THE LANE COUNTY NEWS OUR PUBLIC FORUM W. A. DILL Editor and Manager - - . published Every Monday and Thursday, by the Pane County Pub lishing Association. v ItATES OF SUBSCRIPTION. . "One Year $1.60 Six Months - - .75 J Threo Months t,v."v Advertising Rates Furnished on Application. .60 -T. ' Xila Member of the State Editorial Association. . Member . of the Willamotto Valley Editorial Association. V v- . f'CA'nd Remember to Get a Stop-Over for Springfield. SPRINGFIELD, OREGON, MONDAY,. OCTOBER -1, 1915. WHY THE PANAMA FAIR SUCCEEDED The financial success of the Panama-Pacific exposition is a resiflt that was hardly anticipated, at least outside Califor nia. 'World's fairs have commonly been great producers of a deficit. Why did California make such a record breaking suc cess on the. .money side? Of course the European war turned a large tide of travel to the West. But it's a long ways to the Pacific coast from the great American centers of population. The business from the populous Atlantic states must have been for less than the great fairs in the Central stales secured. Every fair depends primarily on its home support, on the attendance of great crowds of people from within a radiusiof 500 miles. A great mass of these nearby people must attend and each pay a good many admissions, or any fair will go broke. The people of California always manifest an intense spirit of state loyalty. Their state is to them the land of romance, opportunity, friendliness, a true almo mater of the great school of life. They talk, think, write, dream California. They feel a spirit of loyalty to state enteiprises. In the East this is apt to be confined to one's own town, and is frequently not given even to that. Everyone in California who can acquire the price is see ing the fair. Many no doubt borrowed the money to do it. It was a matter of state pride. These pictures of beauty and achievement for one's mind are the heritage of a life time. , A state where that spirit exists can put out an unbelievable amount of money in a public enterprise. It all comes back and more too. State loyalty is a fine sentiment. It gets big things done. It spends freely, but it brings rich rewards. Albany Herald. WOOD BLOCK PAVING t: The Portland Telegram, performs a service by calling at tention to the fact that the city of Portland has already had some experience with wood block paving and that this exper ience has been quite satisfactory. It says: "Not generally is it known that in 1904 the city of Port land lair a wood block pavement in Salmon street from Front to Fifth. The blocks were four inches, were treated with GGO pounds of- carbolineum to the 1000 feet, and were laid on a sandy cushion on a concrete base. The cost, according to figures furnished iby Commissioner Dieck, was $1.50 per square yard. The contractor was required to maintain the pavement in first-class condition during a period of four years. So well put down was the pavement that the contractor was never called upon to spend any more money or labor upon it. "Nine years passed and the pavement needed no atten tion, but held up under the heavy hauling traffic of that sec tion. 'During the past two years,' says Mr. Dieck, 'the city has spent about 40, but I find no record of repairs previous to that date.' " Nine years without attention is a splendid record a re cord that is not equalled by Eugene's pavement, which has cost considerably more than $1.50 per yard. The property owners who are concerned in this piece of pavement certainly have no complaint to make. Yet, in spite of this splendid showing, which coincides with others all over the world, we presume the cities of Ore 'gon will go on paving their streets with asphalt, whose pro duction adds not a dollar to the wealth of this state, and ig noring the manifest advantages of wood blocks, whose pro duction vwould be of material assistance to the state's largest and most important industry. Paving petitions are usually looked after by the paving companies, and as long as this con tinues the claims of wood blocks will not get a hearing. It is a pity that at least a little interest cannot be stirred (uj) in this important subject. The lumber business is Oregon's greaest industry, and at the present time it is passing through a period of severe depression. This depression results from curtailed markets, and the curtailment of the market is due to a variety of causes. One of these is the rapidgrowth in the use of substitutes for lumber. If the cities of Oregon would do it thoy could help mater ially in opening up a new outlet for the product of the saw mills.. If even half of the paving that lias been laid ii this state in the last ten years had been of wood blocks the amount of lumber thus used would have been considerable, and be sides the use of wood block paving in Oregon would stimulate its use elsewhere. Thus a backfire would be set. out against the encrouclunent of. thflumber substitutes. Morning Reg-( ister., . , . - As one Springfield man said: "The very idea of sending cjear to the Island' of Trindad. for paving material when "we have better material here at home," E. P. Ripley On Relation of Raliroado and Pooplo Tho Industrial lcndora of this nation nro talking to tho public faro to faco through tho columns o this paper. Tho tlmo -was when It n corporation had anything to sny to tho pcoplo they sont a hired hand, whispered It through n lawyer or employed n lobbyist to explain It to tho legislature, but tho inoit who Know ami tho mon who do arc n6v talking over tho fenco to tho nan who plows. When tho leading business men of thin nation Rot "bnck to tho roll" with their problcsis, strlfo and dlsitou ston will disappear, for when mon look Into each othar'a faces nnd Btnllo thoro Is n bettor day coming, Mr. E. IV ltiploy, president of tho Santa Fo Ilullrond, when asked to bIvo his vlows In re'eronco to rotations existing botwoon tho railroad and tho public said In mt: "FroQucntly wo hear statements to tho effect that theso relations aro improving, that tho era of railroad baiting han passed and that publlo suntl uent now favors treating tho rallroRda fairly. As yot this chango In publlo sentiment, If any such thero bo, la not effective In results. "It Is true that In tho legislatures of tho southwestern states during tho paBt winter thcro were fewer unreasonable and unroasonliiK laws passed thu'a usual, but' a consideration of thu hostile bills Introduced shows that there Is still reason for much disquiet oven though thoy woro dcteatod by more or less of a majority. "Moreover, tho Idea that the railroads havo boon harshly treated dooa not seem to prevail In tho offices of thu Stato ltatlroad Commissions, which seem to cherish a notion that their business la not to net ns an arbitrator between thu railroads und tho pcoplo, but which proceed on tho theory that tho railroads aro able to tnko euro of themselves and thut their, duty Is to act ns attornoy for tho people even though In so doing they deny Justice to tho railroads. It requires no argument to demonstrate that tho railroads are entitled to Justice equally with other citizens and taxpayers. That thoy ! have not received It and nro not receiving It Is perfectly suscoptlblo of proof. That thoy havo practically no recourse In tho courts has nlso boon determined. "The situation thercforo Is that tho pooplo, through tholr representatives, ' must cieet wnemer ino servicos of tho railroads shall be adequately compen sated or not; and It requires no fortuno teller or soothsayer to predict that in tho long run tho service will take tho class that Is paid for and no bottor. "Tho natural competition between tho railroads and tho natural dcslro to perform llrst-clnss service has heretofore resulted In giving the public much more than It was willing to pay for. Continuation of this will ha imposslblo and no laws, howover drastic, can long accomplish tho Impossible." we Have a Will BoZ ; " in our Vault at The Frist National Bank of Springfield, and you are welcome to deposit your will in this strong box for safe keeping without cost. ESS SECURING WATER ON THE FARM . According tojlgures compiled' gon ,thjere. arp. already devplop by the,Governmetit, water pow-jed lBfi.lgjrjandtln.yashing. era. in'. ttie'BjSte of Oregon are.' fon.fl&pqq, .n.p;. , l . capable of ,,deVelbpIng,'3,GOO,000' During the fiscal year ertdlng H. P.,and iriithio.Stfetei ot WaBh- 'June 30, 1915, there were opened 05400,005 JL, PJCjre.-. tojintwjm&mtmtMMWlH No questions nro of greator Import ance to tho farm family than the farm's water supply and tho disposal of Its sowago. Tho prospective build er should nine certain that these prob lems arc solved beforo he does any thing else, for they He at the founda tion of tho entire household's health and comfort. Purity and abundance are the two essentials of water supply. Ordin arily, It has been calculated, each person on a farm will require 30 gal lons a day, each horse 10 tol3, each cow 10 to 14, each hog from 1 to 3 and each sheep 1 gallon. If ,greater quantities are obtainable, so much the better. Wells and springs arer the usual source of farm water. Both may eas ily be contaminated, and tho viplnlty should, therefore, be inspected for pos sible sources of pollution. In some cases typhoid fever epidemics hive been traced to springs which have become polluted through fissures in the rock strata. Contamination may also reach well water through unce mented Joints in tho masonry, and for this reason it is always well to cement the Joints for a considerable distance from the top. Surface Con tamination can bo guarded against by the erection of a suitable concrete curb. , i Once an abundance of pure water has been secured there Is no alnglo Improvement which will add so much to the comfort of the household as some mechanical system of maWing It readily available. Where tho supply is obtained from an elevation above tho house tho matter Is comparatively simple. A tank or reservoir can bo built and pipes run down from It, through which tho water will flow by gravity and from which It can "bo drawn at will. In the majority of cases, however, before the force of gravity can be utilized It will be neces sary to pump the water Into an elevat ed tank. Unless this Is In the houso Itself It Is likely to freeze during the severe weather and cause trouble. Of the various ways of elevating water the windmill is perhaps the most satisfactory In tho majority -of cases. Its first cost may seem rather high, but after It Is once erected It costs but little to operate and main tain., Cn tho other hand, a large storage tank Is a necessity as a pre caution against long periods of calm weather when no wind blows and the mill stands Idle. Water Rtored In, this way becomes warm in summer and in r inter.Ia often too cold to give to BtnnV, Tho storage difficulty does not exist when tho gasoline engine Is used, but tho engine has Its own drawbacks. Although It does not cost as much to install as a windmill, its operating cost Is considerably greater, depreciation Is more rapid, and expensive repairs are required more frequently. A.1'4 to 2 horsepower engine, hp.weyer, such as is generally used for pumping wat er, may bo used advantageously. for many other purposes on tho farm as J well. Air-cooled engines aro roconv ( mended when the pumping la Inter mittent, for they will not froozo In wlntor. When steady, uninterrupted work Is oxpected, and thero is, there fore, no danger of froeilng, water cooled engines aro to be preferrod, Tho pressure of pnoumntlc tank has tho great advantage of enabling mod ern bathrooms with good water pres sure to be located In nny part of tho premises. Tho tank also can bo put i In tho cellar and thus protected from (danger of freezing. Under this sys tem, water Is pumped In against air I pressure of from 40 to SO pounds a square Inch. Tho chief objection Is the Initial cost, which Is always high. Undor -favorable circumstances, in ram is an economical and convenient means of elevating water. Tho ram, however, Is not what In mechanical language Is known ns "efficient." and, In consequence thero must bo a largo surplus of water beforo It Is a feas ible device. Under this syBtem tho necessary power Is derived from tho downward flow of the water Itself, which Is so controlled that it cnablos tho ram to elevate a certain portion of It into n storago tank. Much is wast ed in the operation, however, Undor certain circumstances this may be par tially remedied by having the power furnished by the flow of other wuter. 1 On the ordinary farm, unless tho sewage Is disposed of proporJy, thoro Is danger that tho water supply may bo polluted. Where privies are In use, they should bo located so that no drainage from them can reach tho source of water supply, but thoy J Hiiouiu aiso oe reauiiy acccssinie. 'i no ultimate disposal of tho sowago may be accomplished in several ways. A common but dangerous practice Is to discharge) It Into a convenient stream. This may easily start a ty phoid eplmedle fnrthor down tho stream and should not bo encouraged. Surface Irrigation over tho land is bet ter, but here again care must bo tak en to prevent tho Infection of articles of food, such as lettuce, which aro I eaten raw, More satisfactory results are usually obtained from cesspools, 'and tho "leaching cesspool," In which tho sewage percolates gradually through porous material, has often proved successful. Such a cesnpool may, however, be exxtremoly danger ous If located In tho path of ground : water flowing toward -the well. Sep- The Best Groceries For Less Money The Fifth Street Grocery Thos. Sikes, Prop. Phone 22 OUR GROCERIES are famouB for quality and wo srvvo you money on what you buy here. We sell Dependable Coffetja, and Teas and everything elso Is dependable which wo sell. Nice & Miller Op Commercial State Hunk Phone 0 FIRST NATIONAL BANK, EUGENE, OREGON. Established 1883 Capital and Surplus - -- - - $300,000,00 Interests on Savings Accounts and Time Certificates of Oregon, upon Individual ap plications, 315 forest home steads, covering an area- of about. 29,0Qft. acres? and lr Na tional ForefltB of. . Washlncrtijn. Inhere were ,81 2 , forest lidme- flieau&.ppeneu to jenury, covering an area of 3,800 acre&i . . t, -V tic tunks also havo a numbor of Im portant advantages, but It Is usually desirable to uso filters in connection with them. Subsurfaco Irrigation is also common In connection with a septic tank. Water supply and sewago disposal aro most Important factors In the com fort of tho farm dwelling. Whero these permit, however, It Is desirable to havo tho arm houso stand In an open location facing tho southwest, so that sunlight may enter all of tho rooms during tho day. An abundanco of ventilation 1a a necessity, and In most sections of the country tho addi tion of sleeping porches will be found well worth while. The bedrooms should be large enough to allow, each person at least COO cubic feet of space, and preferably 1000. In. (he cpnfltm tlon of barns, It rany'be uddoll.iot less1 than 600 cubic feet should be allowed for jfach,. lOOO-ppund,,.. animal News Letter, ' O. R. Gullibn, M.D. Practice Limited tl Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat. Graduate Nurse Attending 306, White Temple, Eugene. Offlco Ninth and I't-nilMn. TclcplionoHUJ DR M. Y. SHAFFER, D.V.S. VETERINARY SURGEON AND DENTI8T Sulto 2. Phono 88S, EUGENIC, CUE Residence over Dodgo's Store The Springfield Garage H. SANDGATHE Proprietor Repairing a Specialty Main, bet Fourth and Fifth. Phono 11 SPRINGFIELD - OREGON J. H. BOWER Lawyer. Phono 1221 831 Willamette St. Eugene, Oregon Offlco In City Hall, Springfield, Ore. HERBERT E. WALKER NOTARY PUBLIC W. F. WALKER UNDERTAKER FUNERAL DIRECTOR Office Phone 02; Residence 67-J West Main St. Harness, Shoes, Gloves Harness and Shoes Repaired at The Harness Shop Commercial printing carefully See executed at tho News ry j i o r printing plant Howards ocorattaii 1 For Farm and City Property Exchanges a Specialty Springfield - Oregon Donald Young and phone ao L. L. Ray announce tho ' ' formation of tho law CAREFUL, CONSCIENTIOUS firm of Young & Ray, M i with" dfllceB over tho jfltl Tl C! T 'PTT Loan & Savings Bank, aiW hLJL UJalW wJL V 0Ernem&: f ' J J-E- Richmond ;V W PHONES-Offlce, 3 Residence, ?lie-J Over Commercial Bank,' . j Springfield, Oregon. 5