T ry the Hom e
P rin t Shop F ira t
THE SPRINGFIELD NEWS
t w e n t y - f if t h year
FINAL PUNS FDR
LANE RUB SHAPED
SPIUNOFIBLD. iJtNK COUNTY. OREGON. THURSDAY AUGUST 80.
SPRINGFIELD COUPLE
CELEBRATE FORTIETH
WEDDING ANNIVERSARY
R iveters Finish
Job on New Span
a
L iv e n e w s p a p e r
IN A LIVE TOWN
NUMBER
1928
LABOR OH WILL BE
OBSERVED QDIETLF
"The People'» Papar"
LIGHTING FOR NEW
BRIDGE IS SETTLED
Just how the new McKenzie
highway bridge here will be lighted
has been decided as a result of
word from the state highway com­
mission thia week
Mayor O. O.
Bushman and E. E Morrison, the
latter chairman of the chamber of
commerce bridge committee, have
each heard from the commission.
The commission favored the pro­
posal of the city to Install 1* lights
on life bridge, eight on each »Me.
The lights, 30« watts In size, will
be evenly distributed over the »40-
foot bridge.
The commission will Install the
conduits leading up to the post«
and the city must maintain »he
lights. Committees of the IJons
club and chamber of commerce are
expected to raise the 2700 neces­
sary for the lamps and brackets.
Mayor Bushman said.
34
VOTERS 10 CHOOSE
3 0111OFFICIALS
Mr. and Mr«. It ». Oldham have Structure Will Be Completed
been married for 40 year«
Within Next Two Month»,
Mayor and Two Councilman
Tuesday they celebrated their 40th
Four-L Will Provide No Celebra­
Says
Contractor
Muat Ba Elected in Novem­
Record Crowd» Anticipated at wedding anniversary at their home In
tion Thi» Year; Booth-Kelly
ber;
W. F. Walker Latest
Hprlnxfle
Big Exposition Sept. 5 to 8; Weat ■prlngfleld.
Borne 50 guest»
Before election lime the new Mr
Mill Will Shut Down for One
present to congratulate the
Name
Mentioned For Mayorj
Kenai« highway bridge will be com
Public Wedding»,
couple. The evening'» program
Day Only; Bank«, City Office»
pleted.
It
waa
announced
thia
morn­
Danner
Declines Council Job.
Pageant. Rodeo». Auto Con- <trl(.(|y taforma|.
And Store to Clo»e.
ing
by
O.
Lindstrom
who
la
In
charge
testa. Hor»e Race», Exhibit».
Four of Ihoae who gathered at the
With a mayor and two councilman
home a.ao ...en d ed the wedding o f < * » •
to ehooee In the November election»
the 1 Sprlngfleld will observe 1-abor Day |
The
last
rlvet^waa
placed
In
With date« of l-ane county fair only M(. an(J MrR oig^am at Oreenfleld.
quietly, »cording to preaent Indlca-
and little more than a month remain­
hlg steel segm ents which form th
a week away, elaborate plana are I | 0WSi Auruat 28. 1888 They were Mr*
ing for candidates to flle petition»
superstructure of the bridge on Tues ! tlona.
repldly shaping up which premia« to Roy Palmer. Mrs Edna Hazen. both
no celebration planned and i
which will place their names on the
day and the crew , left a completed , w ™ * noouIM;<(nM!n| lhat moal bu.,. •
make the big fall exposition more alatera of Mra Oldham. Mra F. W
ballot, there was considerable talk la
attractive and Interesting than ever Brown and Mra, O. H Keating, alatera
Fourteen riveters had been busy "«"» houses« will b» < Io»». pr
Sprlngfleld this week on the topic c<
to people of Sprlngfleld and I-an« of Mr Oldham.
for about three weeks, during which P*cta are that oca ,,“"p "
city politica.
county Spectacular firework«, thrill
Mr and Mra Oldham moved to time they put several thousand rivets entertainment at
e
The term of Mayor G. G. Bushmin
Ing horae race*, and automobile con o rPg(>B u, 1916. Hlnce that time they
— ’ and In the mountains
ends January 1. His successor must
testa. a wild weat show, two Wedding*. hayp madp their home In different " 1
„
.
_
_
t ,,r. | chapter of the Four-L organl
Two hlg cement mixers are now In , lx»™' rnap r
I
he nominated by a petition and the
n varied array of agricultural and
,,f j^ n e county. They have re-
paper filed on or before October ».
operation,
preparing
cement
for
the
announced
this
educational exhibit« reflecting the cpB|| y been engaged In the florist
floor of the bridge
Workmen are , tlon thia year.
retarv
On the council, L. L. May and M J.
prosperity of thia region, and a host |,ug, BPgg with Mra. Shantol, their
¡’h.’ V rurtura "d" “ d
mMd,°
¡Heretofore Ibe lumt* workers' group FRI2ELL SISTERS IN
McKlin. senior members, will both
of other features, are expected to daughter.
have ended their terms at the first of
___________________
«
bring record crowd« to the fair- ,
;;T i;
ALBANY t w in round - up 1 next year. Men to fill these two posts
grounds In Kugene September 5. ». ■
NATIONAL GUARD UNIT
750 more yards of cement and It Is ' * a
l
„„m o. ,n
---------
, must also be nominated by petition
and 8.
HAS THREE VACANCIES leveled out by the men. the bridge; ^ ^ . W“ h. ' 1^ a^ . an'’" " L am’nrhlc!¡
Albany, °r»., August 30 (Special!
and their names placed on the ballot
proper will he completed. Mr Lind i staging a full day's Pr"ar“"’
sprlngfleld Is represented In the stale­
For the flrat time, afternoon and
I In the fall election. •
-------------
—
a
-
st
rom
as.d
This
will
be
..th
in
two
'included
'
*
tiflubt program* are to be held each
wide twin round-up to be held here
For the first time In two years there
Council Now Incomplata
number of other celebration features. gatur(laJf by jjPBa and Frances Frlzell.
day of the fair, and In them the fair are three vacancies In the ranks nf months. It was stated.
In
the
meantime It Is the doty of the
M
ill
to
Shut
Down
,
board feels It la presenting the best t h e
The contractor has received no fur­
S p r in g fie ld
unit
o f
Whether the Wlndllng locals will ,
fh>n
geU
twlBB arp I present mayor to appoint a successor
grandstand offerings ever attempted the Oregon National Guard, It was ther word regarding the west »Id-»
.
. . __ , More than
Oregon's flrat an nu al,
Stewart who recently wa.
at a tJ«ne fair In addition to Hits, reported yesterday by Lieut. C. A. aprnach Objections to a fill at that have any entertainment has not been reglatered
automatically dropped from the conn-
however, plaba for «vary other depart Bwarts, company commander
round-up to be staged here Sat-
place will be voiced by the coun’v annonneed.
The Booth-Kelly Lumber company 1
aft„ n„„n ,t ha. been ann ou n -c" ”F failure to »Uend two successive
ment of the fair are booming, and
Two men have been granted d!s court at the September meeting of th« mill here will be closed down for the ¡ J
™ ronn(J
comm,ttee of the regular meetings
without sirin g
there will be «core« of Interesting charge papers and another has been state high way,comm ission and In the
notice
of
his
absence.
The city
one day Monday to allow employes , rhaJnbir of Commerce, sponsors of
attractions throughout the grounds transferred to another company
meantime It Is expected that noth-
charter provides that when a member
to
take
advantage
of
I
he
double
boll-
pvent.
during the four hlg days.
The discharge papers are for Ifsrt- Ing will be done shout the matter,
dav, according to O. H. Jarrett, super- j ElaboratP preparations have been Is absent two times without serving
Hundreds
of county
•
—
— - — people are ex ford m
ivny aim
v n ic oniuuci
-------------—
McVey
and ru
Private
Samuel Bet
notice, his position Is "deetr.ed vac-
lntendent
, completed for the reception and enter-
.
..
pected to come to the big fair, many , , B
private Kdward Tomseth has STEVENS HOPYARD WILL
The
Wendllng
camps
of
«>t.
com-
of
thp
twins
and
T,„,tors
aB„
ant". City official, take this to mean
of them for several days, according beeB transferred from the Company to
that the council Is not required to
START WORK SATURDAY panv have been closed down all this . ___________ J
to word from the fair offices at Eu
reserves
take any action to declare the office
week
A.
C
Dixon,
general
manager.
¡
Mpe<.t<M
No
char(fe
of
admission
gene Bpeclal arrangements to make (
«»warts expects the varan-
vacant.
Hop
picking
will
begin
at
the
'
announced
this
week
that
he
did
no!
mBde
visitors weh-ome and comfortable are Hpb w)„ h„ flI)pd w„ h , hrPp 0Bj|||t.
Steven's hopyard north of town Satnr- know whether the men there Would j
anrf Thpo Bogart of Corvallis.
E. R. Danner, who was recommend­
being made The fair Is annually a mPnta thin week, he stated
ed to Mayor Bushman for the vacancy,
day
morning.
September
1.
according
’
want
to
work
on
T-abor
day
or
not.
compete
are
18
years
old
,
place of meeting and renewing friend­
to an announcement today by J. A. j He Is to take the matter up with sup- ,
ce,e^ ated OBly four birth-| declined to acc®P‘ tha tK”'t OB
ships with people from various parts
of pressure o f other business. Who­
Seavny.
j erlntendents at that place.
of the country, and this year will be no LODGE MEMBERS HOLD
days: born on February 29. they have
ever Is named by the mayor and rati­
Pickers
will
be
taken
to
and
from
City
offices
will
he
closed
all
day
dlBttact|on
of
being
the
only
leap
PARTY FOR MRS. WILLIAMS
exception.
fied by the council will serve the re­
the
hopy«rd
In
a
truck
which
will
Monday
and
banka
w
ill
observe
It
aa
To Dedicate Bulldlno«
year twins In the state.
mainder of this year and for two ad­
Moat merchants will
enter
town
on
Mill
afreet,
go
through
a
legal
holiday
A
group
of
members
of
the
Rprlng.
The first morning of the fair w ill,
Mrs. J. A. Freeman, of Oregon City,
ditional years nntll a time when Mr.
not
he
open
for
business,
they
an
see the dedicating of the Four H d ob fl«M Neighbors of Woodcraft lodge the city and leave on Fifth street. Mr.
mother of throe sets of twins, aged
8tewart's term would odrlnarlly have
noun cod.
buildings which are now being rush- surprlssd Mrs. C. F. Williams by call­ Beavey said.
two. three, and four years old. res ,
tred
Growers state that the crop thia
ed to completion
O. M Hummer. Ing »I her home at 207 D street Wed-
poctlvely. Is expected to enter her |
year la good and that there -will be ( LIGHTS ON AUTOS PROVE
six children and a special honorary |
Petition O ut for Walks«
pxinsger of the International Live- nsaday artemoon
cash
prize
has
been
swarded
her.
w
p
- Tyson, the other senior menT-
stock show, will be the chief speaker
Those preaent were: Mra Bert little difficulty In marketing the pro­
DEFICIENT. SAYS DAVIS
,
„
, „
I’or of the council, will serve for two
at thia event, which will be of wide «*»•"*• Mrs Kenneth Chase. Mr« O. duct.
Twins of all ages from widely
. . . . . . .
the first of the coming
interest throughont the ronnty where P- Kizer. Mrs. Cliff Inman. Mary C.
At least 60 per cent of the auto-
part„ of thc state will he , y™r
Council
members are elected at
Four-H cluh member« are working. Magill, Mr«. Harl McPherson. Mra. MAN WELL KNOWN HERE
ohlles examined in a “light raid ^ere> f^e only entrance requirement ’
'
large,
although
an effort Is usually
Frank
Deeds
and
Mrs.
J.
R
Trotter.
A dnyllght fireworks program will fob
niF<5 IN E U G E N E S U N C X Y h**re ,h i" week d,d not mPasure nP t0 being that they muat live In Oregon.
'
...
D IE S IN t ______
U U t N t s u r v u . v state
..............
.................,
rp„rdlnr according
to _
.
. _____ _______ __________
made to distribute the positions aa
At the close of an afternoon nf con­
traffice
provisions,
to Each
low the dedication of the buildings,
set of twins will receive an entrv
M uls R. Richardson. 82. died at the . W. R. Davis, city traffic officer, -who prize of 2100. Cash prlxes of 210 00 that each section of the city will bo
and there will be luncheon at the fair­ versation refreshment« wore served
Rugene hospital Sunday following a assisted Sergeant Earl Houston. Eu- each will be given the oldest and i represented.
grounds.
A
Afternoon programs will start at
R .bskah. Hold Social
vounxest twins, the twins that most
A ne’ namp entered the list of
brlef Illness. He was for many years ' Kpne. of the state force.
1:30 sharp, and will feature horse
Two sides In the Rebekah member- a resident of the Fairmount district , The city officer stops from 15 to 0 closely resemble each other and th- P«*Pecta for the mayoralty race thl»
races, rodeo events and a number of ’ «»"P renewal campaign enjoyed „ In Eugene and was well acquainted In
whpn R
announced that W.
p«<’h "«*»” “ » WBrn drlvpr’ ,hat pair that travel the greatest distance ;
surprises
Then there will be that ’’nr'»1
,hp ,od«p haM Monday even this city. Just prior to his death he
to compete. The special prize for F
local mortician, will be
»«»> 1,ah’ or one, hpnd ’'*ht
I ‘»elr car Is not functioning he said. triplets Is so far unclaimed. All , nominated and that a petition is at-
most thrilling and exciting of hors« Ing Mrs. Clara Walker's side enter­ had been living near Junction City
No relatives aurvlve him. His wife | Philip Koke of Eugene paid a fine twins should register with the A^anv rpady »>eing circulated to place h i.
events, the wild horse race A small ' tained Alice Doane's side for the even­
50 yp"»ppd«V whpn he pleaded Chamber of Commerce but may defer name on the ballot.
herd of absolutely untnimed nnlmnls I ing Games were the feature of the died several years ago and they had «*
Unique refreshments were no children, Funera Iservlces were
Mr. Walker told the News he has
“ *'har*p of *Pppd‘"* ° n registration until their arrival in
has been brought to the fair for the evening
Fifth
street.
not
yet given the matter his considera­
wild horse race, and notorious buck served following (he entertainment.
Albany,
If
necessary.
held Monday afternoon In the Odd
tion and is not certain whether or not
Ing broncos await the cowboys Names
Fellows cemetery In Eugene under th« j
_
~
Office Is Established
he would accept nomination. He was
of note from the Pendleton and other
direction of the Walker-Poole funeral 1 0 LOCAL SCOUTS TAKE
Church Leaders Back
A
down
town business office In Eu-
formerly president of the chamber of
round ups will be noted nmong those
WEEK-END
CAMP
JAUNT
home In Eugene.
Both Rev S. E. Childers, pastor.
’ commerce and Lions club and has
of the cowboys who w ill perform | 8pno has been established by th«.|
An
overnight
ramp
at
Fall
Creek
and
Claud
Neely,
music
director,
of
been a resident of this city for th»
Dave Anderson, of Union, well known , F,uff Ru* romP"n>r- The factory of
took 10 Sprlngfleld Bay Scouts into ti,e Sprlngfleld Christian church will
round up cowbov. has ‘hp company will remain at the pres- MILL EMPLYOES LEAVE
past 40 years. He has been in busi­
Pendleton
the
woods
for
the
week-end
last
Sat-
be
here
for
services
at
the
church
ent location at 1838 Jefferson
T h e,
q N j q |NT AUTO OUTING
ness here for 25 years.
charge of this department.
Sunday. Both have been enjoying
urday.
---------
In the uncanny glow of search- 1 new office Is at 888 Olive htreet. A l
Cox Still Undecided
The
boys,
all
members
of
Lions
club
vacations.
Rev.
Mr.
Childers
was
In
-llghts, auto pushball, a wild, exciting display of new and rebuilt rugs will ( w hen employes of the Hill Creek troop No. 11. left here Saturday even­ the pulpit last Sunday. Announce­
The only other petition now In cir­
; Lumber company near Jasper heard
contest, and auto polo, more danger­ be arranged at the office.
ing aad returned Sunday afternoon. C. ments for Sunday were not available culation la that to place H. J. Cox itt
--------------------------- ; that they were to have a two weeks
ous and thrilling than polo on horae-
L. Aldrich, scoutmaster, accompanied today because the pastor w as on a ' nomination for mayor. Mr. Cox said
Going to Laka— Mr. and Mra. Roy vacat|on while the mill there was shut
hack or In the water, will take place
buslneas trip to Albany. However, i thia week that he was not certain
the boys on the trip.
There will also he a somersaulting Carlton are going to Carter I^ke the down they got their heads together
the
trip
were:
regular morning and evening services that he will run.
Those
who
kook
latter part of this week to bring h-nne
t0 tJj(, beat w>y t0 g|M,Bd that time.
automobile, novelty auto races, and
Mayor Bushman, who is understood
'
Lloyd
Ellison,
Robert
Starks.
Earl
will be held, with Christian Enedavor
who
has
been
their daughter, Iowa
other features.
The resu t was
a
en
m
Wheeler, Billy Wheeler, WIston Bacus, ( a| the usual hour.
to be aupportlng Walker for his suc­
working during the summer
---------- __
__
aa _ a ( par|,pd camping
equipment, loaded it
cessor, stated that he believed the lat­
Forsworkt On Program
Donavan Montgomery, Gordon Wright,
ine n rm ■■
,n lhp f TBt*r Lakp ,od<p nil on a ldg truck and tot out for a
ter can be Induced to seek the office,
"The Winning of the
West"
Is
the
John
Adams.
Robert
Richardson,
and
Pollards
on
Trips
flrZworka demon’ ! M,'"‘ Carl,"n
" ",udpn‘ at ,hp tT"*', sort of community outing.
title given a great
Melvin Foss.
Dr and Mrs. W. H. Pollard and The present mayor has stated a num-
verslty of Oregon.
They went over the McKenzie pass
stratlon, In which a costumed figure -
Several of the boys passed portions family spent last Sunday at Oregou her of times that he will not accept
representing Ezra Meeker, noted afternoon The race program Includes to Bend and^other parta of eaatern of their o—.
swimming tests, according to City visiting friends. Their daugh re-election even If It is tendered.
Wednesday. September 5 - 2:30 , Oregon last Monday. During the two
f
Among the other possibilities rumor­
horderman, tells the story as It Is en­
ter, Ruth, remained there for the
acted In greRt pyrntecblne display. A pace; 3:16 trot; running 4H furlongs, j weeks they will see a Urge part of
week. Wednesday the Pollard family, ed on the streets are C. O. Wilson, L,
Club Meeting Postponed
Thursday—2 30 trot; 2:15 pace; I*1“’ country.
covered wagon In flames, Ctiater’s last
accompanied hy Miss Ethel Spencer, L. May and M. J. McKlin. The former
Meeting of the Sprlngfleld Women's drove to Bend on business. They re­ has indicated that he will run If nomi­
stand, and the pony express, and a running 8 furlongs, Eugene Derby;
Civic club, scheduled for last Tues­
Union Service Ends
nated by petition. Mr. May stated he
cowboy event called "4»et ’er Buck.” running 4% furlongs.
turned the same evening.
Last of the union Sunday evenjng day evening, has been postponed.
would run If there was no other candi­
will also be featured. In addition, a
Frldny—Free for all pace, special
date and Mr. McKlin so far has as­
scene portrnylng a dirigible and air­ trot, running 5 furlongs, running 4H church services here for this season ( Both Mrs. W. W Walker, presldt-nt.
Methodist Services
was held last Sunday night, with Rev - and Mrs. W. C. McLagan. vlce-presl
plane battle will he enacted, contain- furlongs
Program for services at the Method­ serted that he will not be a candidate.
Saturday—Free for all post; apodal Gabriel Sykes, pastor of the Methodist dent, o i the club are out of Hie city
Richmond Eyes Council
Ing thrills gnlore as the fight In the
ist
church Sunday were announced
church. In the pulpit. Next Sunday and no definite date for the meeting by Rev Gahrlel Sykes, pastor, as fol­
In order to get a place on the ballot
clouds unfolds and the hlmp la brouiAi» trot, running 5 furlongs.
has been set. Discussion of a new
the candidate must be nominated by a
to earth in flames. As a fltttlng close
Space In the fair buildings Is In ' regular services will be resumed at
location for the city library is on the lows: Sunday school at 9:45 o'clock; petition signed hy 3 per cent of the
each
of
the
churches.
to the last night of the fair, the Boy groat demand. A new Industrial build­
preaching
service,
11
o’clock,
subject,
docket for the first w eettlng of the
people who voted for the mayor at the
Bcouts will give the oath of allegiance ing has bAen taken up entirely, and
club, It was stated by Mrs. L. K. "Christianity as Obedience to a last election. This means that the
Mra. Pengra Honored
*■ a great flag In fireworks Is unfurled. there will bo more exhibits of this j
Master.”
;
7
o’clock,
Epworth
League;
Pake. secretary.
Widespread Interest Is being at- kind than pv,,r before. Four-H hoys | Members of the Baptist church choir
8 o’clock, sermon topic, “Christian petition must have at least 30 names,
according to I. M. Peterson, city re­
traded to the two weddings which will I Rnd x |rig , ake b large part In the fair, | iRg, Friday evening held a surprise
Plan Cacatlona—Among Sprlngfleld Breadth and Worldly Narrowness.”
corder. These petitions must be filed
be performed publicly at the fair- I |nc]udlng a stock show of their own par(y at the parsonage of the church people who will be out of town for
with the recorder by October 6.
grounds. The names of the couples and many displays. E. A. McComark. for Mr „nd Mrs. Arthur Pengra who the double holiday which Includes
Fishing Found Good
Only one name has been mentioned
are being kept soeret, hut It Is known head of the livestock department, re- arp iPavlng soon for their home In Labor day are Oswald Olson and
Carl Olson and Harry Whitney re­
that they are all Lane county young ports that already a full exhibit In Newport. Mrs. Pengra has been solo- mother, Mrs. Emma Olson, Mr. and turned Inst night from a fishing trip for the council. It Is stated that Sam
people. It Is also known that the girl all lines Is assured. Horses, dwlry ()Ht at (hP church for some time Thirty Mrs. B. D. Smith, Mr. and Mrs. C. E. on the Deschutes river 60 m iles from Richmond has been approached on
-who will he married Wednesday Is a cattle, beef breeds, sheep, goats and mPmbers of the choir were present Kenyon, Mr. and Mrs. Welby Stevens Bend. During the two days they the subject and that he may seek the
and Mr. and Mrs J. D. Williams. Mr. |
thprp thpy foBBd fly in g good, office.
brunette, while the one whose wed- swine will he shown. The hnrns have t0 w|sh them farewell.
Conndlmen serve for four year».
and Mrs. C. E. Swarts, Miss Edna It was reported. The two men brought
ding comes on Frldny night hns bright been renovated and denned and there
Two are elected each two years.
Swarts, Mrs. Mary Kessey and home a good catch of redsldes.
will he additional space for an over­
auburn hair.
Party Held at Lake
There will he no vacancy In the of­
Races are Unique
flow.
I Mrs. John Bushman. Mrs. Arthur Dwight Kessey are planning a trip
Tn the main pavilion will he a wide nuahman mid Mrs. Graham Smith, the to Crater I^tke over th© week-end.
Montgomery« Have Visitors—Mr. fice of city recorder this year. I. M.
On Friday and Saturday afternoons
Peterson, present recorder and city
aomathlng now will he Introduced In array of displays, Including communl- ]ajtpr 0, Rugene, were hostesses Sun-
Maias Back From Trip—Mr. and and Mrs. Classen, of Los Angeles,
attorney, was elected two years ago
the program In the shape of bicycle ty .shows from Santa Clam, G oshen., dgy nf R pRrty Rt th„ 0 q Bushman Mrs. M. M. Male and daughter, Grace, visited here Tuesday for a short time
racoH around the tracks. Nene of the Irving. Wlllakenxle, and the public RtlmIBPr home on Triangle Lake, are hack from a trip to Gardtner, with Mr. and Mrs. A1 Montgomery to serve a four-year term.
A petition nominating Mr. Walker
Guests wereMr. and Mrs. Beldon Babb, where they visited Mrs. Male’s while enroute to Canada and various
progrnms will be alike, and visitors market.
Concession space has been taken up Mr an(J MrR Frank Rinehart, Mr. and brother. They spent the past week­ Washington cities
The Clasaen’s for mayor, containing the name» of
may atlend all day every day and see
som ething now each time, fnlr officials rapidly, and there will he many carat- Mrg Kar, kprork , Mr. and Mrs. end at Newport, returning here Mon­ were formerly neighbors of Mr. and 35 signer». 1» at the etty hall »w»tt-
(Continued on Page I)
1 say. Horse racing, always popular In val features for the entertainment of WaltPr n anks, Mr. and Mra. James
Mrs. Montgomery In Loa Angelee.
day.
I nard|ng.
Lane county, will take place each old and young.