He who thinks to please the World is dullest of his kind; for let him face which way he will, one-half is yet behind.
VOL. IV.
LEUANON, OREGON, FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 21, 181)0.
NO.
37.
ha st a xd s o urn
-VIA-
Soutliern Pacific Route.
THE MOVNT SHASTA. KOCTE.
SXI'BC-S TRAIN'S LEA VI rORTLASD DAILY I
4:00 P. M.
9 :W V. M.
T AS A. U.
I.v
Portland Arl :S- A.
Albany Ar 6 -.1 A.
San Franctaco Lv 9 sW v.
Ar San Franctnco Lv 9 sW v. M
Above trains tp only at the following stations
of Ku Mirg: Ka.h Portland, Ort(ftn City.
Vxyxitmrn. :vWm, Albany, Tangent, Shrdda,
l!iy, Hrrltur, Juncdon Viil, Irving aud
Koseb-rg Mall Daily.
rOO A. M. 1 Lv
1S:J P. M. I Lv
V. M. I Ar
P n
A d
Ar 4:- P. St .
Ar 11:00 M.
Lv 6:00 A. SI.
Albany Local Daily (Except Sunday.)
S a. p. M.
S '0 r. M. !
Portland
Albany
Ar 1 9sW A. M.
l.T I HM A. M
Av
Ixxml I'-Meng-er Trmlna Ually
Sunday.
Except
S:81 P. M.
S.S-i P. M
TSM A. V.
8:S1 A. H.
I.v
Ar
l.T
Ar
Alhany
Lebanon
Albany
Lebanon
Ar
Lv
Ar
Lv
I 9ri5 A. M.
;t A. M.
4 :2 P. M.
3.- P.sM.
PULLMAN BUFFET SLEEPERS.
N Tourist Sleeping Cars
For Acoomm -xlarton of Second Claw Passengers,
attaoaed to Express trains.
WEST SIDK DIVISION.
BETWEEN PORTLAND AND C0RVAL1IS.
Mall Train Dally (Except Sunday.)
1 :30 A. X.
'li :10 P. SC.
I.V
Ar
Portland
Grvalus
Ar
Lv
5 :S0 P. St.
1 J :5S P Jt.
At Albany and Corvallis ooimect with trains of
Oregon Paolde Railroad.
(EipreM Train Daily Except Snnday.)
I W F. X. I L? Portland Ar 8 :20 A.M.
28 P. X. I Ar McMinnvlllo Lv 6;16 A. M.
-Thronrh tlokets to all points .East and South
lor ticket and full Information regarding
rases, maps, etc, call on Co a atft-nt at Medford.
K. KOtliLKK, E. f. KOGEKS.
Manager. Asst. th F. 4c P. Agt,
DR. C. H. DUCKETT,
D K NT I S T
LEBASDX, OREGON.
J. K. WEATHERFORD,
AT rORNEY- AT - LAW.
Office over First National Bank.
ALBAXr, - - - - - OREGON.
W. R. PILYEU,
ATTORNEY- AT- LAW.
ALBAM' OREGON.
G. T. COTTON,
Dealer In
Groceries and Provisions.
Tobacco and Cigars,
Smokers' Articles.
-Foreign and Domestic Fruits,
Confectionery,
Queensware and Glassware, Lamps and
Lamp Fixtures.
PAY CASH FOR EGGS.
Man Street.
Lebanon, Oregon
ILL. McCLHUE
(Sneoeaaor to C. H. Harmon.)
Barber : and : Hairdresser.
Lebanon, Oregon.
Shaving, Haircutting and Shampoo
ing in the latest and best style. Spec
ial attention raid to dressing Ladies'
hair. Your patronag-e respectfully so
licited.
3. L. COWAN.
J. M. K ALSTON,
Bank of Lebanon,
LEBANON, OREGON.
Transacts a General Banking Business.
AOCOUNTS
KEPT SUBJECT TO
CHECK.
Fvlmntw nld on Now York, San
rancisc), Portland and Albany, Org
Collections made on favorable terms
LEBANON
Meat Market
ED. KELLEXBERGffi, Prop.
a .... i
Teksh & Salted Beef, Poek, Mxtt
ton, Sacsase, Boloona & HamI
BaOOS 2fD LA.RD ALWAYS OX KANL
JUiate Btveeft. KiebMotm, Org.
.Cloetst Bcius.
Nevada has no state-aided ornhan asv-
lura.
The federal building at Carson la
ftn-
tahed.
An 8-yoar-old Kirl at Salem. Or
welghs
io pounua.
An OrtMroa state bar association
has
boon TormtMl.
San Dlosro has eiirht miles of blturalnoua
roolc pavement.
Sacramento shlnved 8779 tons of fruit
east in September.
The rush of immtu-ranta Into southern
California la great aain.
John Henry Snats: of Seattle haa aouo
insane from cigarette smoklntr.
Wohtherla la on the Increase In San
Francisco, owing to bad sewerage.
The federal government will build a
$14,0 0 acluHuhouse at Perrla for Indians.
Charles Hartman wai fatally stabbed
by Chris Crohlus at Felton ou election
day.
A new r.ne of steamers will beiriu run
ning from Portland to China and Japan
aiay l.
The whites ot Aberdeen, Wn, asked
all the Chinese to leave aud they left
Nov. 8.
An lncoudlary burned liK) tons of hay
belonging to Wood & Talbot at Adiu
Nov. a.
Four-year-old Eugene Johnson, living
near HoUlster, was kicked by a horse
and killed.
An Incendiary RreatTrnckee destroyed
$100,000 worth of buildings and prop
erty Nov. 6.
W. R. Kelly has gone to San Quentln
for fourteen years for robbing a freight
car at Rocktin.
J"hn Peterson was caved on and prob
ably fatally crushed In a gravel pit at
Sacramento Nov. 6.
Charles Carver was thrown while exer
cising a horse at Lodl Nov. aud prob
ably fatally Injured.
The Burlington-Grand hotel fire at
San Francisco destroyed all the state
board of trade exhibits.
L. A. Matheson jumped from a mov
ing train at Tremont, Solano county,
Nov. i and was killed.
The Mountain mine at Sierra City
started up Nov. 8 with Its cable tram
way and forty-stamp mill.
William O'Toole was thrown from a
buggy into the alough at Alviso Nov. 3
and smothered in the mud.
John Waechter, a San Franelsco cook,
went to Denver to look for work, and,
not dndlug it, drowned himself.
The police broke up an anarchist meet
ing at Newark Nov. 7 and a riot folio ved
in which many heads were broken.
James Barnett Clinan of Elk Grove,
CaU was run into and killed by a run
away horse Nov. 8 at Sacramento.
The whites at Austin have asked the
government for arms and ammunition
for protection against the Indians.
The steamer North Faciflc ran ashore
on H keye point, fugt sound, Nov. 8,
in a fog and was considerably damaged.
The jail and courthouse of Lane
county, Or., are denounced by each suc-
ceeuing grand jury as untit for occu
pancy. An old scnooiteacner named Wilson
eoruuikited uicide near Forbestown.
Cal., by blowing himself up with giant
powder.
James u. stnitn commuted suicide at
Tacoiua November 7 by shooting him
self. He was wealthy and no cause for
the act is known.
John McLean, who had a stick driven
into his forehead by a blast recently at
Whatcom, Wn, and lost some braiu mat
ter, ia recovering.
Ineendiariea burned Dutton's haybarn.
Miller's hotel and etore and Cuaudler"s
lumoer yard witu 25J,tW0 feet of luinOcr
at Vacaviile Nov. 6.
William Bancratz committed suicide at
La Grande, Or, Nov. 7, leaving a letter
saying that Uosa liebald, if flie could be
found, could ted why.
The schooner American Boy, lumber
laden from Grays Harbor, went ashore
on the north FiraUtne Nov. A and was
a total loss, with her eargo.
G. Cartwright's infant was eaten by-
hls .Newfoundland dog at Koearord, a.
D., a few days ago and the child s mother
has become a raving maniac.
Karl Selig, a saloonkeeper at Oswego,
Or, blew his brains out Nov. 8 without
apparent cause, lie left property worth
$iS'J,uoo to his wiie and cnuuren.
There was a free fight in Judge
McOann's court at Santa Cruz in which
Lawyer L. F. Smith whipped Lawyer E.
Spalsbury and his client, J. Kenville.
Thomas Kingston ot Colfax attempted
suicide the otaer day and blew on one
side of his face, putting the muzzle of a
shotgun in his mouth and firing it off.
Charles Lilly, a convicted highway
robber, walked out of the open door of
the iail at Spokane Falls Nov. 3 and
disappeared. Jailer 'White was ar
rested.
The Central Pacific and Oregon freight
trains came in collision at West Oakland
Nov. 4 and thirteen cars were wrecked,
several of which took tire and were de
stroyed. The supreme court has affirmed the
judgment in the case ot Eubanks, the
worthless wretch who murdered his
daughter at Santa Clara and was sen
tenced to death.
A hostler known as Lou was stabbed
fifteen times in the back by a stable-boy
named Joseph O'Hara, 17 yeare old, at
San Diego Nov. 8 and probably fatally
wounded.
Mrs. Paoheco, living near Lincoln,
Placer county, was fatally burned re
cently while rescuing her children from
their home, which caught fire and was
destroyed.
Miss Sarah Beeland of Vacaviile a few
days ago shot and killed with a rifle an
eagle which was tearing over the town
It measured fifty-Bix inches from tip to
tip of wings.
Thomas Studdert assaulted Special
Policeman Joseph Walsh at Petaluma
Nov. 7 and Vaith put a bullet through
him. The wound was dangerous but not
necessarily fatal.
United States Attorney Varian has
filed suits for the forfeiture of the Tern
pie bl'ck at Salt Lake under the escheat
law, claiming that it is used for immoral
and illegal purposes.
Mike Lynch made a playful motion
with a dirk at William Fitzuer at Spo
kane Falls Nov. 3 and accidentally hit
him, cutting an artery in the abdomen,
and he bled to death.
Mark Haney stated on election day at
Forest Hill that though he had always
been a Democrat he proposed to vote
the Republican ticket, whereupon Ellsha
CowcriU drew a pistol and shot him
dead.
All the bids for the lone reform school
were rejected as exceeding the available
appropriation and the prison directors
are having new plans prepaied for a less
costly building. The lowest bid was
$72,450.
Several hunters' horses have had their
feet and legs burned so they had to be
killed bv being ridden over the peat beds
on Roberts island. The peat takes fire
aud burns below the surface, giving off
no smoke.
The Grand Hotel at San Francisco
was damaged S60.000 by the tire of Nov
3. The Burlington house, adjoining, was
destroyed and several stores fnu of
costiv goods met the same fate, the to
tal loss being $250,000.
Ling, T. Milligan's Chinese cook at
Victoria, cut off the head of a Chinese
frind who visited him Nov. 8. hid the
body under a bed, changed his bloody
clothes for clean ones and left the
house, but was arrested.
The Burlington hotel, which was gut
ted by fire in San Francisco Nov. 3, was
robbed of many valuables during the
lre. Every room on the upper floor
wbi robbed and the hotel safe was
broken open with a fireman's pick and
robbed.
(Lkuicvat Bcnun
The strikers won at St. Elienne.
Owensvllle, Ky., was burned Nov. 8.
Peru has put a prohibitive duty on
lard.
A cog-wheel railroad runs up Pike's
peak.
Brazil la getting up a continental ex
poaltion. Dr. Burtaoll has beooomo reconciled to
the church.
Sunilav bull fighting Is to be suppressed
in Mexico.
The Sydney strikers admit their com
plete defeat.
Canada will reduce letter postage from
3 cents to 2.
The purchaser of the "Angelus " waa
the French government. -
Sanley arrived In New York Nov. 4 to
lecture through America.
Sued, the New York professional
faster, is losing nVsh rapidly.
Mexico has borrowed t l'i.Ooft.OOO to pay
Its indebtedness to the railroads.
Work on the Russian trans-Siberian
railway Is to be commenced at oneo.
An English syndicate Is trying to buy
up the Chicago meat packing houses.
The precautions against the assassina
tion ot the eaar have been redoubled.
The ezftrowl'a Is about to take n trip
around the world. The czar dareau't.
The town of Wlnslow, Ind hits been
burned aud 4iK) people tuade homeless.
Judgments have been rendered a;;alnst
the duchess of Marlborough for 7oo,uuo.
There has been a massaare ot Chris
tians in the province of Sze Chuen, China.
England and Portugal have agreed on
a six mouths truce in thcli African quar
rel. The French minister of agriculture de
nies the report that the beet crop Is
pKr.
The St. Elmo hotel at Denver haa beeu
burned, with the loss of one oi more
Uvea.
Pletou, N. S., was swept by flames Nov.
8 and one man a police prisoner er
Ished. Venesuela wtnts to refer hr boundary
dispute with England to. arbit'atlon, but
England declines.
Dillon aud O'Brien got SlJ.SSi at their
first meeting in America, which waa at
Philadelphia Nov. 6.
G. R. Brock of Guide Rock, Neb.,
committed suicide Nov. 7 on account of
the result of the elections.
Lieutenant Schmidt, arrested for sell
ing plans of Cronstadt tower at St. Pe
tersburg, haa been hanged.
Mrs. O. G. Bailey refused a negro
money at Memphis Nov. 7 and he beat
her to death with a liatiron.
Three hundred people were killed by
an explosion at the Chinese government
powder works at Tal Plug Fu.
The French hold on Tonouln is preca
rious. Pirate are under little rwstrafut
and the French outposts are often atr
tacked.
The canned-meat men ot Chicago hare
agreed to raise prices a quarter of a ecnt
pound on account of the change m tue
tin tariff.
Town Marshal John M. Welvster of
Chattanooga attempted to arrest James
Marshall Nov. 3 and each shot and killed
the other.
Cuban refugees mobbed the Spanish
consulate at Kev West and the cousul
losed the oftiee aud asked the mayor
for protection.
A revolutionary proclamation Is In cir-
ulation among the Armenians In Turkey
and numerous arrests of revolutionists
are being made.
Charles Clifford, a New York drummer.
ratally shot B. A. Greevwr, a cattle dealer
whom he found in his wife's room at
Kansas City Nov. 6.
The chairman of the board of direct
ors of the santa re rauroau company
sava the company does not intend io
build any new lines.
The Irish bishops lssud a pastoral
elter condemning boycotting and tue
plan of campaign because the pope com
manded them to do eo.
James Layton, believed to be the old
est counterfeiter in the United States.
Is in jail at San Antonio, lex, for matt
ing counterfeit trade dollars.
Bonnet, the German spy arrested In
Paris, has made a confession which shows
that Germany haa a perfect system ot
espionage of French fortitleaUons.
Train wreckers caused a sraashup near
Otterville, Mo, Nov. 7. The train had on
board witnesses on their way to testify
against two train wreckers on trial at
Otterville
Mrs. Joseoh Schreck of Canton, O- and
her .five children were poisoned Nov. 7 by
eating headcheese supposed to contain
tainted meat, ana ine mother and one
child died.
A delegation of Welsh tln-plale men
has been investlgat'ng the tin situation
In America and has gone nome assured
that the McKinley act will not hurt tho
tng'ish fn trade
Mrs. Barbara Lemprecht went insane
n Philadelphia Nov. , cut her e-yoar-old
daughter's throat with a razor, wounded
her 6-montn-oid oaoy ana cue ner owu
throat probably fatally.
Edward C. Hunt blew his brains out In
Chicago Nov. 7 rather than marry Monte
Delia McCroskey, daughter of a wealthy
cattleman, whom he had led astray un
der promise of marriage.
A crazy negro fired several shots into a
Democratic celebration procession at
Marlon. Ind Nov. 8, killing one roan
and wounding a number. He was shot
twice in the back and arrested.
The sultan of Morocco recently had a
narrow escape from assasainaiion Dy
nwmlmra of his b'ack bodvtfuaril who had
been severely punished for some slight
offense. The would-be assassins were.
promptly executed.
A bill will be Intr nluoed In the Mexi
can eoncresH forbidding any but naUve
pi testa to officiate in churches belonging
to the novernment. Nearly all the
churches in Mexico belong to the govern
ment and nearly all the priestw are Spaa
Ish !
At a bull fight at the City of Mexico
Nov. 3 a tighter was killed and the spec
tators, enraged at the poor lighting
tore the seats and railings of the
plaza to pieces and hurled them into the
ring despite the desperate efforts of the
police.
In Anderson county, S. C, a small
white boy named McGee struck a negro
boy aged 17 with a stick. A little later
MeOree and a Doy nameo v anuiey were
in a cotton gin when the colored boy
threw a lighted match into the cotton
for revenge and both white boys were
fatally burned.
General Booth of the Salvation Army
has purchased for $20, 00 the Shoreditch
brewery aud will mete it a nome oi roi
uge In connection witlfhis reform work
among the lowest scum ot Lonaon.
Funds are pouring m upon nim in great
volume to be used in the work.
Nanson will start from Norway for the
north pole in February. He expects to
cross the pole from Siberia and come out
in three years on the coast of Greenland.
His ship is 170 'ons burden and is so
built that if nipped between ice tioes she
will shoot up out ot the water Instead of
being crushed.
William W. CottreU, the desperado ex
mayor of Cedar Keyea, Fla, who so ter
rorized the custom-house officers last
year white mayor that the government
had to send them help and huuted him
for weeks before he could be captured,
got drunk and was arrested Nov. 5. After
his release he hunted for Chief of Police
Gerald to hill him and at last started to
enter the chief's office on the 6th, when
Gerald shot him dead in the doorway.
J. H. Aiken, a San Jose saloonkeeper,
had $200 worth of liquors. He insured
them for $1800 and hired Charles C Bran
son for $200 to set the building on Are.
Branson told the insurance agents. The
building was hair burned down Nov. 9
and Aiken is In Umbo.
(llurrcnt Bctus.
THE ELECTIONS.
Kpnl!trau Carry tha State and Democrat
the Country.
The election on Nov. 4 waa a surprise
all around. In California the Republican
elected their state and congressional
tickets and they carried the Kan Francisco
election with hardly an exception. By
Wednesday evening the Democrats con
ceded the election of Markham for gov
ernor and of the legislature by a clear
working majority in both houses.
The notorious Dr. C. C. O'Donnell came
very close to an election as mayor of Sau
Francisco over both tho Republican and
Democratic nominees, most ot his votes
being scratched in on the regular Repub
lican and Democratic tickets. The In
dependent Democratic and other side
show tickets did not cut much of a figure.
The ChronU-le made bitter warfare on
Luman Wadliam. the Republican nominee
for public administrator, he being a friend
of the Spreckela family, and defeated
him; A. C. Freese, his opponent, being
the only Democrat elected to any Im
portant office In the rlty.
In the general elections throughout the
country the Democrats made such a sweep
that Instead of the comfortable majority
the Republicans have In the present con
gress, there will be a clear Democratic
majority of about 100. This Is mainly due
to the Farmers" Alliance, and Farmers'
Mutual Benefit Association, which had
sprung into prominence within the past
eight months. The Alliance petitioned
congrees for free coinage of silver, and
did not get It. It also wanted a reduction
of the tariff, and the passage of the
McKinley bill filled the Alliance with
anger against the Republican party.
Farmers have organized heretofore and
proposed political action, but when elec
tion day came most of them were whipped
Into their old party organizations. This
time they astonished the country by
ataying with their new organization, and
the result la the rout of the Republicans.
In most sections ot the country the
Alliance favor free trade or a tariff for
revenue only, aud this haa helped the
Democrats into power.
In Ohio McKinley. the father of the
tariff act, waa defeated, though the Re
publican state ticketsecretary of state,
judge of the supreme court aud board
of public works was elected. The Con
gressional delegation stands H Democrats
to 7 Republicans.
Illinois elected a Democratic! treasurer
and suerlntendent of public Instruction.
The legislature Is liemocratlc, and the
Demiwrata elected 11 congressmen and
the Republicans 7. The San Francisco
Chronicle on the eve of the election stated
the case thus In a dispatch from Chicago:
"The great Issue In Illinois has been the
tariff, ami It has been fearlessly fought
by both parties." The farmers were
organized against it, and there waa also
a strong Deruoer tlo vote from Lutherans
and Catholics who opposed a Republican
measure for compulsory education.
Palmer will be elected U idled States
senator.
In Indiana the Democrats elected 11
congressmen, s gain ot 1, and the Re-
" i publicans 2. The entire Democratic state
ticket was elected by 18.000 majority, and
the legislature Is Democratic.
New York, which had 90 Republican and
14 Democratic congressmen before, elected
20 Democrats and 14 Republicans. The
Tammany candidate for mayor of New
York city waa elected, his (anti-Tammany,
Democratic and Republican) fusion
opponent losing votes on account of the
opposition to the McKinley law. The
assembly will stand 08 Democrats to 60
Republicans, and Evarts will not be re
elected to the senate.
Iowa elected 6 Democrats and 6 Repub-
licaus to congress. The Republican state
ticket was elected-by a email majority.
The Farmers' Alliance carried Kansas,
electing 5 congressmen, while the Re
publicans got 2. The Republican state
ticket was elected. The Alliance and the
Democrats have 95 votes against 30 Re
publicans in the legislature, making the
defeat of In gal Is for the United States
senate certain.
In Michigan the Democrats elected the
state ticket, and with the aid of the
members elected on the Industrial ticket
will control the legislature. There were
four tickets, Industrial, Prohibition, Dem
ocratic and Republican. The congressional
delegation Is Democratic, 8 to 3.
Missouri went Democratic by 10,000
majority.
Nebraska elected a Democratic governor.
The prohibitory amendment was defeated.
The Farmers' Alliance carried the legis
lature. The Democrats elected the governor
and auditor in Massachusetts and made
gains in the legislature, which Is still
Republican. The prohibition candidate
for governor got 13,831 votes. The Dem
ocrats gained 5 congressmen, electing 7,
to 5 Republicans.
In Pennsylvania the Democrats elected
the governor, and the Republicans the
lieutenant-governor and secretary of
internal affairs. The congressional delega
tion stands 17 Republicans to 11 Dem
ocrats. The delegation stood 21 Repub
licans to 7 Democrats. The Republicans
will have a majority of 66 in the legis
lature on joint ballot.
In Minnesota the Democrats elected 3
congressmen and tho Farmers' Alliance
2. A Republican governor waa elected
Washington stats went Republican, as
did Novada.
Montana went Democratic.
Oklahoma elected a Republican delegate
to Congress.
In Wisconsin tho Bennett compulsory
school law and the Republican party
were defeated by the combined efforts of
the Democrats and the Lutherans and
Catholics. The new governor is Peck,
father of Peck's bad boy. The house is
Democratic. The Democrats elect 9 of
the 10 congressmen. They had but 3
before and the legislature was over
whelmingly Republican in both branches.
In Tennessee the Democrats carried
everything. The Prohibition candidate
for governor got 10,000 votes.
New Hampshire elected a Republican
legislature and two Democratic con
gressmen. There waa no choice of i
governor and the legls'ature will elect.
The new Connecticut legislature is
Republican. .
The Republican party elected its entire
ticket in South Dakota.
In North Dakota woman suffrage was
defeated by 8,000 majority. The Repub-
: licans carried the state.
JTarm Boles.
Fertll liter In California.
Tho following sound sense la condensed
trom Professor Illlgard'a receut bulletin
on the use of fertilizers In California,
Issued from the university of California,
and is worthy of uar ful study: In order
to fertilize Intelligently wo must know,
first of all, what Ingredients ot tho soil
are chlufly drawn upon by the crop sold
off tho land; soooudly. wo must know
which ot these Ingredients are so abund
antly present In the soil (or Irrigation
water, aa the case may be) as to render
their replacement unnecessary, for the
present at least. Nitrogen, potash, phos
phoric acid and lime are the only ones
of which the replacement need ordinarily
be considered. A thousand pounds of
fresh grapes contain 5 pounds ot pot
ash, orauges 2.78 laiunds, t tears 1.8. plums
1.72, apples .8.
Ot phosphoric acid 1000 pounds ot
grapes contain 1.52 pounds, oranges .67,
pear .3, plums .44, apples .3.
Of nitrogen grapes have l.t pounds tu
1000, oranges 2.69, pears .6, plums 4.2,
pples .6.
The oranges referred to are seedless.
It will be seen for equal parte of these
fruits grnpe-s take from tho ayll by far
the largest amount of mineral matter,
one-half of it potash. They also carry off
the largest amount of phosphoric acid.
For seedless grapes tho latter Item would.
however, be considerably smaller. Next
In the total drain of mineral matter
come oranges. They draw quite heavily
upon the potash and nitrogen In the
oll, but less than grapes upon the phos
phoric acid. Pears come next, but draw
only lightly on nitrogen. Plums, In
cluding prunes, are conspicuous chiefly
for their heavy draft ou tho nitrogen of
the soil. The difference between apples
and ears In respect to soil exhaustion
for an equal weight of fruit is quite
striking, the amount of potash In apples
being less than half and the phosphoric
acid only a trifle over halt as much as
In the pear, while nitrogen Is equal In
both and quite low as compared to the
orange, which has four times as much
and must therefore bo accounted rela
tively much more nourishing to man, as
well as more exhausting to the soli.
Few soils are about evenly constituted
with respect to the four Important plant
food substances; there Is in most cases
one or several of these present in super
abundance, so that to replace the small
amount carried off by the crop would be
as useless as " carrying coals to New
castle," at least for the present. The
analysis of soils and Irrigation waters is
necessary to gain information on these
points.
Whatever is dissolved lu irrigation
rater Is absolutely available to vegeta
tion. As regards soils, the Indications
given by chemical analysis are not so
definite, because the acids used In the
laboratory are more powerf ul than those
at tho command of the roots of plants.
Here experience must be our main guide,
and that baa shown that practically soils
containing, as shown by analysis, more
than a certain percentage of a given sub
stance may be considered as abundantly
supplied with tho same, while If the per
centage falls ltelow a certain other point
such Ingredient may be considered as
being deficient. The crucial test in
either case Is tho experimental use of
the fei'tlluer on the soil In question.
Nearly all the soils of this state may
be considered as abundantly supplied
with lime. The chief exceptions occur In
tho higher portions of the foothills.
where the rainfall la high and summer
rains occur. In all the valley soils lime
Is abundant.
The great majority of soils in Califor
nia contain an abundance ot potash. The
exceptions are the rainy belts of the
Sierra and the northwest coast. In cases
ot Intense culture In vegetable gardens
and berry patches the draft upon the
soil Ingredients is so heavy that in a
few years all require replacement.
Phosphoric acid Is one of the substances
to be first suspected of exhaustion In
the non-alkallne soils of California.
The ordinary measure of nitrogen in
soils Is the vegetable mold, the presence
of which is generally manifested, and
outside of " red " soils Is fairly measured,
by the more or less blackish tint when
wetted. Vegetable mold Is rarely abund
ant In the upland soils of the state, and
this Is especially true of the mesa soils
of the south those best adapted for the
growth of the citrus fruits hence it Is
reasonable to suppose that a lack of ni
trogen will bo among the first things to
be apprehended when those fruits shrink
In Blze and production falls on these
sol's.
Elsewhere stable manure la tho ordl
nary source of this as well as of the
other plant foods, but it Is less available
In the dry climate of California and is
produced In but bid a 11 quantities In hor
ticultural communities. The most con
venient and cheapest source of nitrogen
at the command of the farmer Is Chili
saltpeter, which contains about 16 per
cent of nitrogen In its most effective
form. From 150 to 200 pounds an acre
Is the usual dose. Sulphate ot ammonia
is the other most available source of ni
trogen. A good commercial article con
tains 20 per cent and over of nitrogen
Hones for Treea.
Bones put Into a well-kept (moistened)
manure pile will gradually decay ana
disappear, enriching tho manure to that
extent.
Raw bones may be burled In the soil
around the trees; If placed at a sufficient
depth, beyond the reach ot the summer's
heat and drouth, the rootlets will cluster
around each piece, and in the course o
a few years consume It entirely. But It
will not do to have these root clusters
broken up by cultivation every season
Bones may be packed In moist wood
ashes, best mixed with a little quicklime,
and the mass kept moist but never drip
ping. In a few months the hardest
bones will be reduced to a fine mush
which Is as effectual as superphosphate,
Concentrated lye and soil may be u?ed
Instead of ashes. In this process the
nitrogen of the bones Is lost, going off
In the form of ammonia, the, odor of
which Is very perceptlbleTa' the tank
used. For neither of these processes
should the bones be burnt. The burning
of. bones Is a positive detriment to their
effectiveness, and can only be nndone by
the use ot sulphuric acid. Professor Hil
gard.
The national agricultural department
will make a survey ot Death Vrv.
Ten scientists are in tho survey P--tv-The
temperature in the valley is 150 rj
summer and 110 In winter.
Practice and Theory.
Faikfikld, Solano Co, Cal.
Margaret B. Harvey has talked some
sound seriBO In her article on "The Cook
of tho Future," but I think tho picture
he draws of a community In wulch all
tho oooklng Is to lie done by men on
tho community plan Is rather Utopian, at
ast as far as farmers' and poor me
chanics' families are concerned. She
writes from a lofty standpoint of as
sumed superiority over men. This Is
not ooimUtent with tho position taken
by progressive women of to-lay. They
lalin equality letween the sexes. She
claims an Inequality and would upset all
our arguments for equal rights.
She believes that "oooklng Is a suit
able employment for men, but not for
women." Would aho have tho women
on tho farm do the plowing and planting
nd faarveetlrg, and haul the crops to
tho depot, while their husbands cooaed
the dinner aud took care of the children?
Shall the women of America go Into the
coal mines to Work, as they did not long
ago In England, aud Into the blacksmith
shos, aa they do lu England now, while
their husbands do the housework 1 If
Margaret Harvey Is writing for the ma-
rity of the Americans, those who do
the work and constitute the real nobil
ity, I can see no other deduction, for
these people have not the means to hire
men to do the work of tho house and
leave the women In Idleness. If she la
rltlng for tho curse of society, tha ar
istocracy of wealth, who toll not nor
spin, whoe hands produce nothing while
they live, and whose death produces not
even a perceptible vacancy In this busy
world, I have nothing to say. It Is Im
material to me whether their cooking Is
done by a woman or a man, or w'hother
it la done at all or not.
The plan of co-operative cooking can
t course never tie successful with the
rnaas of our people tho farmers. It has
been tried In towns and has always been
failure. Each member of each family
has her or bis peculiar tastes, prefer
ences and desires, which no cook can
cater to when eooklng tor a dozen
families, and the experiment soon re
solves Itself into a case of -boarding-
house hash." San Francisco affords an
example of tho other alternative taking
meals out. It does very well for a time.
but there soon comes a longing for some
thing more like home. The bill ot tare
is satisfactory at first, but it soon be
comes monotonous aud is nothing but
the same old "boarding-house hash."
The experience of families who lived
this way does not invite imitation. The
home became but a lodging-bouse and
the children, In an appalling number of
Instances, went to the lad. That mode
of life which produces the greatest num
ber ot happy homes whose occupants
labor with their hands and add to the
productiveness of the nation la the most
successful.
It Is well to teach the boys to cook
and sew on buttons, and the girls to split
kindling-wood and drive nails, but the
mother who taught her five-year-old
daughter to tew on her older brother's
buttons was not teaching " the servility
of woman," any more than she would be
teaching the boy the servility of man it
she taught him to prepare In the evening
the kludilngs for the morning fire.
Mas. Kittie A. H.
Christian Voting Women.
A FaclUc coast committee ot the Young
Women's Christian Association haa been
formed, as follows : Mrs. Edward Thomp
son chairman, Mrs. J. F Merrill vice
chairman, Miss Mendera Berry secretary,
Mrs. William O. Gould treasurer, Mrs. J.
G. Chown, Mrs. G. W. Glbbs, Miss Clara
Hull, Mrs. R. L. W. Davis, San Fran
cisco; Mrs. J. N. Beard, Napa; Miss Julia
Chamblln, Riverside; Mis Jennie Smith,
Portland, Or.
Tho hoaoquarters are la 8an Francisco.
Tho double object of the committee is
first to promote tho welfare ot existing
associations by correspondence, visita
tion, conventions and publications, and.
second, to extend the work of the asso
ciation to every city and collego on the
coast. The committee Is planning to
keep one of Its members active In trav
eling throughout the field, assisting the
present associations and organizing new
ones wherever tho way Is open, ou the
plan of the national committee, by bring
ing the young women of a community
together in an associated effort for the
cultivation of symmetrical and well
rounded womanhood physical, social, in
tellectual and spiritual on the same
basis and with much the same methods
as the Young Men's Christian Association
employs. Tho address of Mrs. Thomp
son, the president. Is 1020 Mission street,
San Francisco.
(lint Abont Soup.
The meat from old animals Is much
better for soups than that of young an
imals, because It has more nutrition and
flavor. For Instance, beef is better than
veal.
To remove the grease from a bowl of
broth or soup for an invalid lay slips of
soft white paper over it a moment and
when removed tho globules of grease
will be taken up with It.
Soup stock may be made of tho odds
and ends of meat left in the larder and
from fresh meat. When tho latter is
ued the shin and neck pieces are much
better than the round. When soup stock
la made from fresh meat a little should
bo cut In small pieces and" browned In
dripping to glvo color to tho soup.
A clear soup Is more stimulating than
nourishing. Skimming and clearing a
soup takes away much of the real nutri
tive value.
Soups are cleared with the white and
shell of an egg, In the same manner as
coffee is cleared.
The number of married women who
are seeking opportunities for money
making Is undeniably on the Increase.
Place a layer of sliced cold sweet po
tatoes oa the bottom of a baktng-aisn
Cover well with butter and a sprinkle ot
sugar. Another layer ot potatoes, butter
aud sugar, tie peat, this untu the aisn is
filled. Cover well tho last layer with
sugar and butter. Brown it over In a
hot oven and serve hot.
If Brother Paul were preaching now ho
would give Sister Willard half his time
whenever he spoke, even if it were on
Mars hill. Paul was too smart a man to
reject the help of the women of our day
from tho pulpit. The only trouble with
Paul was that Gamaliel did not keep a
mixed school. With such a job of work
to do as to convert 1,500,000,000 people
more than half of them men, too -Paul
would take all the help he oould get
Senator AUair.
The Old Tin IHnner-Iforn.
sviii-u the liUwsonrn on the tatt-r and the taa-
wl'a in the corn.
In' tlie rlimiiln' toiimyteiuwa a-blushla' like
the ui'irn;
When I he pole iM-un'm young an' tender an"
the inyt-n an the beet.
An. the rowviitiiher an' cabbage 'bout big
enniiKh u rut ;
rVhen lh ynlU-r-'t-g fprlnff chlekt-a, fried In
titittt-r to a turn.
An' corn tMitie'ithot mi' buttermilk jeat emptied
from the churn,
), It' llitrn I love the mulu of the tootio' dla-
tMT-horn.
S'heu the hUHwrnr on the t teran' the tas
sel' ou tiie corn.
ft'hett the M-orchin' nun of summer pours
down a fdh-r'n hack
An him a-workiu' fit to kill a-plilu' up the
tack,
(V Ith the dimty weat a-pourln' down hi face
into hi i-ycti.
An' the thrn-hi-r keep a-buzztn' like pantry
full of ni,-i.
When he feels 'bout a holler as the everlast-
lii' itk.v.
Then lie eel a aeuae of fronenesa no thin' elite
ran xatisfr
Like the appetlzla' music of the too tin' dinner-horn
When the hloeftom' oo the tater aa' tue taq
ael's on the com.
Milk and hone v. ham
. hot and liffht.
eg-ga, and biscuits
Buck ii-at cake an' tree
ruerlanees is a
miirhtr Itincioti Mlrht.
An' roat ar rib an' sweet put-tor baked
with asolOire meat, t
But buttermilk an' garden saa is mighty bard
to iieat;
An' when a feller's empty from his buzzum to
lit bootM,
"There a ig-ut of hally looyer in Abe nz.'j-ln'
toot
Of the. wlmmen folks a-blowln' on tue old tin
dfutier-horo.
When Uie blonaom's on toe talor an' the tas
sel's on tle corn.
Edwin 8. Hopkins.
A BARCAIN IN CRABS.
How lr. Tompkins, ot f eon Tan,
Good Thine in Kaaa Unit.
Made a
"I like to do a little black bass fish
ing now and then." said Dr. Tomp
kins, of Penn Yan, ''but I'm not one of
those enthusiastic people who can't
pet along without it. The other day,
though, a friend of mine came in with
a fine catch of bass, and the sight of
them rather put me in tho humor of
jjoine out and getting a lot myself."
'What d'nl vou catch 'em withP I
asked my frien J.
-Crabs he safd.
"We call crawfish crabs in Penn
Tan. I had heard that crabs were '
good bait for black bass, and thinking
that I might get some fun out of them
ss well as au Uxly else, I went over to
L.ake Keuka outlet to gather some lor
bait. 1 banged around in the creek
for three hours, turning np stones and
slopping aliotit in the water knee deep.
ami succeeded in capturing live little
crah.
Well.' I said to myself, 'that Isn't a
very big lot of bait to start oh a day's
fishing with, but I guess I won't hare
any trouble getting two or three nice
bass, anyhow.'
'1 was about leaving the creek when
I met a small boy. lie was a Penn
Yan small boy, and had nerve, and he
hailed tue familiarly, aud said:
' 'Hullo, mister! What yon after?-
'I told hitn I was gathering crabs
for bait, but that they were powerful
scarce. -
"What'll yon give me to get you
some?' inquired the small boy.
"1 thought it would be a nice thing
to have a couple cf dozen or so of
crabs, for I'd want to lie going out
after more bass the next day, aud
knowing what a tough and tedious
time I'd had getting only live, I
thought I'd make it worth the boy's
while spending a day tugging and
sweating among the stones, and so I
said I'd give him 5 cents apiece for
crabs.
-How many'll I git you?' he asked.
" Oh, all you can.' I "replied, feeling
that all he could get would certainly
be few enough.
" 'All right!' he said, and I went np
the lake a mile or so with ray five
crabs to get some bass for my supper.
1 fished all the rest of the day and
never got as much ai a bite. Jt was
supper time when 1 pulled for home.
" 'The next man that says cnWis to
me,' I said to myself, 'it won't go well
with.
"After supper I was sitting in my
iffice. feeliug a little sore yet over my
Jay's fishing, when a knock came to
the door. 1 opened it, and there stood
the small boy I had hired to gather
irabs for, me. I had forgotten - all
tbout him.
'Hullo, misterP he said. 'I got
some!'
"Crabs were the very last thins I
was hankering after just then, but of
course a bargain was a bargain.
'All right.' I said. 'Fetch 'em in.'
"The small boy steoited aside, and
immediately appeared again accom
panied by another small boy. r.ach
boy lugged in a big tobacco pail. Each
pail was tilled with crabs.
'Great heavens!' 1 exclaimed. 'How
many have you got?'
" Ihere s two thousan' mister, said
the small bov I had bargained with.
But we'd V got a lot more if the pails
had been biirsrer.
"Two thousand crabs! If vou'H
take the trouble to figure on that you'll
tintl that at 5 cents apiece 2.0i crabs
will come to just an even $100, and
that was the price per crab I bad bonnd
myself to pay. W hile those boys had
nerve I've an idea that their ideas of
financiering were crude, for after some
exceedingly anxious and apprehensive
argument with them 1 induced them to
compromise on a basis of labor by the
day. and even then they made so good
a thing out of me that the next man
who mentions crab to me will stand an
excellent chance of having the price of
that day's work taken out of his hide.
I returned those crabs to Keuka outlet
antl any who want.' to may go there
nt . i...... ;r. k . r v
.. V .V. 1. 1 11 L I It . no U, X,. A
Sun.
Tonqnin Dogs as Kentinela.
Dogs as auxiliaries of the sentinel
are coining to the fore, sa3s our Pari9
correspondent. It appears that a kind
haa beeu discovered in Tonnuin which
has been converted into a vigilant and
ferocious sentinel. It is tall and pow
erfullv built. The wav it Is trained
may be expected to elicit the protest'
of that AnimiW Guardianot which we
announced the other dav the forthcom
ing issue. When these dogs are want
ed for military service they are tied up
and natives are engaged to beat and
otherwise ill use them. The French
soldier's duty, on the other hand, is to
feed and pet them. If, then, at night
they are fastened to a sentry-box they
naturally give the alarm directly an
Aunainite or Tonquiuois approaches.
They can distinguish the native from
the European by the scent, though
either should lie concealed. About
this method of training there seems to
be a good deal of unnecessary and
cruel iugenuity. Our Euglish dog
fanciers would prob tbly be willing to
undertake the training of sentinel dogs
ou-terms much easier for the dogs
themselves. London Standard.
The latest revelation in France is
that -400.000 is oaid bv the govern
ment to subsidize newspapers.
QUEEN OP THE ALLIGATORS.
A Lady Who flajr wtih All Sort ol Itrp
tiie In a Ui Hater Tank.
Loodoners have made aci."x;utarl-',
ith several suakt-chnrttiers good.
bad, and indifferent recent I v, but a
lady whose show ecli;s all others of
the kind for grace and daring. -as well
as having cciiltartties of its own. in
now io lie wen at the aauarirn -Mile.
Paula. Clad from to toe iti tijrht-fUtiiig
green, with golden tresse that rsnru
below her want, the latest subi'i'ator
of reptiles gives an entertainment with
snakes and carman or aili''ator '
both on the stage and in a tank, which
is a conspicuous for its novelty as for
its nerve. The deadly attentions of a
python, or the play full soap of a cay
man s jaw, are uo laughing matter;
but so completely has Mile, Paula
learned to control her Ktrantre subjects
that she works her will with the more
formidable monsters without the aliht-
est hesitation or dismay. Jo a lat'ire
glass lauit he play hide and seek w.Llt
huge serpents and several large alliga
tors. The illustration 2s front a phott
graph taken at the aquarium. in
speaking of her Capt, Swam, her hus
band, said: "Well, the great thing it
nerve uerve and knowledge of the
habits of animal. It is necessary to
kuow exactly how to catch hold of
them, and to catch hold at the exact
moment. The hon. far instance, m
allowed to twine itself as it will, to a
certain extent, but its moremeuls have
to be checked at a iriveu instant or
madame would Iw crushed to death iu
a minute or two. -
"The alligators all eorne from the
Mississippi river; the largest, about
seven feet long. i bet ween HO and 90
years old we leil the age by the imm-
ber of liitgs on the tail another is 3.
year, and a third ). They are vicious
brutes. I can tell you. and - want very
smart handling.; "The performance ill
the water is more dangerous than that
on the stage. Iccati-e out of the lank it
Is easier to g ve the slip to a conks or
alligator showing fiht. A poiut re
quiring attention is to keeit thetu
warm. Here there are kept at a com
fortable heat of 75 degrees, which al
ways insures their being lively, and the
water in the tank is ntso about that
temperature.
"How doe madam contrive to
stay
ink
so long under water?"
"Before allowing her head ti
beneath thi water she exhales
and
theu inhales d;epSr liv this menus
she ha managed to stay under long
as three nitutttes. Of course, that
means the jtossession of strong luugs."
A Iteoiarkable Career.
In the new numlwr of the Indiftn
iy.'trjr Captain 1. C. Temple, tha
editor, in the t-ourse of au article on
the coins of the modern Puujah chiefs,
refers to this remarkable career of one
of these chief. George Thomas, once
the rajah of Hansi. who started life as n
sailor. Tliomas originally went to
India in a man-of-war in 1781-2 and
served various chiefs in southern
I'ulis and bv 17K7 hitil found hla m sr
into the far ntfrthwest to the court of
the I'eguni Samru at Sardh&na. whose
service he entered. This he quiMe j
K-i.'i'ir maioi Apa ivnaavia itao. a
Mar.ttha chief, with whom he quarreled
In 1795. He was now a personage of
itiiorlanr-e in possession of a ia?lr
granted by his late chief, and waa able
to help Begrnni Samru when in dis
tress. Upon Apa Khatida Rao's sui
cide, in 1797. Thomas seems to have
been on uniformly bad term with his
successors, and spent most of ti time
in defending his jagir from their at
tacks. In 179. taking advantage of
the troubles of the times, he appears fa
have given np the land he held from
the Marat has, and to have seized the
district round Hisar and Aansi. known
as Hariana. The latter town he made
his capital and established himself as
rajah thereof.
liis territory comprised 253 villages
and paid a revenue of altout 8.000,000
rupees. - Again. according to his
biographer, quoting hia own words.
Here, savs Air. J hooi.ts (with that
energy and spirited animation which
distinguished him throughout bis ex
traordinarr life). I established a
mint and coined mr wn rupees.
hich I made current in my army antl
country, etc- After establishing him-
self at Hansi. the rest of Thomas's life,
like that of the neighboring chiefs, was
one of periietual war, in his case
against the Ma rat has and the Sikhs, as
represented chiefily by the chiefs of
Paliala, Nabha and Siod. In his case,
also, it ended in a general combination
against him, his flight into British ter-
ijiuit, anil irw raiu i OL'I jinmiiurt) I
isu. lie built a fort doe east of
and not far from Delhi, which he
named e after himself Georgegarh
but which is now known as Jahazgarh.
just as he is known as Jahaz (ship)
Sahib, apparently in recol lectin of his
origin.
A Horse With a Memory.
Some years ago a gentleman travel
ing on horseback in the lower counties
oL Pennsylvania met , a stranger
journeying in like mode, with whom
lie enifftoed in a tlenlinrv eunt-ffrHAlion
Thinking the stranger's horse look -
latuiiiar, ne remarked mat uie anilli
was probably one which had been
stolen from him six years before.
To settle the matter he made tho fol
lowing proposition: "When we arrive
at my house, your horse shall be tied
to the east post in frout of my door
the horse I am on to the west post.
After standing a short time, the bridle
of your horse shall be taken off, and it
be does not go to a pair of bars on the
west side of the house, pass. over, go
around to the east side of the barn,
pull out the pin, open the middle stable
door, I will not claim him. If he does,
I will furnish you conclusive evidence
that he was bred by me, but never
sold that he was 'stolen from me
just at the conclusion of the war: about
tne very time yon say vou purchased
mm. .
The traveler assented to the trial.
1 he horse was bitched tu the r
proposed, stood a few ruinates.-
saddle and bridle were taken off.
raised his head, pricked up bi. -looked
np the road, then dr ,
road several times, then d"'
and slowly walked past the' -" ''
over the bars and to the - " ' '"
as described, and with
lips drew out the pSu . "
old stall. ." -'
We scarcely if .
recognized by r', -. '
attested to " ' , -claimant,-
ar : v - vs-
title to the . . ".?'"' ' ' -