Southern Oregon News Review, Thursday, February 13. 1947
T o u c h -T y p e w ritin g
S e lf-T a u g h t a t H o m e
New Legislative Setup Is Effective
he
cd i
u
Congress Putting Its
Reorganization to Test
By B A U K H A G E
r
REDS M A Y HAVE A-BOMB
W ASHINGTON. — It took b re a th
ta kin g Bob Gros of C a lifo rn ia to do
w hat no d ip lo m a t o r newsman so
fu r has done re g a rd in g the A-bomb
and Russia. He got a h in t fro m Sb-
v ie t Am bassador N ovikov th a t Rus
sia has e ith e r the M C f* t Bf ,|ic
A-bom b o r on adequate defense
against It.
Gros, a C a lifo rn ia le ctu re r who
an n u a lly Interview s m ore W ashing
ton bigw igs in 24 hours than the
average newsman does in one week,
called on Ambassador N ovikov the
other duy and at the end o f his
In te rvie w asked: "D o you have any
th in g you wish to say to the A m e ri
can people?”
*
N r u j .S m h tl en d ( o in m tu ljla r.
tend the life o f these two "s p e c ia ls "
—and they won.
B ut so m uch attention was d ire c t
W ASHINGTON. - The 80th con ed tow ard the issue th a t Senator
gress has been o p e ra tin g long T a ft hastened to m ake It clear
enough under the new reorganiza la te r that creation of fu rth e r spe
tion plan to note some o f the la t c ia l com m ittees w ould be a ve ry
te r's v irtu e s and d iffic u lt job. Net re su lt o f the whole
discussion was to strengthen ra th e r
R
JflMRRÏu
s h o r tc o m in g s .
I The firs t h o tly than weaken the reorganization.
One of the most im p o rta n t steps
debated issue in
the senate had a tow ard increasing e fficiency of con
gress was e lim in a tio n of o ve rla p
fo rtu n a te
effect
ping com m ittees but, lik e a tte m p t
on the plan. I
re fe r to the fight ing to abolish the s e n io rity rule, it
over re te n tio n of ju s t co u ld n't be accomplished. As a
tw o o f the stand m a tte r of fact, when the b ill
fin a lly was passed, the house re je c t
ing
com m ittees
— the
c o m m it ed the senate-approved provision
tees on w a r in w hich did away e n tire ly w ith spe
c ia l com m ittees. I t was a dm itted at
vestigation
and
sm all
business. the tim e the reorganization act
was passed that it fe ll considerably
Despite the fa ct
short o f the o rig in a l recom m enda
th
a
t
the
80th
con
Raukhage
gress
had
ex tions by the various bodies w hich
pressed the intention to abide by the had made u n o fficia l studies of the
situation. Indeed, the act did not
reorganization plan accepted by the
c a rry out a ll the recom m endations
79th congress, and th a t one of the
of the re p o rt of the jo in t congres
purposes o f this plan was to e lim sional com m ittee created to ex
in a te the special com m ittee, the sen am ine
various
recom m endations
ate Republicans fought hard to ex- and then to m ake its own.
WNU Service, 1616 Eye Street. N. W.,
Washington, I). C.
Experts To Advise Solons
George B G allow ay, s ta ff d ire c
to r of the Monroney - L a F o lle tte
congressional com m ittee w hich drew
up the reorganization legislation, re
cently proposed seven new fields of
congressional re fo rm :
JVEW S REVIEW
I ’ackers Equalize Wages;
U.S. Withd raws C liina Aid
Pay Equality
Announcem ent by the dep a rtm e n t
of labor that a special com m ission
had sim p lifie d jo b classifications
and ironed out rate inequities in
the B ig F iv e packing plants pointed
up the g ro w in g acceptance of the
p rin c ip le of equal pay fo r equal w ork
in U. S in d u stry.
C onsisting of representatives of
the public, governm ent, in d u stry and
labor, the com m ission cleaned up
differences between S w ift, Wilson,
Cudahy. A rm o u r and M o rre ll and
the A F L , CIO and independent un
ions over ra te inequalities. The com
panies and unions had agreed on
conditions fo r 90,000 jobs in collec
tiv e b a rg a in in g procedure, and the
com m ission acted on the re m a in in g
10,000 jobs.
The num ber of la b o r grades c a r
ry in g v a ry in g pay rates was cut
fro m 250 to 25 under the negotiations
and wage boosts a ve raging 1.8 cents
an hour were awarded to a p p ro xi
m a te ly 75,000 w orkers to iro n out
in equalities.
In general, packing
house employees doing the w o rk in
the same geographical area now
d ra w equal pay.
P reviously, the C IO -U nited Steel
W orkers and U. S. Steel corporation
had ironed out wage in e q ua litie s fo r
175,000 employees. R e tro a ctive to
Ja nuary 4, 1944, the cost of re a d ju st
m e n t was estim ated a t 30 m illio n
do lla rs, w ith m any w o rke rs re ce iv
ing the e quivalent of a 1V4 cent an
hour wage increase.
CONGRESS:
Retain Luxury Levies
Bent on trim m in g incom e taxes,
the Republican congress moved to
preserve other sources of revenue to
c a rry the huge 1947-48 budget and
reduce debt by e xtending w a rtim e
rates on lu x u ry item s.
As a result, taxes on liq u o r were
scheduled to re m a in at $9 a p roof
gallon: 20 per cent on fu rs, luggage,
je w e lry and to ile t p re p a ratio n s; 1
cent fo r each 5 cents charged on
theater adm issions: $8 a b a rre l on
beer; 25 per cent on long distance
telephone calls and 15 per cent on
local service; 15 per cent on tra n s
portation, and 20 per cent on lig h t
bulbs and tubes.
M eanwhile, R epublican ranks were
s p lit on the proposal of C hairm an
Knutson (Rep., M in n .) of the house
w ays and means co m m itte e to re
duce incom e taxes 20 per cent on
earnings up ,0 $300,000 Increasing
fa v o r was shown fo r the sugges
tion of R epresentative Engel (R e p ,
M ich .) th a t exem ptions be increased
to cut the taxes o f low incom e
groups ra th e r than o ffe rin g broad re
lie f w hich m ig h t chiefly benefit the
upper brackets.
D e cla rin g there are n e a rly 86
m illio n people dependent on in d iv id
ual o r fa m ily incom e of $2,500 or
less a ye a r, Engel said th a t K n u t
son's b ill would result in a tax cut
of only 72 cents a week fo r a man
earning th a t m uch o r less. On the
o ther hand, a person d ra w in g $300,-
000 a ye a r would gain $942 a week.
" I f the K nutson b ill is passed,” E n
gel said, “ it w ill place into the hands
CHINA:
o f the D e m o cra tic p a rty the m ost ef
fe ctive cam paign arg u m e nt any p a r
D ip lo m a tic eyes turned anxiously ty can have; an a rgum ent w hich w ill
to the O rie n t fo llo w in g the U. S. de appeal to 86 m illio n people in the
cision to abandon its peace-m aking I low incom e group
in China and w ith d ra w m ost o f the
FREIGHT:
12,000 m arines on d u ty there.
Concern was expressed lest U. S.
w ith d ra w a l w ould in v ite Russian in
F o r the fifth tim e in three years.
te rve n tio n in China on behalf o f the Senator Reed (Rep., Kas.) acted to
Chinese C om m unists.
W hile Sec a lle via te the shortage of box cars
re ta ry of State M a rs h a ll had d ili in the West caused by the reten
g ently sought to b rin g the N a tio n a l tion of ro llin g stock in the East by
ists and Reds together d u rin g his seaboard ra ilro a d s.
special peace m ission, the U. S. had
As elevators and m ille rs clam ored
proceeded on the assum ption that fo r cars to m ove g ra in stacked in
the N a tio n a lists constituted the legal the West, Reed threatened to d ra w
governm ent. In supporting the N a up perm anent le g isla tio n to re lie ve
tio n a lists, the U. S. has advanced an w hat has developed into a perennial
estim ated
to 3 b illio n d o lla rs of p roblem in recent years. On p re
lend-lease, and also p rovided tech vious occasions, the ra ilro a d s s h ift
nicians fo r tra in in g th e ir m ilita r y ed cars west upon Reed’ s demands.
forces.
The shortage o f ro llin g stock re
Since the U. S. pulled out of China su ltin g fro m inadequate additions
w ith o u t m a k in g any s tra te g ic a r d u rin g the w a r years has figured in
rangem ents, the Russians m a in ta in the scram ble fo r cars between E ast
a d is tin c t advantage in view o f th e ir and West. Once cars ro ll In fro m
h a lf-in te re s t in the M a n ch u ria n r a il the West w ith a g ric u ltu ra l products,
road and th e ir jo in t co n tro l o f P o rt eastern ra ilro a d s have sought to
A rth u r and D airen. Russia's s tra hold onto them as long as possible
tegic position thus leaves Moscow fo r shipm ent of in d u s tria l goods to
in a key position i f i t wishes to sup seaboard points. Because the r a il
p ly Chinese C om m unists entrenched roads also are loath to send the cars
in the n o rth or a c tu a lly intervene back em pty, valuable tim e is lost
on the p re te x t of s ta b ilizin g condi- by shunting them w estw ard w ith
• tions in the O rient.
short loads.
V. S. Out
1. Avoid leg isla tio n deadlocks
and prom ote better team w ork
between congress and the Pres
ident.
Haul More Cars
2. Create unified, c le a rly lo
cated, responsible leadership in
congress fo r the le g isla tive pro
gram.
3. Reduce the non-legislative
w ork load on congress so as to
free congressmen fro m errand
ru n n in g and p e rm it them to con
centrate upon th e ir le g isla tive
duties.
4. Choose com m ittee c h a ir
men other than on the basis of
se n io rity.
5. E lim in a te the filib u s te r in
the senate.
6. Solve the problem of the
powers and procedure of the
house com m ittee on rules.
7. E stablish adequate safe
guards against extension of the
patronage system to the new
professional com m ittee staffs.
FOLLOW 0 1 .0 ADAGE . . . Believing In the old adage about the way
to a man's heart. 16 Chicago w ar brides are learning to cook "the
American way” in a Ited Cross nutrition class. Their No. I request
is to learn to bake apple pie. W ar brides front Scotland, England and
Egypt are shown above with a Ited Cross instructor.
LABOR:
P ro b a b ly
the most im p o rta n t
The staffing, however, that has
change yet to be made is to p ro vid e been done is invaluable. Now fo r
a d d itio n a l help fo r m em bers. That the firs t tim e there w ill be experts
is, p ro vid in g ad d ition a l experts to instead of a new inexperienced set
advise co m m itte e ch a irm e n and brought in w ith each chairm an.
com m itteem en. I re ce n tly heard it M ore are needed.
re m a rke d th a t: "S enator T a ft usual
Some phases of the reorganiza
ly knows w hat he is ta lk in g about
tion plan p robably w ill prove im
when he takes the floor. You m ay
p ra c tic a l. One of its objectives was
not agree w ith his policies but when
to reduce the num ber o f measures
it comes to facts he seldom makes
passed by unanim ous consent. This
erroneous o r m isleading statem ents
was recom mended because frequent
This is la rg e ly because T a ft has the
ly im p o rta n t le g isla tio n was adopted
best sta ff of advisers in congress
in th is m anner w ith only a sm all
—he hires and pays fo r them out
num ber of senators on the floor.
of his own pocket.”
The ro ll is not called — m e re ly
I t is im possible to expect that
(. "no o b jections.” V arious steps were
m ore than a few m em bers of e ith e r
taken to check th is custom but
house can devote enough tim e to
there is a hum an elem ent involved
any single subject to become expert
that has to be taken into considera
on it. It is tru e th a t we have had
tion.
some outstanding exam ples of men
One th in g w hich helps attendance
and women who have been able to
specialize and s till c a rry on th e ir considerably is the reduction of the
other duties. F or exam ple: Senator num ber of com m ittees upon w hich
George on finance and M rs. Rogers a senator serves. This gives h im
on veterans’ a ffa irs, to name two tim e to p a rtic ip a te in debate.
w id e ly d iffe re n t fields.
I t is not im probable th a t the fili-
I t is n a tu ra l th a t m ost congress- buster w ill be cu rta ile d , perhaps
men got into p o litics by way of the this session, i f not e n tire ly ru le d out. |
legal profession, w hich is a good But there never w ill be "a lim it to
basic tra in in g , but today, when debate” and “ debate" easily can be I
m any of the most im p o rta n t issues come la rg e ly a monologue when
addressed to few hearers except a
are economic ra th e r than p o litica l,
no professional tra in in g is in its e lf p a tie n t v is ito r or tw o in the g a l
broad enough.
lery.
More Reforms Recommended
Gideon E . M e ttle r, w earing a
fatigue cap and fo n d lin g m ilo
maize, cleaned up $40,000—
$20,000 fo r h im s e lf and $20,000
fo r his fa th e r—on 240 acres of
irrig a te d land near M cF a rla n d ,
C a lif., in his firs t year out of the
a rm y.
- J7 ........ ’
’ J.. X« “ *”• ’’"
.1.» 1
. ' M S ON
I t w ill be a long tim e before all
these
suggestions
are
adopted.
M eanw hile some of those already
in the la w w ill be m odified s lig h tly
in use, ju s t as an autom obile o r ship
"shakes down”
a fte r a ce rta in
am ount
of
m ileage
has
been
achieved.
One th in g th a t s im p ly won’ t w ork
now and p robably never w ill in the
senate, at least, is the p rin tin g of
the schedule of the next d a y’ s w ork
in advance. There is too m uch fre e
W ASH IN G TO N.—M e a t production in 1947 m a y set a new re cord and oth e r hand, prices of lower-grade
dom of action, too m uch deeply in- this year w ill a p p ro xim a te 23 b illio n is lik e ly to be la rg e in 1948 and fed ca ttle and stocker and feeder
rooted senatorial courtesy to p re pounds, p ro v id in g 150 pounds fo r possibly 1949. B u t la m b and m utton, ca ttle p ro b a b ly w ill continue re la
ve n t a senator fro m obta in in g each c iv ilia n a fte r a llo w in g fo r m ili w hich u su a lly a cc o u n t-fo r less than tiv e ly high, re fle ctin g seasonally
“ unanim ous consent” to lay aside ta ry requirem ents and exports, ac 5 per cent o f to ta l m e a t supplies, sm a ll supplies.
w hat was planned and introduce an cording to a d e p a rtm e n t of a g ric u l are lik e ly to be s m a lle r th is year
The d e p a rtm e n t said hog prices
e n tire ly d iffe re n t m a tte r.
than la s t year.
are expected to re m a in near present
tu re prediction.
P ork production w ill not be g re a t high levels in the spring and sum
The estim ate compares w ith a
B u t th is is a s m a ll point. I t is
agreed th a t the advantages out 1946 production of . 21,900,000.000 i ly d iffe re n t fro m la st year, the de m er, as m a rke tin g s w ill decline
weigh the m in o r disadvantages. pounds, or a per capita c iv ilia n sup p a rtm e n t said. I t predicted, how m ore than seasonally.
M e a t purchases by the arm ed
The staffing alone even though not p ly of 145 pounds. Average output ever, an increase in the 12-month
forces and o ther w a r agencies last
c a rrie d out to the fu ll is a tre fo r the 1937-41 period was 18 b illio n period beginning O ctober 1.
The d e p a rtm e n t said prices o f fed y e a r w ere estim ated a t about 870,-
mendous gain. E x p e rt guidance of pounds w hile highest production on
specialists who know th e ir jobs i record was set in 1944 w ith 24,700,- beef cattle, especially top grades, , 000,000 pounds com pared w ith 3,600,-
are expected to decline somewhat 000,000 in 1945 and a peak of 4,200,-
and are not subject to p o litic a l in 000,000 pounds.
te rfe re n ce is in va lu a b le .
1 The dep a rtm e n t said beef output , fro m e a rly Ja n u a ry levels. On the | 000,000 in 1944.
BIGGER BURGERS
Increase Seen in Meat Output
“ Yes," replied the am bassa
dor. "Y o u A m ericana should not
re ly too m uch on the A-bomb.
Against France, Ita ly , G er
m any, yes. Itu t against Russia,
No. You should not depend
on It.“
"T h a t. M r. A m bassador." sug
gested Gros, "sounds ns If the Rus
sians have developed a defense
against the A-bom b.”
" Y e s ." replied Am bassador N o vi
kov, "th is and more. I do not wish
to say anything fu rth te r.”
This significant statem ent ended
the Interview .
• • •
M O RE WOMEN IN G O V E R N M E N T
President T ru m a n 's fa ilu re to ap
point m ore women to high office
was ta c tfu lly la id before the P re si
dent by u group of women.
M rs. La F elle D ickinson, p re si
dent of the G eneral F ederation of
Women's Clubs, headed the delega
tio n and to ld M r. T ru m a n quite
fra n k ly th a t women generally were
d istu rb e d because he h a d n 't ap
pointed us m any women to govern
m ent jobs as M r. Roosevelt had.
She rem inded the P resident that
the state departm ent had b u ilt up a
ro ste r of 80 w ell-know n A m erican
women capable of handling im p o r
ta n t governm ent w ork and urged
h im to b rin g the lis t up to date.
D r. K a th e rin e M cH ale of the As
sociation o f U n iv e rs ity Women, was
equally strong in u rg in g appoint
m ent o f m ore women to g o ve rn
ment,
M r. T ru m a n replied that he would
like to appoint m ore women to jobs
but it was d iffic u lt to get tho rig h t
person fo r the rig h t job.
“ I w atched P resident Roose
v e lt w ork fo r a long tim e ," T ru
man continued. “ I knew then,
but d id n 't realize fu lly , ju s t how
large a portion of the P resi
d ent’s tim e was taken In fin d
ing the rig h t people fo r the
rig h t jo b . I w ant you to know
th a t nobody makes m y appoint
m ents fo r me. I m ake them on
the basis of m y own ju d g m e n t.”
Mrs. D ickinson stro n g ly urged ap
p o in tm e n t of a w om an to the e xist
ing vacancy on the Federal C om
m un ica tio n s com m ission, but d id n 't
suggest any names. The w om en's
club leader pointed out th a t women
m ake up the o ve rw h e lm in g m a jo r
ity o f d a y tim e ra d io listeners, yet
had no representation whatsoever
on the FCC.
M rs. D ickinson also proposed th a t
a wom an be named assistant secre
ta ry of state, because of the enor
mous in te re st and g re a t stake th a t
the women o f the co u n try have in
keeping the peace. M r. T ru m a n
said the suggestion was in te re stin g
• • •
NO L A M E -D U C K JOBS
H ere's some bad news fo r Dem o
c ra tic congressm en and senators de
feated in the last election who have
been p rim in g the W hite House fo r
fe d e ra l jobs:
P resident T ru m a n has adopted a
new p o licy — no lam e-duck a ppoint
ments, b a rrin g exceptional cases.
T h is is the sto ry behind the hope
of Sen. J im M ead's frie n d s to land
h im a d ip lo m a tic post or some other
top job.
T ru m a n and Mead are old and
close friends, fo u g h t shoulder to j
shoulder in m a n y senate battles and i
when T ru m a n became vice p re si
d ent in 1944, M ead succeeded h im
as c h a irm a n of the w a r in v e s tig a t
ing co m m itte e . H owever, several
tim e s re ce n tly when W hite House
advisers raised the question of put
tin g the able New Y o rk e r some
where on the fe d e ra l p a y ro ll, T ru
m an re p lie d w ith a fla t " n o ."
“ If the people of a state or a
congressional district have de
cided that they don’t want a
man in Washington by voting
him out of office, why should I
go against their Judgment by
appointing him to some Job as
a reward for being defeated?“
the President said.
So fa r, none o f T ru m a n ’ s advisers
has thought up a good answer.
• • •
M F.R R Y-G O -RO UN D
C iv ilia n secretaries of state who
to r years have rid d e n in o rd in a ry
P u llm a n s are w ondering how come
the m ilita r y get the use o f p riv a te
ra ilro a d ca rs—in peacetim e. Gen
e ra l M a rs h a ll rode in a p riv a te car
fro m C hicago to W ashington a fte r
his a rm y plane was forced down
by bad w eather, whereas H e n ry L.
Stim son, tw o tim e s s e cre ta ry o f w ar
and once se cre ta ry o f state, never
got any h ig h e r than a daawing
room . , . . G eneral E isenhow er also
has a yen fo r p riv a te cars.
....- - ‘X <
K J O , “ h u n t and p e c k ” ty p in g has
A ' no place in n busy, e ffic ie n t o f
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