right Duration of growth gives
the length of life. Hufeland held that
the human body grows till the age of I
twenty-five, and that eight times the
arovrth period wss the utmost limit of
saan. But if twenty years be taken as
the time of growth, eves five times that
will give us a century. According to
Flourens and Cuvier, man is of the fru
givorous or fruit and nut-eating class
ml niml, like the gorillas and other
apes and monkeys. Han has not teeth
.like the lions and carnivorous beasts,
neither has he teeth like the cows and
herbivorous ones. Intestines in the
- an ore seven or eight timus '.he length
the bodv: the lions Bre but three
wnw m ts First Tn -raw,
rf m l M
IMMoverr.
iles the length of his body. Ilurbiv- pressiou of the fsoe bold and com
... ous animals, like the cov.-. have in- mending. The man whom it repre
; wimes forty-eight times the kiifth of ent been dead lor 6,000 years,
die body. ' od Tet tbe wooa status Is as
Bo, iudgiuf bub by hi. ueth, his; J
TjM tsAW totsttisss, bs-nstu'l ' " si MM w 'il.ltl ...
rally and primitively fmpivorous, and I
was not intended to eat flesh. Fruit is
jfwriout, and apples act on the liver, j
ind aro good brain food also,
a they contain much phosphoric acid.
.b to the effect of certain climates,
erhsps too much stress has bees laid
pon that. We find that Thomas Parr,
vho lived in England, died in his one
tnndred and fifty-third year, and was
issectedbr the celebrated discoverer
.( the circulation of the blood, Dr. Wil
liam Harvey (who expressed no doubt
of his age), was never out of his native
country. Accounts of men who have
lived to extreme age in Ecuador and
Mexico Indicate possibilities. A cli
mate that allows much outdoor living
is the best far health. More depends
on food thun on any climate. Exer
cise, freoh r,:r to lire In snd to sleep in,
waily bathing and freedom from racdi
iinc ore the important things, hi July,'
1SU3, the Crtirier-Jjuruul, of Louisville,
published a loop account of James Mc
Vlullin, who died In Carlisle county,
!Cy at one hundred and seventeen
.'eon of age. When Buff on, Hufeland,
riourens, and men of that class, who
nod studied the subject, believed in the
possibility of one hundred and fifty or
two hundred yean of life, the subject
is not to he laughed at,
TOLD OF A PARK SNAKE.
A Voueraaa's Explanation of a Wen
Spot In tho Aipbalt Walk.
A Central park policeman was stand
ing near the entrance at 100th street
and Central park west the other day
looking very thoughtful. He stroked
the left-hand side of his fine red mus
tacne with his right forefinger and
gazed in an abstracted way at the lower
rims of the wheels of carriages and bi-
' cycles as they passed.
1 "What is weighing on your mind so
i heavily?" asked an acquaintance.
The policeman turned savagely with:
i "None of your" Then he broke off
I and said: "Oh, it's you, is it?" The
savage look gave way to a hall smile,
and. serious look came back
eg8.
don't think," said he. "I don't
tnow. aud. what's more, I dont give s
cuss." Then he stopped talking to look
at his questioner through the corners
' his eyes. After a little urging and I
much hesitation he told this story:
tou ssked me once if I'd ever sees
any snakes here in the pork, and I told
you yes. That was early last spring,
wasn't it? Yes, I thought so. Well,
I've seen some snakes since then. May
be you would like to hear about one
that I've got to know pretty well? Tee?
Just as 1 thought. Let us go down this
walkaways. I want to show you some
thing first. Here we are. Do you see
this little knob or hummock in .the
asphalt? Well, last spring, the first
time I noticed it, it was an inch high.
lou can see for yourself that it's not
more than half an inch high now. What
do you suppose wore it down so much V
"The scuffiing of shoes on it," the
man guessed.
"Well, I rather think nit The feet
of men don't touch the edge of this
walk twice a year. Do you see that
robin's nest there in that oak? Well,
the first time I saw that snake it was
just swallowing the last of fire eggs
that had been in that nest I know that
there were five eggs in the snake be
cause they showed in five bunches in
the snake's middle the cuss had swal
lowed them whole. He was a black one,
by the way, and could climb like a gray
squirrel.
"But, as I was saying, that snake had
five unbroken eggs in him, and I was
wondering about what he was going
to do with them. I found out pretty
soon. The snake climbed down the tree
head first and crept toward the walk
here, getting along pretty slow, for he
was only 14 inches long, and the five
eggs mode a pretty big load for him.
"The snskecome straight toward this
hummock here, and I was standing
right here by these bushes. He crawled
around the hummock several times,
then stuck his head in this little hole
herein the asphalt, and then drew him
self up into a hump, with his tail stick
ing in this little crack here only the
crack wasn't so large then and then he
stood up just like a letter U upside
down. Then he straightened out, and
down came one of the eggs on to that
hummock there. I heard the shell
break. The snake raised up again and
another egg was broken, and so on until
there wasn't a whole egg in the snake.
That's what wore that hummock down,
for all summer the snake broke his eggs
on it"
"Is that what made you think and
look so seriously T the man asked, as
the policeman stopped talking.
"m, A . 7
woJth, ZJ, , w"naera "
Zt L 'M?. J? "J "
wm, uw, a ivtta juml wonaeruur If K
,,Mt'. - 1 - i - ,.
; men to be made auxiliary observers of
natural niatory Here in the park N. Y.
A firs-Barn Bag.
Then an some bad bugs and worm
in the southern forests, but than an
certainly none that an quite equal ia
endurance and toughness to th worm
that developed himself from the great
forest fires of the north west Scarcely
had the fires cooled sufficiently for the
ownsn to make inspection of losses
when they found that this new worm
had got there first and was already
completing the destruction of what
the flames had spared. Both standing-
sua cat limners were attacked, and the '
- 0 orous meaanres have been re- i
sorted to snd with only partial sue-
cess mis worm seems to have evolved
from the beat, and, so fsr, the cold snd
snows of the winter do not appear to
have affected his health or 1 mined his !
voracity. He certainly is a new and j
unpleasant icaturs In the timber Ques
tion, snd s nut that scientists bars not
yet cracked.-Chicago Chronicls.
The oldest known piece of wood k
formed into the statue of an Egyptian
sheik. The statue ia evidently a llke-
! " eyes are of crystal, the ex
ITALIAN LEGAL FUNCTIONARIES
Dbmt Osmifc Was an Poorly x-id for
Task- SawlM.
Ia Italy any unfortunate who owes
IB per cent finds his little debt run as
"by sheriffs' officers, tribunal expenses
and all the manifold charges of notaries,
attorneys and advocates to too per cent
before he-has time to breathe or realise
the situation, and the forced sales are
so conducted that the property sold
produces nothing for anyone except the
state and the auctioneers. The state
takes Its percentage first, says the Fort
nightly Review, before even the credit
ors, and thus is caused the avidity by
which all state officials and myrmidons
drag to ruin, by intrigue and extortion,
a large majority of the Italian tax-
paying public Note the salaries paid
to the officials of the tribunals in Italy
and judge if such officials an not in
vited and forced to ruin the mas of the
people.
When a county court judge in Eng
land has 1,000 or 1,000 a year, he re
ceives here the equivalent of 40, or
perhaps 30, per annum. All the lesser
functionaries are paid in proportion.
The giudiee concillatore, who answers
to the juge de la paix in France, and
to the polios magistrate in England, is
paid sometimes at the rate of 30 per
annum, sometimes not at all; the pock
ets of the appellants at his court must
maintain him. It can readily be under
stood that all these hungry function
aries of the law, big and little, live on
the public perforce, and that almost
any iniquity or injustice may be ob
tained under their rule If money be
largely enough and secretly enough ex
pended. "Your Bplendor is my dis
honor," said Bacon to his magnificent
liveried serving men, who rose to meet
him when he entered court to stand
upon his trial.
The Italian functionaries may say to
the Italian Themis: "That we have
coats to our backs and rings as our fin
gen is your dishonor, for you do not
pay us enough to enable us to get
either honestly." Notwithstanding this i
miserable pay which they reoelve. It
aly spends on the administration of
law 186,000,OOOf. i. ., T,000,000f more
than France (ia comparison to the
population) and 12,000,0001. more than
England. The public who contribute
all these millions get little or nothing
for their money.
Chinese mandarins of the second
wear a button of coral red. sug
gested by a cock's comb, since the cock
Is the bird that adorns their breast.
The third class are gorgeous, with a
robe on which a peacock is emblaz
oned, wnlle from the center of the red
fringe of silk upon the hat rises a sap-1
phire button. The button of the fourth I
class is an opaque dark purple stone,
and the bird depicted on the robe ia
the pelican. A silver pheasant on the
robe and a clear crystal button on the j
hat an the rank of the fifth elan, i
The aixth class an entitled to
"cm mu Biuunwierea storx and a jade
stone button; the seventh a partridge
and an embossed gold button. In
the eighth the partridge is reduced to
a quail, and the gold button becomes
plain, while the ninth-class mandarin
has to be content with a sparrow for
his emblem, and with silver for his
button.
BIG PRICES FOR FURNITURE.
Talk ot M Private aU of
Ktch Men's Effsets.
A party of auctioneere en route from
Chicago to Buffalo were in the smoking
room of a Lake Shore sleeper the other
night telling stories. "Selling horses
and farm stuff by auction is all right,"
said one, "but for genuine fun give me
the private sole of a rich man's furni
ture. When Anthony Drexel died thore
were a lot of things which had personal
reminiscences connected with them
which everyone wanted. It was finally
decided to hold a family auction and
sell them to the highest bidder. The i
first thing I put np was a small clock, I
worth, I suppose, about twenty dollars.
" '111 give five hundred dollars,' was !
the first bid. It came from a nephew, j
" 'Make It one thousand dollara," in-:
terjected a younger son. j
" 'Fifteen hundred dollars,' replied
the nephew.
iiqk.n,l,MH.nJMtil..Un..
-f-,'"' """""
dollar clock for money with which he
could have bought the finest clock in i
Philadelphia, I never knew what the !
history of the clock was, but it must '
hare had a peculiar one. Then I put !
up a big arm-chair. It was the chair '
Drexel hod sat in for over twenty years j
and it had a valuable association for .
each one of the family. A married 1
XoTTL
and the bidding, which opened at one
thousand dollars, was spirited and
lively. I finally sold the chair to An-
thony for six thousand five hundred
dollars. The day's sales brought in
over twenty-live thousand dollars. " ,
"I never had anything as good as
that," said another auctioneer, "but I
sold the Childs effects in the same way.
The chief contest was over one of those
franvU,kft'hU.el(l'1 W'y""oan on farm KCU,i,v, also
est ton finally bought it for eighteen mn i . .
hundred and fifty dollars, and it is now , "T T ? , n""" T- ,
in the Ledger ofCce in Philadelphia." T ' "". " " lc"K'"
, r . Collections made on lavnralile lertns.
The government of Japan owns and Fir i.mnr,, :,i i ,i f ....
operates all the railways in that coun-
'T' "d from this source derives a
Hru" ul iw revenoes.
I" the hot regions of Africa more
than two thousand laborers are en-
gaged in minding the tango, rai's-oad,
snd in the cold regions of Siberia many
thousands of Bussians are employed in
the construction of the trans-Siberian
railroad.
Tlepbusas In Clslrvajrsnoe.
M. Trouve, the well-known elect rl-1
cian of Paris, has brought out a tiny '
telephone no larger than a franc piece,
and, in conjunction with Rostoff, the !
"wizard," has applied it to clairvoy )
once. The telephones attached to the '
ears of the blindfolded performer are
hidden by a wig and connected by fine
wires, also invisible, to a transmitter
behind the screen. A confederate be
hind the screen, who can see and hear
all that passes, promjna him by means
of Dm Mspbsas, ,
THE SWARMING OF THE BEfcS.
Kaavlsoa Hesalnml HU Empire 1'wautr
Days AfMr Lwrlug Ulba.
At nine o'clock a mighty shout is
hoard without
"The emnerorl The emperor!"
Tho palace echoes the cry, us across
the bridge of the palace mid i.Iout the
Seine embankment in tlmmth i i? Tuli- j
'oiies gate, thronged about t , u clam
rous crowd, ami nurrouu.U-.i iy hi
toldiera and his enterals, l.V.poloon.
inters the courtyard. j
Paris is wild with joy. Tlio votor-j
.as Slug themselves upon tlm empur
ir's carriage. -They seise hiii in their!
:rmK. 'friMv Ami l,;,n V....1 w.n I
n? him on their hiral;lt'r, I'm rash
with him through thf doo'v::; i-ven to!
ihe foot of the grost stiirwsc. j
The palace roths iviih 1 1 : ii mts of
nelsons. The owil bo.i. i :!inoui-'
wrur, and the thruig ia.-i ; -.lown
Sie staircase to greet h'n. N -Utile
nay. progress is impnwiU-., . l'"ople
;-o everywhere, nnd riii'..;!, : .uiv'.ing
t tho top of the notfle s.:.;;-.--.y of
:onor, laughs as ha cheers. i; n-c.
j:i1 l'eyrollos sitting Hs"...:io the
rent silver statue of pac.1, ,;lmp.
:a ou the end of his caeo. 1 h iace
il with shouting and wet wv.h lean
'joy-
.11 last a passagewny hi broken
rougb. the crowd. Philip nnd M.
.o Lavalatto bacU thoir way to
'i") me pnsnijc ojon, r.uJ i i, up the
!:-ruor.nx Ktuirwuy, aloaj t'.u gallery
' fir.un, through the blue room and
i:ta the emperor's study, amid tears
.na oiu'urs uiul shouts, and tossing of
hats and waving of handkorchiefs, the
emperor somes to his own again. Ia
iirouty days after louring Elba Ns.po
U'on has regained his empire. With
but a thousand grenadiers he has con
luend thirty millions of people, Tho
warming ot the Ueea ends In a carni
lof joy. Elbridge 8. BrookB
Be Found It Int.
The Wife-John, didn't you feel like
a fool when ynu proposed to me?
The Husband-No; but I was one.
-It is easy to learn something about
er"rything, but difficult to learn every,
'nytl.ir." -Kmrnntm
Tbos. K.;()akes, Ileiirr r, Payne, Henry C
House, Receivers.
UORTHERN
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PACIFIC R. R.
R
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5
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Pullman
Sleeping Cars
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Dining Cars
Tourist
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illltniKniinlla
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TTjT?nTTr tv TiriDTC n
mKVJUUrl 1 ILK-U, 1 Sp
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riiiiaiiihia .pJ'l'a,
Km vrk -t. J ; li
ll,.ln and all
- - - -
t ..in.. t. n,l K,.u.h
"'formation, time canU, ni;ij and
tickets, call on or write
W. C. PETERSON, Agent,
LEBANON, - - OREGON.
-OR
A- CHARLTON, ssL GtnL Pass. Agt,
Portland. Oregon,
- - - -
T
J '
M. RALSTON,
h n o ii. i: it,
Moo ton Illo,lt. a li,..n
Uniest conn-uiiies in il,e wrl,l , ti.. i,...
et rates.
curTL
ii,'-1; 'T1""""1" uAaaiMtc write to
IlLiNN A CO.. l Bkoaijwat. rw VokK.
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Every nnuntt-en out hy u la mmr.H It-ton
vie jfuuilc by itiuUce $lvm (rwiofcargoit fl
I-wt clrwirfHlr-i of i nv KfffTMttn pfir !n the
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i-',';.'vrt-
i;AVr.JR0 MARK.
v mj? fc...flftt gjgjr
The Best
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wuoooeow4octwaofceHr
Albany Furniture Co.:
(rXOOUPOKATKI))
BALTIMORE BLOCK. Alba iv. f)r
Fnrnitnrtv CariN'Is. I.i'iil.uii, i- i-.t .
Victors
Victor Non ruiictiiraUc
running wheel on earth. '
end. Larceut stock of "wioiK'-h.iinl h-cU on .,..
EvervUiing as I'upftsciittiil.
lleacl'iuai'te-.-i for gundrios
Street and :i 1 1 Alder Street, Portland, Oregon.
. OVERMAN WHEEL COMPANY.
Aregon Central
11. 11. CO.
Yaquina Eay Route.
r'omifrftiit!i uf Vu'juii'ti Unv with tlii'
rmiifisco HI n I a jUl'.Jt I'.iiy Su-im
i.'onipatiy.
Kitti
I Hitilrt friiii: iiifil it Hii tut
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Passenger Accommoda
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Hliorlt'xt fltiiile licteuii ttic W'tlliin.eiti1
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1'artirom AHiony ami I'ni t Vi-i ii.Niiii I
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To llllliilnililt Day:
t.'abin i H OU
UduikI Trii (iuuil I'orW) I)ujh .Sjicrml.
RIVER DIVISION.
Htefiuttfrs "AMIANV" utifi "WM. M
j HOAU," newly lurniMtiwI, leave Alltiin)
I (l;tily, excent Miunrhiyn, at H a. m . nrrivinj.
ut I'ortluihl tin' ami n.' ilay at ft v, u.
iiauruiiif(, )inH ii-avi I'nrtiiiiiil fl.iiue
(lu.V! a," utmvti ut Ii a. ,, arriving ut Alotiny
at 7:4f p. h. J. ('. May. i.
Vams Ktij.ik. fcjuji't Itivcr Divi.'iim.
Ma:M!f . ii, it. Hackv,
II. L, Wamjbk, Ajr't. 0,(i lievfrt- IIouhc
Axi'iit, ltert Allmtiv,
J. W. CDSICKftCOsr, Bankers,
ALBANY, OREGON.
Triitisai't a geiii'ral liHiilting biiHlnt'Mi
Ciilti'Ciiuiia mtidc Hi all piiinls on
favnriiliU' IcriiiH.
iirsfla drawn on New York, Hull
Francisco, I'ortbuiil, 8iili'iii Eugene,
uiul C'irvtilii.", and all nilnui in lOu-
rupH.
ilusinuss sent by uiuil will rccoivt
psumpt atteutsun.
ToBa
Given Away
this year in valuable '
articles to smokers of
Black well's
Cenulne '
Durham
Tobacco
You will find one coupon In
side each a-oonc bag, uid two
tntifinna iitutilsa ftanli A.siiinr
I and bcc bow to get your share.
I'l
A
Tire, N... 1!,:, is ,
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Write (r
ami athletic guod , iy,i sjxti
W. J, Keknan, Manager.
PQPPLAR SCIENCE
Healtb
111 DO
( ItfiiiiN.i'v, AlftHflliio,
III Rliriii)
Formerly Boston Journal of Chemistry
Enlarged and Improved
Ccmtiilim ii lurir mU-r .if Plwirl,
I'um I'i- m-iI.-.,I, In., r t TKir ui'd P .m.
"' r - -I . ; , ., ,
cly Illustrated and
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Hi-i..nln., lOi.pin. at on j,,,
af-Muiilliui Ui- piifrr liir Munpk- cupy.-si
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ITIiI.l.siinli MiisTiti.Y nv
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RICHARDS S PHILLIPS, Proprs,
AlUntiy, Orogon.
All Orders Receive Prompt
Attention.
S Rates for
Family Washings.
Satisfaction Ciuarmiteed or Money
Ri'fundod.
J. F. HYDE, Agent,
J jtluinon, Oreuoil.
Rlpuna Tabules.
Hliiunu Tubules cure dyspepsia.
Hlimns Tubules assist digestion.
Klpans Tabules: one gives relief.
Ripans Tubulos: for sour stomach,
Rloaaj Tabuisa syss ls 'f- r