Southern Oregon miner. (Ashland, Or.) 1935-1946, June 21, 1951, Page 3, Image 3

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    PA G E T H R EE
S O U T H E R N O R E G O N N E W S REVIEW
T H U R S D A Y , JU N E 21, 1951
THE —
SEWING CIRCLE PATTERNS
/\
Graceful Style for Afternoons
Toddlers O utfit Simple to Sew
WASHINGTON
• Office of price admlnlotrntlon thl3 week re­
lieved, 03 predicted In thia column, thousands of
small Mziln Street bualnesa flrma of mountainous
bookkeeping Jobs. OPA relieved them of filing
Carp Can Be Fun
pricing charts undor Celling Price Regulation No.
Forgotten Man
C arp fishing, on lig h t tackle, can
7 and giving them option of remaining under gen­
be
an e xcitin g pastim e which sports­
OST HOUSEW IVES d o n 't re a l­
m en's groups and in d ivid u a l an­
eral celling price regulation of January 26.
ize It, but the honest meat
Legumes and Grasses Are glers would do well to Include in
CENSUS BUREAU REPORTS ON SMALL STORES
dealers are the forgotten men In the
th e ir plans fo r the 1951 season, says
big squabble over the price of beef
Recommended for Plan
0 Bureau of the census Issued re­
the O n ta rio D epartm ent of Lands
These wholesale and re ta il m eat
Feed the soil so It can feed the | and Forests.
port showing two-thlrds of all retail
men are caught between two of the
A t least tw o southern O ntario
stores in country, Including those In
most pow erful and vocul groups In grow ing crops, i f you want to get ’
clubs, at B ra n tfo rd and P o rt P e rry ,
high
yields
per
acre,
advises
Dr.
J
the nation—the organized meat
Main streets, are In a size group with
have done such a good Job in get­
packers and the angry, unorganized B. Peterson, Purdue U n ive rsity '
tin g m em bers interested in angling
agronom ist.
annual sales of loss than $50,000.
housewife.
Dr. Peterson says the best way ' fo r the fish th a t each spring they
There are 988,207 retail stores In this
Hundreds of these wholesalers and
to te ll w hat your soil needs Is to hold ‘ ‘derbies’ ’ in w hich prizes are
re
ta
ile
rs
have
been
taking
their
class with total combined sales of $20,430,607,-
given fo r the most carp and the
beating in silence because, If they study the land. Its management his­
la
rg e st taken.
000, or ubout 15.7 per cent of nation's total
tory,
its
past
cropping
program
and
I
protest, they fear th e y 'll be bla ck­
Those who have fished carp say
retail sales figure of $130,520,548,000.
Thero
balled by the big packers. And they then have the soil te ted. The soil ,
tests w ill te ll what fe rtiliz e r is ; th a t some of th e m —and they grow
have
good
reason
to
fear
the
pack
are 138,008 retail stores with sales lens than
b ig —“ w ill ba ttle like a m u skie ," if
ers’ w rath.
they are taken on a casting rod and
$5,000 annually; 131,386 with sales less than
Said one m eat w holesaler:
lig h t line. “ Even a 4-pounder,” j
$10,000; 245,952 with sales loss than $20,000 and
“ I f I com plain to the OPS, and
w rite s one carp-fishing addict, “ can
the packer* find nut about It,
200,052 with sales less than $30,000.
battle tor 20 minutes and s till have
I 'l l never be able to buy an­
lots o f pep le ft."
NEW WAGE POLICY LIKELY
other pound of meat. I'd have
F o r those who would like to take
Q Wago stabilization board may Institute new
to leave the m eat bunine*« and
up this carp-angling sport, and
become a wholesaler fo r vege­
pay formula.
Indications point to fact both or­
thereby help out the game fish, one
ta ria n s ."
of the P o rt P e rry group passes
ganized and unorganized workers will get new wage
Here is w hut the m eat m id d le ­
along the follow ing technique:
Increase Including salaried or white collar work-
men are up against:
“ Use a casting rod and re e l; a
ers, who can U3e this formuln for wage raises.
When the governm ent freeze was
line of 14 to 20 pound test and a No
4 or No. 6 hook w ith a single gut
EFFECT OF WAGE INCREASE MAY TRICKLE DOWN TO SMALL Imposed lust January, choice beef
In carload lots was selling fo r a top
A double-gutted hook allows the
TOWNS AND MAIN STREET BUSINESS FIRMS.
price of 53 cents a pound. Despite
carp to feel th a t it has something
COURT RULES ON FAIR TRADE LAW
the freeze, and In d ire c t violation of
in its m outh other than food and it
the governm ent's order, the price
w ill usually sp it i t out.
• As result of recent decision of U.S. Su­
of e xactly the same carload of beef
“ Fish on the bottom . When the
preme court, state fair trado lnws can be Ignored
Afternoon Dress
continued to mount. By A p ril the
carp takes hold of the bait allow it
keep
the
soil
w
ell
stocked
w
ith
a
by firms, either rotall or wholesale who have no
price had moved up to 57 cents, was
to run w ell as one would do in m in ­
charm ing afternoon d ress for
now fish in g fo r pike. This allows the
even quoted openly at this fig u re in well-balanced n u trie n t supply.
price maintenance contract with manufacturers.
the m atro n , well styled with
But Dr. Peterson points out that ca rp to sw allow the bait, then, as
the trade journals.
details th at are pleasing. Try it in
According to business experts here price cuts may
tilth and soil structure m ust be J the hook is set the battle is on . . .
a sm all all over print for sum m er
Grocer Gets Squeezed
good if the pla n t food is to do its believe me they can re a lly put up a
rosult in such lines a3 drugs, toilet goods,
with novelty buttons to trim .
This four-cent rise at the whole­ crop nourishing job. Crops can fig h t.”
liquors, home appliances and some foods and cloth­
• • •
sale level m eant about a 10-cent starve in the m id st uf plenty and
B ait, this same angler explains,
ings. Section 43 of CPR 19, recently l33ued by
rise per pound to the housewife—if fe rtiliz e r can’ be wasted it the soil's is a m ix tu re o f corn-m eal, com-
P a t t e r n N o. 1963 Is a ie w - r it e p e rfo ­
OPS, contains clause for uniform pricing of brand , the local grocer passed on the ille ­ stru ctu re is poor.
syrup and flo u r:
r a te d p a tte rn fo r sizes 34. 36 . 38. 40. 42.
gal
increase.
But
if
he
d
id
n
't
pass
"
F
ir
s
t
put
one
cup
of
w
ater
in
a
44. 46 . 48. 50. S ize 36. cap sleeves 4 3 /8
Poor soil stru ctu re shuts o ff d ra in ­
name products.
This may bo enforced under supreme
it on, he had to pocket the loss and age and ventilation. It keeps a ir basin, a cup of corn-syrup or sugar, y a rd s of 39-inch.
court decision.
OPS Issued a ruling that flrm3
thereby risked going bankrupt.
• • a
and w ater out. Crop roots ca n 't ! cook u n til the m ix tu re is a s tiff
M ore re ce n tly OPS has adopted a penetrate the tightly-com pacted soil paste. A llo w i t to cool u n til it can
which were signatories to fair trade practices un­
Send 25 cen ts to d a y fo r o u r S p rin g and
be handled, then place i t on a m ix ­
new p ric in g form ula, w hereby each to reach needed nutrients.
der state lavs and which were caught with lower
S u m m e r S T Y L IS T . I t c o n ta in s 48 pages
in g board, o r table, and w ork in o f s ty le , c o lo r, e as y to sew fro c k s ; s p e c ia l
cut of beef is given a specific price,
D r. Peterson says the best way j flo u r u n til it becomes a ve ry s tiff fe a tu re s ; g ift p a tte rn s p rin te d nsld e the
prices under the freeze, could raise prices to min­ and the price m ust be posted fo r the
oook.
to co rre ct soil compaction and re­ paste.
I
housewife's
Inspection
imum fair trade prices, despite OPS ceilings.
The
p
a
ir
damaged
structure
is
to
add
"W hen ready to fish take off a j
This new scheme is aimed at
court decision will have effect of nullifying this
showing up the price gouger and organic m a tte r. This can be done by piece that, when ro lle d into a b a l1, ' Rugged Wagon Can Be
decision If merchants so elect. ALREADY SOME OF
bringing an end to the black m ar- including w e ll-fe rtilize d legumes and w ill cover the hook. T his w ill stay .
Made From Few Scraps
! ket. B ut, to get around the law. ' grasses re g u la rly in the rotation and on the hook fo r some tim e. A sinker i
LARGER STORES IN COUNTRY HAVE ANNOUNCED PRICE
by re tu rn in g m anure and crop re si­ a t the end of the line is o p tio n a l."
some
packers—in
clu
d
in
g
some
of
CUTS, SOME AS MUCH AS 6 PER CENT.
dues to the soil. Legumes and ,
the biggest names in the industry
A A A
grasses do a two-way soil building
FARM MACHINERY STEEL SET ASIDE
1 —have now come up w ith a new
Job. T lie deep-probing taproots of How Fast?
• For hardware flrms-NPA has set aside steel ' w rin kle . T h e y're fo rcin g th e ir cus- , a lfa lfa and sweet clover do th e ir
tom ers to accept tie -in sales, to buy
How fa r and fa st does a hatchery I
for farm machinery and costs are expected to
soil-m ellow ing w ork in the heavy
unwanted cuts of m eat in o rd e r to
bass tra v e l a fte r release in fish in g
subsoils.
Fibrous-rooted
grasses
run 10 per cent higher than last year. Except
gpt the m ost salable cuts. One
waters? These and other in te re stin g
wholesaler, fo r exam ple, was re ­ such as brome or tim o th y open up data w ill be recorded at Lake Tex-
for newer types of machinery, farmers have
tough surface soil» and m ake them
cently forced to buy 4.000 pounds of
oma th is ye a r if anglers w ill co­
enough machinery to maintain high production.
h ig h ly
perishable sausage he g ra n u la r and porous.
operate
at the state’ s biggest lake
Smaller hardware will come In cheaper materials.
couldn't possibly sell. Nevertheless
on the southern edge of Oklahoma.
the packer required h im to buy the
Metal products for farm construction and main­
E ig h t hundred largem outh black
Good Pasture Cuts Milk,
sausage before he could purchase a
bass, released last F e b ru a ry fro m
tenance may be In shorter supply.
single carload of beef.
Beef Production Costs
the state hatchery near D urant,
• For all business firms— Bags, paper
Net result of this price goug­
Since the tim e when m an firs t were m a rke d w ith sm a ll m etal fin -
packaging and paper board products will ba in
ing by the meat packers is an
began cu ltiva tio n of the earth, grow ­ clips, num bered fo r fu tu re id e n tifi­
This Is A Rugged Wagon
in to le ra b le
squeese
on
the
extremely short supply. These Items already are
ing grass fo r pasture and hay has cation. To date m ore than tw enty
T
is
easy to m ake too! Use rub­
caught
by
fisherm
en
have
been
re
­
w holesaler and re ta ile r.
been one of his m a jo r projects.
being allocated in many Instances. As wa3 pointed
ber-tired disk wheels for a po­
Only in recent years, however, have i ported to the state game and fish
out in thl3 letter above, paper and paper board
Friend of Big Business
fa rm e rs learned the im portance of ! departm ent, according to H. C. tential soap-box derby winner. Or
GOP Congressman Kenneth Keat­ pasture as a way of cu ttin g m ilk ■ W ard, head o f the departm ent's m ake it entirely of scraps picked
products have been removed from the MHO lists.
M
Organic Matter Vital
To Soil Building Plan
A
»
I
I'r r i.ir r il
Its
(h r
W
K u ir .iu
,,f
\$ \(
| r .ilu r r s
ARMfD JEW/CEi
QUESTION BOX
{Send your questions about the
armed fonei or any aspect o) military
service to. Walter Shtad, Armed Serv­
ices Question Box, 1057 National Press
Building, Washington, D. C. An­
swers will be given in this column.)
L IG IB L E women college gradu­
ate» now m ay apply fo r active
duty commissions up to and in clu d ­
ing the grade o f captain in the WAC
section of the volunteer reserve.
Applicants m ust have a baccalau­
reate degree from an accredited col­
lege or u n ive rsity, m ust be citizens,
have no dependents under 18, and
pass the a rm y physical.
• • •
E
t
The A m erican H elicopter Com­
pany has been given a contract to
build a collapsible, lig h t weight, jet-
powered helicopter, as yet un­
named, fo r the a rm y. Two men can
collapse it and load it aboard a
Jeep. It operates on o rd in a ry arm y
vehicle fuel and ca rrie s a p ilo t and
ta ctica l radio.
• • •
E lig ib le veterans who served in
the arm ed forces since s ta rt of the
Korean cam paign may apply a fte r
discharge fo r the new post-service
term insurance provided by the In ­
surance A ct of 1951. No medical
exam is required. Veterans who
have served in excess of 30 days
since June 27, 1950, and who have
served any pluce in the w orld w ill
m eet the e lig ib ility test if they ap­
ply in w ritin g to VA w ithin 120 days
a fte r separation.
• • •
Ç). / am an on-the-job trainee
under the C l bill. I understand
that next fall I w ill be required Io
take a supplemental correspond-
ence course along with my job
training. May I do so despite the
la d the cut-oil date, July 25, m il
bat e passed? J. L. T „ Mendon, ,
Illinois.
A Yes, so long as the correspond­
ence course is considered as an in ­
tegral p a rt of your on-the-job tra in ­
ing course.
(?. / completed pre-medical
training under the G l bill, but I
won t be able to get into medical
school by the July 25 cut-oil date.
What must I do in order to be ad­
mitted alter that date? F. F. L ,
Bloomington, Indiana.
A. You m ust provide VA w ith e v i­
dence you applied fo r admission to
m edical school each year a fte r you
finished your pre-m edical tra in in g
It so. VA w ill consider your tra in in g
in te rru p te d fo r a reason beyond
yo u r control and w ill p e rm it you to
go ahead w ith yo u r professional
tra in in g whenever a school has
room fo r you even though th a t hap­
pens to be a fte r the Ju ly 25 cut-off
date.
(?• I expect to receive my AB
degree in the spring of 1951 —
after the July 25 cut-oil dale.
May I continue with graduate
work in the same field in the fall?
A. S. G„ Van Wert, Ohio.
A. Yes. But you m ust apply
VA
fo r a supplem ental c e rtific a te of
e lig ib ility some tim e before you re ­
ceive yo u r undergraduate degree.
Q. What is the final date for
application for terminal leave in
World War II? F. K. B„ Boise.
Idaho.
t
A. June 30, 1951, is the fin a l date
fo r te rm in a l leave pay applications
M arine Corps Releasing Reservists
The m arine corps is releasing its
active duty reservists. Those as­
signed p rio r to August 1, 1950, nnd
who q u a lify ns veterans, 26 years
or older before Ju ly 1, 1951, w ill be
released d u rin g period June 11 to
30, the departm ent of defense re ­
ported recently.
• • •
A
Under a new ru lin g dependent
parents w ill receive only a portion
of the Class Q allo tm e n t represent­
ing the deduction fro m the soldier’ s
«
pay, u n til a complete investigation
can be made of th e ir dependency
on the soldier. After dependency is
established the fu ll am ount w ill be
paid the parents. In addition the
parents w ill receive a check repre­
senting the amount of each month
the quarters allowance was w ith ­
held during com pletion of the in ­
vestigation. Parents m ust be m ore
than 50 per cent dependent for liv
ing expenses in o rder to receive a
Class Q allotm ent.
ing of New Y o rk has em erged as
the newest congressional cham pion
of big business.
K e a tin g 's
d is tric t,
Rochester,
N .Y ., is a long way fro m C a lifo rn ia ;
yet it was he who pulled chestnuts
out of the fire fo r P a c ific Gas and
E le c tric in C a lifo rn ia and sponsored
the am endm ent k illin g urgently
needed governm ent power lines.
Colleagues who wondered w hat
the Rochester. N .Y ., R epublican
was doing m eddling in C a lifo rn ia
a ffa irs also were astonished when
he popped up as sponsor of another
p ro je c t of the big-business lobbies
—aimed at c rip p lin g the a n titru s t
laws.
His amendm ent w ould undecut a
plan proposed by another R epubli­
can, H e rb e rt Hoover, who, when
President, urged th a t the C layton
a n ti-tru s t act be strengthened in o r­
der to prevent the acquisition of
“ assets'* such as fa cto rie s and
equipm ent in m ergers th a t created
u n fa ir tra d e com petition.
Presidents Roosevelt and T rum an
both followed up H oover's recom ­
m endation and fin a lly this im p o r­
ta n t addition to the C layton a n ti­
tru s t law was passed by congress
last December, One of those who
voted fo r it was Rep. K eating of
New York.
However, when It came tim e
to a ppropriate funds by which
the federal trade com m ission
could put the new law into op­
eration, K eating had a m y s te ri­
ous change of heart.
He c a lm ly rose on the house floor
nnd sabotaged the m easure he had
once championed by o ffe rin g an
am endm ent canceling $245.000 of
enforcem ent funds needed by the
trade comm ission. The amendm ent
c a rrie d by a vote of 73 to 49. And
since a law is no good w ithout funds
to enforce it, the law K eating o rig i­
n a lly voted fo r now becomes ju s t so
much p rin te d paper.
Sm all Airlines
M ild-m annered Sen. John S park­
man of A labam a, the conscientious
ch a irm a n of the sm all business
com m ittee, is burned up over pres­
sure fro m the c iv il aeronautics
board to suppress a report la m ­
basting the m a jo r airlines.
M ysteriously, a copy of this re­
p o rt disappeared fro m the c o m m it­
tee offices and was seen by a ir ­
lines, though m arked "co n fid e n tia l. ’
The re p o rt c ritic iz e d the C A B ’ s
order closing down the independent,
nonscheduled a irlin e s on June 5.
and beef production costs. I t is be- [ fisheries division.
com ing one of the fa rm e rs m ain
A
money crops.
According to departm ent of a g ri­
cu ltu re reports, about tw o-thirds of
the nation’ s land is now in grass.
And some fa rm experts believe a 25
per cent increase in the acreage is
ju s tifie d fo r a more e ffic ie n t type
of a g ricu ltu re even though greater
crop production has been demanded
of the nation's farm s.
W ith the nation dem anding a
g reater production of beef, the fa rm ­
er who has a good grass program
w ill make m ore p ro fit per acre in
the com ing year than was a n tici­
pated in 1950.
Soil Testing
' An accurate and inexpensive
soil testing k it, w h lrh m ay be
obtained from local garden sup­
ply or hardw are stores is now
on the m arket. The k it contains
a ll the solutions needed to make
tests fo r nitrogen, phosphorous
and potash. The kits come w ith
com plete easy-to-understand In­
structions and m ay prove of
great value to home gardeners.
Spring Is Time to Check
All First-Aid Supplies
“ Be ready w ith gause and first-
aid remedies, Mother, lest you're
caught napping in an em ergency."
is the advice of Miss M a rg u e ritte
B riggs, fa m ily life specialist, at the
U n ive rsity o f Illin o is.
Miss B riggs suggests th a t now is
the tim e to check first-a id supplies,
replace antiseptics and salves that
have lost th e ir strength, and re­
plenish tape and bandages to take
care of the sum m er accidents.
up around the home workshop
P attern 215 is com plete with illus­
trate d directions. P rice of pattern
is 25c.
A
Redear Sunfish
S taff biologists of the West V ir-
g in ia
conservation
com m ission's
d ivision of fish m anagem ent recent­
ly became aw are of a “ strange”
sunfish in Lake Chaweva, near
C harleston.
Some anglers wondered w hat the
fish m ig h t be. Technicians of the
Com m ission id e n tifie d it as a Lepo-
m is m icrolophus, or the western
she llcra cke r (now called the red­
• ear sunfish).
This species of sunfish, closely
related to the pumpkinseed sunfish,
has never been found in West V ir ­
ginia waters. Undoubtedly it has
been introduced into Lake Chaweva
fro m m idw estern state areas.
The fish has a general shape
m ore like a crappie than the typ ica l
b lu e g ill, o r other sunfish species.
Its pectoral fin is ve ry long and
pointed. The o p e rcular fla p has a
b rig h t orange, or red at tim es,
band on the m a rg in . The m a xim u m
size this fish attains is about 12
inches; however, in crowded lake
conditions it generally doesn't get
m uch longer than seven inches.
The redear has not been collected
elsewhere in West V irg in ia than
Lake Chaweva. I t is believed, how­
ever, th a t it has undoubtedly es­
caped fro m the lake and m ay be
found in some of the Kanawha
R ive r drainage stream s. This spe­
cies is generally found only in the
M ississippi R ive r in M isso u ri and
fro m southern Indiana, south to
A labam a and the R io Grande. It
has been found in Lake M ich ig a n
drainage fro m Indiana. The fish
is com m only found in o r near large,
w a rm rive rs, bayous and lakes. It
is found in Buckeye Lake, near Co­
lumbus, Ohio; and in a few other
lakes in the State o f Ohio.
A A A
Deep Bear Den
A bear den 35 feet deep yet 25
feet above ground has been dis­
covered in the O ttaw a N ational F o r­
est. As reported by D is tric t R anger
H a rry M atthew s of Kenton, Hough­
ton County, the den was found in a
60-foot w hite pine stub.
Top of the tree had been broken
off, so it was m arked fo r cutting.
When felled, a m other bear and last
y e a r’ s cub craw led out of the top
of the tru n k and scampered o ff to
freedom.
J
W O R K SH O P P A T T E R N S E R V IC E
-
D r a w e r 10
f B ed ford H ills, N ew f o r k .
'
51y G osh!
An absent-m inded grocer called
on his old friend, the fam ily doc­
tor, one evening. They chatted for
a couple of hours, and as the gro­
ce r rose to go, the doctor asked
"F a m ily all well, I suppose?”
“ Good h eav en s!” exclaim ed his
visitor, “ th a t rem inds m e. My
wife’s having a fit.”
[
Sure Cure
“ Good m orning, M rs. K elly,”
said the doctor, “ did you tak e your
husband’s te m p eratu re, as I told
you?”
“ Yes, Doctor, I borrowed a
b aro m eter and placed it on his
ch est; it said ‘very d ry ,’ so 1
bought him a pint o’ beer an ’ h e ’s
gone back to w ork."
Complete Outfit
C*OR the sm aller m em bers of the
fam ily—a c o m p l e t e outfit
th a t’s such fun to sew. Dress and
undies for sister, a sim ple rom per
for brother th at takes a m inim um
of fabric.
•
•
•
P a tte r n N o. 8416 is a s e w -rlte p e rfo ­
ra te d p a tte rn fo r sizes 6 m onths, 1. 2. 3,
4 y e a rs . Size 1, dress, m
y a rd s of 39-
in c h ; s lip and p a n tie s . 1 3 /4 v a rd s ; ro m p ­
e r. 7 /8 y a rd
SE W IN G C IRCLE P A T T E R N D E F T .
M7 W est A Jaaas S t.. CRIeago • , 111.
Enclo se 3Oc in coin fo r each p a t­
te rn . A dd 5c for 1st C lass M a il if
d e s ire d .
P a tte r n N o ............................. S iz e ...........
Nam e
iP le a s e
P r in t)
S tr e e t A d dress or P .O . B ox N o.
C ity
S U te
He Would To<^
The instructor in the M edical
College exhibited a diagram .
“ The subject here lim ps,” he
explained, "b ecau se one ieg is
sh o rter than the o th e r.”
He then turned to one of the
students, and addressed him ;
“ Now, Mr. Sneed, w hat would
you do in such a c a se ? ”
Young Sneed pondered ea rn est­
ly and replied with conviction:
“ I have an idea, sir, th at J
should limp, too."
RID YOUR HOME of
INSECTS
Press the button sod the
handy dispensei ejects
a cloud o f aerosol fog
which kills dies, mosqui­
toes. roaches, ants, bed
bugs, moths and silver
fish Leaves no unpleas­
ant odor and is harm­
less to humans and pets
when used as directed.
Sold at drug, hardware
and farm supply stores.
TOBACCO BY-PRODUCTS * CHEMICAl
CORPORATION . RICHMONO VIRGINIA
AaoQSOi
lHSECí
EASY I N o dull required
Handles like putty
. . . and hardens
into wood.
RESET
LOOSE
HANDLES
with
On electric fans, lawn mowers
roller skates3 -IN*ONE Oil
WHAT IS INFLATION?
supply of
goods get
these few
more and
When there’s a greater
money than of goods— that's inflation. I t happens when
scarce, and you and your neighbors compete unfairly for
goods. Then prices grow and grow— until the prices of
more things are bigger than you can afford to pay.
HOW TO CUT D O W N THIS DANGER.
Help hold
the line on prices and wages. Buy only for current needs. Save in
every way. Buy U . S. Defense Bonds. Strive for still more efficient
production. Support moves to cut non-essential government spend-
ng. I t will take all 150 million of us to lick inflation.