BANG
VOL. I.
LEBANON, OREGON, SATURDAY, MAY .7, 1887.
NO. 10.
rm
(ISSrlD EVtBY SJATVaDAV.)
J. H. STINB & CO.
. . . Publishers
TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION.
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(Payable in adrauoe.1
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Each adiU.kinal insertion...... . .. . 150
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Regular adrertiseinents inserted trpon liberal terms.
JOB PRINTING.
All rescrrptions of Job Priiclnir done cm short notlca.
Legal Klaiks, l ircuiars. Business l l ds. Kill Hcits,
Letter lieas. Posier-s etc.. executed ia good style and
at Invest lit in price.
SOCIETY NOTICES.
LEBANON topr.E, NO. . A. T k A. M : M -eta
at their new bail In Maaouic KkKk, uu Stu,viay
.renins;, on or before the iull moon.
J WASSOX, V. M.
LEBANON IXJTKJK, SO. 47. TL O. O. F.: Msets Sat
urday evening of ea.-h w-rt at Odd fellow's 1111,
Min street; Tisitlng brethren cn?U.UIy invited to
attend. J. J. lUAKlToS, 5. G.
HOSOS LOIXSK SO. 38. A o. r. W.. I tanon.
reton: Meets every first and third T!mrUT even
ings in the momh. F. M. RoStuE M. W.
J. S. COURTNEY, M. D.,
PHYSICIAN AMD SURGEON,
LEBANON OREGON,
f?" Office fa Dr. PjweTTs Reience.
F. M. MILLER,
ATTORNEY AT- LAW
N tary Public and General Insurance Agt.
LEBANON. OREGOS.
Collections and other bcsiiteas promptly attended to.
Ortioe on Main street.
DR. A. H. PETERSON,
SURGICAL. DENTIST,
Filling and Extracting Teeth a Specialty.
LEBAX. X, OREGON.
Office in residence, on M Tin street, next d-ior jinrth
nf O. B M-mtasroe's new residence. & 1 wor k warranted.
Charjes reasonable.
C. H. HARMON,
BARBER & HAIRDRESSER,
LEBANON, OREGOX.
Shaving, Hiir Catting and Shampooing in the
latest and
BEST STYLES.
jty Patronage respectfully solicited.
ST. CHAELES HOTEL,
LEBANjX. OREGOX,
X. W. Coiner Main and Sherman Streets, two Blocks
East ul E K. Depot.
J. NIXON. Prop'r.
Tables Supplied with the Best the Market
Affords.
Sample Rooms and the Best Aceommcdatiorjs for
Oonmierciai men.
&GeneraI Stage OAS e.
J. O. ROLAND,
9 Lebanon, Oregon,
MANrrACTCRKE A5D DEALER IS
Harness, Saddles, Bridles,
Whips, Spurs,
.AXD ALL.
Goods in the Saddlery Lone.
Harness and Sadd'es Repaired Promptly
and at
LOW PRICES.
Heat Market
WM. WERT II, Prsp-r.
Fresh and Salted Beef and
Pork,
MUTTON,
PORK, SAUSACE,
BOLOCNA and
' HAM.
Bacon ani Lard always en Hand.
Main Street, Lebanon, Or.
"-r". MEAD'S
Harness Shop!
Manufacturer and Dwaler m
HARNESS,
SADDLES,
WHIPS,
SPURS,
....And a full line of....
H fid cilery Goods.
All work work warranted Hand-made and
California leather.
1.
' Agents for STAVEK a WALKER
Agricultural Implements
And (he Celebrated
STUDEBAKER WAGON.
Miiu Street, - Lebanon, Qkekojt,
ff. w. smith;
Lebanon, Oregon,
DEALER
SI
i
..MAXrFACTVSEK OF.
Tin, Copper, Sheet-Iron Ware,
All kinds of Repairing
Also keep
X'lie WOVE1V
T. S. PILLSBURY,
Brownsville, Oregon.
Practical . Watchmaker.
.DEALER
Watches, Jewelry,
HS H HK X
UWULM I 0
JEWELRY,
Rings, Bracelets
ROGERS & BROS.' SILVERWARE.
All (ds tiuaranterd.
first Dxr M of as CUT HalL Mala Sir,3:!.
MITCHELL & LEWIS CO., Limited.
Factory: Rarlar, M l. II ranch : Portia nd. Or
MAXrFACTVRtRS OF
THE MITCHELL FARM
THE MITCHELL WAGON.
Loer. Header and Trucks; Dump, Hand and Road Carts; Open and Top
Buggies, Phaetons, Carriages, Buckboards, and
General Afrents for Canton Clipper Plows, Harrows. Cultivators. Road
Hera per, Gale Chilled Plows. Ideal Feed Mills and Wind Mil;, Knowl
ton Hay Rakes, Horse Powers, Wod Saws. Feed Cutters, ete. We
carry the largest and beet assorted stork of Vehicles on the Northwest
Coast. All our work is bnilt especially for this trade and fully warranted.
Send for new 1S87 catalogue,
Mitchell & Lewis Co., Limited, 188, 190, 192 and 194
Front Street, Portland, Oregon.
Our Roods are sold by F. II. ROSCOE &. CO., Hardware Dealers, Lebanon, Or.
A JU JM.
Watchmaker-",
...DKALER IK....
Watches, Cloch, Jewelry, Silver
AGENT
ROCEuwyFORD
o o o o o o o
Repairing'
a
Specialty.
Qaick-TrainWvflTCHES
-
HOW'
tun
the IT. ft.
Coast Stir-
I ver. tn O
1 a Nvaj ob
i wn atnrv
o o o o o
: iCnt7inam C'nn
, U&uiway tuea. I to' y
... ALSO
Uie- fek
fca. ' II J? h
The Hew Noble Sewing Machine and Machine Supplies.
LEBANON OREGON.
IX
Tiine,Iroi,Piisic.
Done at Short Notice.
in stock
WIRE 131I2I.
IX...
Optical Coods.
' mTTTlrrtT Tin
iniiviuijiio,
LADIES'
Cuff and Collar
SETS,
Chain, Pins, Etc.
All W ork Warranted.
IJrowiis ville, Or
AND SPRING WAGONS.
"fc 1 sl I 1 a
JLji. AV J Jk
and ."-Jeweler-
Plate. Ware and Optical Goods.
KOR
o o o o o o o
All Work
' 1 - SERVICE
mai
Guaranteed
BKST. B,)id
n prlnrlDJil
Ait TH K
citieftit towns
o o o o o o o
Jw lem), with
Fail Warnat?. j
AOINT TOR....
ttst5
NATURE IN RUINS.
An Unexplored Itefrlbii In the Wonderland
of the Far W est.
There is one p:ut of the United
States of which but little Is known,
although it is not far rtmiorud from lo
calities which have been settled for a
long time. This undiscovered country
lies near our own doors. It borders
upon our own State, and yet Colorado
people are, as a rulo. as iguorant of it
as are the inhabitants of the East.
The country to which we refer is
that stranjje region deeply cut with
canyons, and, by repute, dry and bar
run, which constitutes the northeastern
part of Arizona and the southeastern
part of Utah. . A few cattleman have
lu'en in part of that portion of the
country lying within the boundaries
of Utah, but after goin;; one hundred
miles west of the Colorado or the New
Mexico line it becomes so strange
that we know the country only by
rumor. This is particularly true of the
part Included within the boundaries
of Arizona. Indians and canyons have
combined to keep the white man out.
The first drive him back, and the
second would impede his progress into
this strange region.
The great Colorado river of the West
flows through canyons made famous
by the Government report ,of the ex
plorations conducted by Major PowclL
At some points the cliffs rise not per
pendicularly, but in benches, to the
height of more than a mile above the
river. A mile on level ground ap
pears to be but a short distance. But
when we think of sitting near the
edge of a cliff and looking down intoa
narrow canyon, not for a mile only,
but for more than 6.0X) feet, the very
thought ite!f assumes the shape
of a horror. B:it this is what
may be done at the Grand
canon of the Colorado river. The de
scent is not sheer, straight down, but
it is sufflcientlv near the perpendicular
; to enable one who will dare approach
the dizzy summit of the cliff to see the
narrow ban I of silver which is the
foaming river, as it appears from the
summit of th gorge.
Into this m'gHtv, vawning canon the
San Juan ami the Ivttle Colorado flow.
Thev, tiw. have cano is but little less
fearful th in that of the chief stream.
and it Is these and similar chasms
which impede the exploration of the
country, rsesiues. it is t-aul to be a
desert rejrio!!. and that the immigrant
would find but little there to reward
hiin for the pain ami the toil of forcing
his wav into it. Rut rumors imucate
that whatever niav le its condition now
it was once inhabited. Stories com
of the di seovery of immense and won
derful ruin seatten-d over the plains or
concealed in Ihe canvons. H e know of
the ruins in the Plaucos canyon, of th
if possible, mire wonderful ruins in the
C'haco canvon of New Mexico, but if
reports be true the grandest of all the
ruins left by the original inhabitants of
tfct'se mountains are to be found in the
unknown region which we have de
scri!ed.
Whoever may be seeking adventure,
and who has the requisite time and
money, may find a field in the
canyon country which lies in North
eastern Arizona, between the Rio San
Juan and the Little Colorado. Whether
he would find any ruins of man's work
we do not know, but we are sure that
the country itself would present the ap
pearance of nature in ruins. Denver
(Col.) L'fp'tblican.
THE VANDERBILTS.
Interesting Oosslp About the 1. 1 Tins; Rep
resentative of the Family.
The Vanderbilt family have done a
full share toward both the useful ami
the ornamental style of architecture.
The old Commodore began the Grand
Union depot, then William built his
palace and his son Cornelius followed
I his example. Then Cornelius began
. the Railroad Club-house, which will be
the finest institution for this class in the
whole world, a'nl to these is added the
Lincoln National Bulk, which is really
a Vanderbilt institution. All these
structures are in clos j vicinity, and in
this manner the family has centralized
power in the most perminent manner.
A good walker, indeed, can go the
rounds of all these buildings in fifteen
minutes. The old Commodore had no
idea of such a result when he built
the Grand depot. H. then lived
down in Washington placo, more
than a m Vi distant, and used to
drive up in his carriage. William,
however, determined to gather his sons
near the placo where the chief wealth
was centered, and the above mentioned
locality may now be called the "Van
derbilt district."
One of the most important features
in this district is the Lincoln National
Bank, whose stock is chiefly held by the
Vanderbilts. This bank now has the
full patronage of the family. In former
times the tdd Commodore deposited his
money in the Bank of New York, but
the family funds are all deposited in
the Lincoln, and the balance in their
favor is rarely less than two millions.
At present, it is estimated that the exe
cutors of William II. Vanderbilt have :v
dozen millions on deposit at the same
place. The lxinds and stocks deposited
here by William II. Vanderbilt were es
timated at $250,000..0 ), and, although
they are now divided, they have never
been removed.
The daughters also had a handsome
share, which of course benefits their
husbands, and this gives distinction to
the Vanderbilt sons-in-law. William
Sloane (or, rather, his wife) has the
largest share. Ho is the most exten
sive carpet dealer in the country, and
ought to be worth a million independ
ent of his wife's property. The Sloanes
are Scotch, and the firm was formed
torty years ago by the father of its
present members. They began small,
but their present ware'house is one of
the grand ust buildings in Broad war.
Th next son-in-law is Elliott Shep
herd, who Is a rich and well-established
member of the New York bar. The
third is Twombly. This is not a New-
York name, and he is the o.dy one of
the g ns-iii-law that was not a resident
of this city prior to marriage.
The Twomblvs. however, are a lead
ing family in B ston. whence the
present son-in-law came to win the
l.ride. The fath -r of the latter de
termined to keep her at home, and
therefora gave Twombly a profitable
freighting job in connection with the
railroad. Thi youngest soti-iu-law is
Si?ward Webb. He was born about
the time his father, Juiikm Watson
Webb, was under s uiteneo for violating
the anti-dwelling law, and as Governor
Seward interposed executive clemencv.
the nam-? was given as an act of grati
tude. Dr. Web!) had not. made much
progress in the medical profession at
the time of his marriage, and be soon
discontinued it in favor of a rich berth
in a sleeping-car company. A". 1'. Cor.
uosion iraveiter.
INTELLIGENT ANTS.
the r.lTty ltsrrd Which Th-y !!. played
for Kich Other' Welfare.
The Bible his m-tdi a'lts famous
for industry and . foresigV, and
modern naturalists tin. I few ani
mals more wor.hy of study. These
insects not onlv are snrprisiuglr
intelligent, but manifest a lively regard
f.r each other's welfare, a the f Mov
ing incident well illustrates. It i
taken from Mr. B.dt's "Naturalist in
Nicaragua:"
O.ie day, while watching a small
column if these for.igin ; a-its, I
placed alittle stone on on.? of th n to
s:-cure it. l it next that approached,
as sio:i as it discovere I its s'tuat-o-i.
ran back i-i an agitated manner I icnii
muuicnte th intelligence to tha others.
They rulrd to the
at the stone. a'J I
others s-?:Zi'd thj
legs, and tugged
re sen Po:n bit
tried to rs ve I?:
prisoner by " tb
with such
that I th vight the legs would b
p-illed off. but they persevered tili
th"y got. th captive fre . I next cov
ered one up with a piece of da v. l-av-i
ig o ily the ends of his atte iure pro
j -cling. It w is soo l d's -.ivered by ivs
fellow, which s -t t- work iiiim fd'ate
!y, and. by biting off p'eees of thclay.
soon lilnrated it. Another t:me I
found a very few of th.-m passing a!oti'
at intervals. I co iline I o le of the
under a pi ce of clay, at a little dis
tance from the line, with its heal pro
jecting. Several ants pissed ii. hut at
last one discovered it, and tried to pull
it out, but could not. It inrneliatdy
set o!T at a "Teat rate, and I thought it
had deserted its emirade: but it had
onlv gone for assistance, for in a short
time almut a dozen ants came hurrying
up, evidentlv fully inform d of th cir
cumstances of the case, for they made
directly for their imprisoned comrade,
and s-Hn set him fiee. The excite
ment and ardor with which their car
ried on " their unflagging exertions
coui. I not nave neen greater u inev
had been human beings. Youth's Com
panion.
The Way of Women.
She came around the corner the other
evening with tears in her eyes and a
shawl over her head to tell a patrolman
that her husband had been Iteati ig her
ajriin.
"Well, you must go to the police
court and get a warrant,' he re
plied. "Yes. I'll go the first thing in the
morning. Don't you think I also have
grounds for divorce?"'
"Why, certainly. Go to some law
yer and tell him what a loafer and
brute your husband is and you'll have
no trouble."
"Did yon say loafer and brute?"
"Yes, ma'am. H-; ought to be
tarred and feathered and rode ou a
rail."
"Don't you say that, sir!" she hotly
exclaimed, "and don't yon dare call
mv husband a loafer and a brute!"
'"But isn't he?"
"No, sir. He's one of the kindest
and best husbands in Detroit, and if
you talk alxnit hint I'll have yon up for
slander. The idea! Don't you never
dare to speak to me again never!"
Detroit Free Vest.
The Girl's Toilet,
A girl's every -day toilet is part of her
character. 1 he maiden who is slovenly
in the morning is not to be trusted, how
ever line r-he may look the remainder of
the day. No matter how humble a led
ronm may be there are eight things it
should contain: A mirror, washstand,
water, soup, towels, hair, nail and
tooth brushes. These are as essentia! ns
one's breakfast and should be made
o-ood use of bcfore4hat is taken. Look
tidv in the morning and after the dinner
work is over the toilet can be in
proved. Make it a rule to dresB up for
the afternoon, even if in no better ma
terial than calico. With it clean and
fresh, a riblnm or somo bit of orna
ment, one can enjoy that feclingof self
respect and satisfaction that invariably
comes from being well dressed. A
troit Tribune.'
S"
New Definition of Bore.
DeKaggs I don't like Jupkins; he is
a confounded bore.
DeBaggs I never knew he was talka
tive. .
DeKaggs You don't know him.
talked to him about three hours last
night, and he interrupted me at least
four times. Philadelphia Call.
Now, which one of its authors will
f.mulate Tennyson and write "B-'auti
ful Snow Sixty Years After." Pills
Ourjh Chronicle.
MOORISH PALACES.
An Elegant Group of Oriental Building In
a Florida Town.
There came to St. Augustine, Fla., a
few years ago, after years spent in for-
eigi countries, a slender, mild-man-
net-bd, gray-haired man, whose talent
found there the material and proper
surroundings for its exercise. From
sketches of the most elaborate detail)-
of ihe Alhamhra and other Moorish
palaces in Soain. Tanciers ami Aln-iurK.
he erected a residence that is emphat-
lenllv viirt if rofinml lli-iuti t .,1 rt I
The material nsed is a beautiful con
crete, of a light gray color, durable as
granite, made from beach sand anil
small shells and cement. These in-
retnents were mixea witu water in a
mass, carried in hods and poured into
the matrix of the raising walls. Above
the entrance is the Arabic inscription:
Wa la ghalib il-Allah" "There is no
conqueror but God." Villa Zoravda is
the name of this unique creation, and
so graceful, airy and elegant is it that
4 has been called the most beautiful
residence in America. Utner bunding!'
in the same style are in progress;
but they do not seem like innovations.
o well do they harmonize with the
mellow tone of that style of Spanish
buildings, its narrow streets and its
generally quaint : appearance. Most
notable of these new creations is a ver-'
itable Spanish palace, which its owner
aesijn tor a notei. ltie work is
Hearing completion. It is to be in
three parts, one the Ponce de Leon,
separated from the Alcazar and the Casu
Monica bv the elcjrant promenade
Alameda. The Ponce de Leon is the I
nam bnil!mr. measurinff 3w bv 460
m . .
feet, with sleeping accommodations rl
000 guests and a spacious dininjr-h.T.l
:hat will accommodate 700. The archi
tect ure is pure! j Moorish from the t:l
towers and over-hanging tile roof to
the court and arcades. The interior is
Hch with terra-cota ornaments, niches,
'igurcs. shields, caps and balntrades.
u title in tue center a IM leet square is
ompletely enclosed by an arcade of
;rnate-eolimined arches stretching from
-ring to wing. The facade of the
Vlcazar directly opposite will be repro-
iuced from the Alcazar-of Seville and
will be occupied chiefly with bazaars.
restaurants, reading and billiard rooms,
tc, with sleeping apartments above
tor use in case of an overflow from the
Ponce de Leon, next door ; on the !
Alameda will be the Casa Monica the
house-mother of the St. Augustine, also"
elegant in its Moorish design. This
entire group of buildings will be un-i
equaled in any country as a successful
mltation of a foreign architectural
ityle. Cor. Uozton Transcript.
UGLY MR. BOWSER.
iria Patient Wife Relatra How Re Abased
Her at s llanket Ftrnlc
"We'll go!" suddenly exclaimed Mr.
Bowser one evening last summer as be
i.-it reading his paper.
"G where?"
"On this basket picnic to an island
up the river."
"Hut we went on one last summer
tnd you vowed never to be caught oa
such a tiip asrain."
"I did. eh?"
"Don't yon remember that vou called
.ill the people hogs, scolded about the
seat and got mad at me because I got-a
4 j in my eye?"
"Nothing of the sort, Mrs. Bowser.
I came home greatly refreshed, and
-hy we didn't go again is a puzzler to
ne. I want you to le ready to start at
line o'clock in the morning. "
"I'm afraid vou won't enjoy your-
-elf."
Oh! you are! Thank yon, Mrs. Bow-
er, but it 1 uoii t it won t be your
fault. 1 11 make out a list of the eat-
ibles to be taken along, and they'd
K'tter be put up to-night.
I was really delighted to go, and
A-hile Mr. Bowser smoked his cigar and
rested his feet on the back of a chair.
Mik and I hustled around and got the
unch ready. We were up betimes in
he morning, but although we reached
he boat half an hour ahead of her time
ve found a great crowd on board. We
nished and pulled and squeezed onr--xdves
along until we finally found a
ouple of camp stools which were suf
'ering with spinal complaint and
hrentening to give out at any moment.
"Didn't I tell you how it would be?"
growled Bowser, as we got sandwiched
n at last and felt the temperature go
ip to one hundred.
"Yes, I expected there'd be a crowd."
"Of course yon did, and yet you in
sisted on dragging me along? Mrs.
dowser, this is simply abominable!"
We had it a little better after every
nniy got settled and the boat started.
but it wasn't half an hour before Mr.
Bowser mortally offended a fat woman
who shut off his view; called a church
deacon a liar for sa3'ing that it was a
pleasnnt day; put his foot into some-
!wdy's lunch basket, and looked so
fierce at a year old baby that its mother
thought it was a case of sunstroke.
"I wish we hadn t have come," I
inally ventured to abserve.
"Yes, I suppose so! You probably
begrudge me the little comfort I'm
taking. That's the way with some
women!"
"But yoa are not taking a bit of
comfort,"
"Ain't I! Mrs. Bowser, if you will
pay more attention to keeping your No.
8 feet out of sight and less to watching
me, you'll get along a great deal bet
ter!"
We didn't speak again until we got
off at the island. Then Mr. Bowser
looked around at the scenery, turned
up his nose, and observed:
"Nice place this is for a pic-nic! I
can smell chills and fever in the air.
and here's a thundering big mosquito
on my hand.
"You seemed so anxious last night
to come tbat x hoped you would thor
oughly enjoy yourself." .
"I anxious to come? Have yon lost
your senses? Y hat on earth could
bring a sane man on such an excursion
as this, except a desire to please his
wife! Don't make deliberate misstate
ments, Mrs. Bowser!"
We finally found a shady place and
sat down to luncheon. I had scarcely
arranged the provisions when Mr.
Bowser glanced over them and ex-
t - UllIIieI.
"Boiled eggs and cold corned beef!
Is that some of your work?"
" hy, you had them on your list."
"Never! I haven't eaten of either
in a whole year, and tou know it!
Yon deliberately planned to disgust
me!"
'Here is the list, Mr. Bowser, and
you fcan see for yourself!"
"11 m! They are down there, bnt
you know I dashed it off in a hurry.
Such dinner to bring on an excur
sion!" He ate heartilv, however, and was
greatly enjoying his cigar when a mos-
(uito stung him on the back of the
neck, antl as he scranmbled up he got
some ashes in his eves.
'I knew it knew just how this in
fernal thing would terminate!" he
howled, as he danced around.
"Can't I help you?"
"Help Halifax! Yon saw that mos
quito and never ;aid a word!"
"Mr. Bowser, I."
"Don't Mr. Bowser me! I believe
Jon aISO threw pepper in my eyes! You
we" determined from the very outset
a r I ii ? JI M
" P" "s uaj ior me:
We'll go
aboard the boat!"
e went aown ana sat ior two Honrs
and a half in the heat- Mr. Bowser
blowing me np regular every ten min
utes, and the boat finally started for
home. Some of the machinery broke
down after awhile, detaining us for an
hour, and Mr. Bow?er laid it to me.
We came very nenr having a collision.
and he put it on my shoulders. - We
didn't get home until an hour after
midnight, and he made me walk thir
teen blocks as a '.reward. When we
finally entered ou- door Mr. Bowser
gave the luneh basket a terrible kick,
flnng his hat across the room and turned
on me with: - - -
"Mrs. Bowser, don't never dare make
a fool of me again!"
"But who first proposed going?"
'Who did? Will vou stand there and
ask me snch a question as that?
"If yon hadn t read the notice I
shouldn't have known any thing about
it, and if yon hadn't urged me to go I
should certainly hare remained at home.
I warned you at the start that we should
be disgusted with the trip."
He regarded me for a moment with
looks of pity and Hntempt and then re
marked:
"I was warned before onr marriage
hat insanity ran in your family, anil I
have no one to blame but myself. Poor
wife poor Mrs. Bowser!" Detroit Free
Press.
i
THE LONGEST TUNNEL.
Completion of an Engineering Work That'
Was Be;as in 1183.
An engineering work that has taken
aver a century to construct can hardly
fail to offer some points of interest in
its history, and illustrate the march of
events during the years of its progress.
An instance of this kind is to be found
in a tunnel not long since completed,
but which was commenced over 100
years ago. This turnel, or adit, as it
should be more strictly termed, is at
Schemnitz. in Hungary. -Its construc
tion was agreed upon in 1782, the
jbject being to carry off the water
from the Schemnitz mines to the lowest
part of the Gran Valley.
The work is now complete, and it
forms the longest tnnnel in the world,
being 10.27 miles long, or about one
mile longer than St. Gothard, and two
d one-half miles longer than Mont
tenis. lneneighth is i teet 10 inches
ad the breadth 5 feet S inches. This
tunnel, which has taken so long in
making, has cost nearly a million ster
ling, but the money appears to have
been well spent; at least the present
reneration has no reason to grumble,
for the saying for being able to do away
with water-raising appliances amounts
to 15,000 a year.
There is one further point, however.
worth notice, for if we have the advan
tage of our great-grandfathers in the
matter of mechanical appliances, they
certainly were better off in the price of
labor. The original contract for the
tunnel, made in 1782, was that it should
be completed in thirty years and should
cost 7 per yard run. For eleven years
the work was done at this price, but
the French revolution enhanced the
cost of labor and materials to such an ex
tent that for thirty years little progress
was made. Ior ten years following
much progress was made, and then the
work dropped for twenty years more,
until the water threatened to drown the
mines out altogether. Finally the
tunnel was completed in 1878, the re
maining part costing 22 a yard, or
more than three times as much as the
original contract rate. Engineering.
The Vera Cruz railway, savs the
Mexican financier,- began using steel
ties in 18S4, and now has some 20,000
in use. Forty thousand have been
ordered from England, where they
cost $1.25 in gold each, and chartering
its own vessels the Vera Crnz Com
pany can lay them down at a cost not
to exceed f2, Mexican silver. The
wooden ties, displaced, cost from nine
ty cents to f 1.62 in silver. The life of
the steel tie it is believed will be from
thirty to fifty years. In India steel is
being used in place of teak, one of the
best woods. .