Southern Oregon Miner, Thursday, September 20, 1045
Japs Surrender on USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay
EDI I OH'S N OTE: Thu nrn.pnpvr,
through i f r a t l arrangeme I uith the
Washington Bureau i f H'olern N t o t -
paper Union at 1610 Eye Street, N . H \
Washington, D. C., it able to bring
reaJen this u eetiy column on prob­
lems of the eetetan and itrricem an
and bis family, Q u eitiom may be ad-
d reu ed to the above Bureau and they
u ill be antuered in a subsequent col-
«uin. No- replies s in be made direct by
mail, but only in the column uhich u ill
appear in this nene paper regularly.
the /N®
By P aul M allon
Released by Western Newspaper Union.
REAL AMERICAN FOREIGN
POLICY BEING FORMED
W ASHINGTON. — I’he switch of
Mr. Braden for Mr. Rockfeller as
Latin American assistant state sec­
retary was hailed generally as an
exhibit of this government's rising
displeasure with Argentina — but
A PP R EN TIC ES H IP FOR VETS
there was far more behind it than
(hat
With many labor unions suffering
State Secretary Byrnes was not
from lack of apprentice help, partic­
required to change his Latin Ameri­
ularly the building trades unions,
can assistant to express a genuine
the federal committee on apprentice­
displeasure at Argentina’s failure
ship has, through a survey of in­
to follow through her San Francisco
dustry, learned that 300,000 appren­
promises of turning toward democ­
ticeship positions can be handled by
industry from the ranks of return­ racy. Mr. Rockefeller had come to
precisely the same view of the mat­
ing servicemen.
ter even days before his public
The committee consists of repre­ speech proclaiming his displeasure
sentatives of management, labor , also.
unions, the U. S. Department of
What may ha.e had more to
I-abor, (J. S. Office of Education, the
do with the change was Mr.
Federal Security agency and the
Rockefeller’s record of having
apprentice-training service of the
strewn dollars around Latin
W ar Manpower commission.
America in a fantastic enter­
prises of purchasing good will,
The committee has recommended
but deeper than this fact, the
that to protect veterans and to
change really reflects the new
maintain high standards of appren­
methods which are developing
ticeship, adequate safeguards be set
In the whole Byrnes reorganiza­
up by state agencies authorized to
tion, and as a matter of fact,
approve business establishments for
the whole Truman-Byrnes In
apprentice training to assure vet­
world affairs.
erans thorough training in all
Excuses and explanations have
skilled trades. The committee has come confusingly on each separate
ruled out as apprenilceable train­ change in personnel Mr. Byrnes has
ing programs for occupations such made. The elevation of Dean Ache-
as salesman, managerial positions, son. a New Dealer, to be Mr. Byrnes’
professional and semi-professional right-hand man, for example, was
generally interpreted as a forecast
positions and clerical work.
of heavier emphasis on the Roose­
Definitions tor true apprentice­ velt themes. The New Dealers,
ship which are reserved for all­ some said, were to gain at least
round skilled trades and which have secondary control. A far more Im­
been adopted by WMC’s apprentice portant consideration was Mr. Ache-
training service Include the follow­ son’s standing among congressmen.
ing basic standards: (1 ) An ap- He is well liked in both the Senate
prenticeable occupation is consid­ and the House and bis role is apt
ered one that requires 4,000 or more to be a liaison man rather than
Mr.
Byrnes
long
hours to learn; (2 ) A schedule of policy-maker.
functioned as a Roosevelt liaison
the work processes to be learned on
, man with Congress and places great
the job: (3) A progressively in­ emphasis on attaining htll support.
creasing scale of wages that should
A campaign has long been main­
average not less than 50 per cent tained by the Liberals against W il­
of the journeyman's rate over the liam J. Dunn on the ground that
apprenticeship period: (4 ) Provi­ he was not sufficiently belligerent
sions for related classroom instruc­ against Spain. Yet, he was elevated
tion of about 144 hours per year; to a position of increasing promi­
(5 ) Terms of condition of employ­ nence by Byrnes at the very same
ment and training to be stated in a time the policy towards Spain was
hardened by the Potsdam declara­
written agreement and registered
tion.
with the state apprenticeship coun­
The Republicans are currently
cil; (6 ) Review of local apprentice­
interpreting all this interesting
ships by the state or federal ap­
shake-up as meaning their ex­
prenticeship councils: (7 ) Appren­
clusion from new policy-making.
ticeship to be jointly established
Rockefeller, however, was the
by the employer and employe; (8 )
only Republican in the former
Adequate supervision and the keep­
State Department regime. On
the other hand, there is a great
ing of records for all apprentice­
tendency throughout the Tru­
ship programs.
man Administration to solidify
Q.— What Information must a vet­
the Democratic party hold on
eran submit in order to apply for
every Government power ob.
guaranty of a loan under the Gl Bill
tainable.
of Rights?
The
general pattern at least seems
A.—The veteran first executes a
form called a certificate of eligibil­ clear. I t looks to me like a move
ity. In this he gives a summary of to conceal formerly uncongenial ele­
his service record, the amount of ments In a new effort to develop a
the loan, and the purpose for which new line of foreign policy behind
It is to be used. This is submitted the Potsdam agreement. Its main
to the Veterans Administration by political implication is clearly a
step to harmonize the critical class
the lending agency.
groups of the nation behind the
Q.— If a blue discharge from the newly developing foreign policy, to
Army Is neither honorable nor dis­ bring them in and develop harmony
honorable, under what circum­ for the strenuous endless troubles
stances is it given?
ahead (Republicans apparently ex­
A.— The W ar Department informs cluded).
us that an honorable discharge cer­
The policy Itself Is developing
tificate is given when a soldier’s along the same line. Less of a
service has been honorable. A dis­ tendency to appease Russia Is al­
honorable discharge is given In com­ ready noticeable. The demand for
pliance with the sentence of a gen­ full representation of all parties in
eral court martial because of a m ili­ the Balkan elections has been per­
tary offense of a serious nature. A sistently maintained, and Britain
discharge "other than honorable” won over to that purpose. Inci­
(blue) is given for in-between cases. dentally, when Stalin’s growling
Q.— Is there a plan to release from press mouthpiece, Pravda, roared
the Army men who have had four to out against our stand recently, con­
five years’ service without regard tending that the maintenance of
to other factors?
watchers at the polls would be an
A.— No, there is no plan for re­ undue Influence on Bulgarian voters.
I f you can Imagine the weight of
lease because of length of service.
There is authority for retirement our influence through watchers from
of a soldier after 30 years service the distance across the seas while
or if he is disabled in line of duty Russian troops are in possession of
the country, it was. Mr. Byrnes shot
a fte r 20 years service.
Q.— I am in a veterans hospital back and did not give ground, say­
receiving domiciliary care. Can I ing the presence of fair-minded
also receive educational or voca­ newspaper men as observers would
tional rehabilitation benefits at the satisfy the commitments Russia
made as to free elections Of course,
same time.
A.— Yes, the Veterans Adminis­ all this does not really guarantee
tration has ruled that a veteran re­ free elections and may come far
ceiving vocational training or edu­ from it. But our stand at least
cation under either Public Law 346 won a delay and represented a new
or Public Law 16 of the 78th Con­ tendency to avoid the past mistake
gress while receiving domiciliary of not saying or doing anything to
care Is not receiving duplicate bene­ offend Russia.
The Russo-Chinese a g r e e m e n t
fits, which is prevented by law.
shows similar intentions. The pact
Q.— There seems to be some diffi­ is supposed to hare been initiated
culty over seniority rights in obtain­ or pressed by Mr. Truman upon
ing my old job. la there anything I
Moscow. In It Russia has given
can do about it?
ground In promising withdrawal
A.— Yes, if you fill all other quali­
from Manchuria and cessation of
fications of the selective service act
the Communist effort to capture
you are entitled to your old job as
China. The agreement may not
a matter or right, regardless of any
settle the Asiatic problems. Few
question of seniority. This is the
authorities here think it has W rit­
ruling of the Federal Courts and
ten agreements with Russia always
of the National Headquarters of the
cause men with good memories, and
selective service system.
not necessarily long ones, to await
Q.— What is the ratio of disabled proof in action.
veterans applying for jobs?
A.—The W ar Manpower Commis­
sion reports that of more than
1,000,000 veterans who have sought
Here’s the way the Department of
employment at U. S. Employment Agriculture looks at the current
service offices, approximately one- month’s farm picture: cash receipts
fourth were physically disabled and from farm marketing about 15 per
required selective placement tech­ cent higher than in August; slaugh­
niques.
ter of all types of meat animals will
Q.— How many loans and In what Increase; Income from poultry and
amount haa been made under the eggs about the same as in August,
G.l. Bill of Rights?
compared with an Increase of 15 per
A.—The
Veterans
Admtnistra cent In 1944; dairy product income
tlon reports that through June, will decline seasonally; Income from
1945, 10,441 loans for a total of crops will be substantially above
617,241,457.4? bad been guaranteed
August and about the same as in
September 1944; greatest Income
;ain will be from cotton.
Washington Briefs . . .
(Note— la Drew Pearson's ab­
sence. Herbert Bayard Swope,
long a student ol British politi­
cal affairs, contributes a guest
column on the new labor gov­
ernment.)
By HERBERT BAYARD SWOPE
Former Editor of the New York
World and Public Relations Adviser
to the Secretary of War.
NEW YORK. — The conservative
defeat In England is not so striking
a blow as some portray It. Unques­
tionably. there will be a trend to­
ward socialization, but I think that
this will be confined, at least for the
next few years, to the natural mo-
noplles— power, light, heat, trans­
portation. communication (already
in the state's hands except for
cables) and, of course, mining, steel,
and the Fank of England. But much
of this has been on their program for
j the last 25 years.
In fact, even the Lloyd Oeorge
government gave support to the ba-
■ sic plan.
There will be a trend on the
part of the radical movement in
Photograph shows General M acA rthur and his Allied staff looking on as Gen. Hsu Yungrhang signs the
this country to affiliate Itself
surrender document aboard the USS Missouri, laying off Tokyo bay. The signatures of all Allied countries
with the British program. And
were added to those of the Japanese. M acA rthur signed for the United States. The terms of the surren­
I think there will be efforts to
der are already being put Into effect, although it Is admitted by m ilitary authorities that It w ill take months
gain a wider and deeper associa­
tion politically with Britain and
before a working government Is set up In Japan.
Russia. But 1 do not diseern any
trend toward communism.
Whatever Britain does will be done
not by dictatorship, but under the
rule of a true democracy That char­
acteristic saves it from becoming a
repetition of Stalinism. After all.
only two Communists were elected
out of 27 who ran. That's not dan­
gerous, even though the propagand­
ists can—and do—claim 100 per cent
Increase! (The Commies had one
member In the last House.)
No New Foreign Policy.
I should doubt that there will be
any decisive changes In foreign pol­
icy. Britain has consistently adhered
to a pretty well formulated foreign
policy for almost 300 years. However,
it is reasonable to expect a greater
sympathy on the part of the British
foreign office for the movement left
of center than with the kings and
Tories the expiring government sup­
ported. An approach to self-govern­
ment in India is to be expected.
I think foreign trade will become
more international minded and more
collective. I think It will move to­
ward further cartelization. The ques­
tion about British commerce grow­
ing will be dependent upon their
range of wage. Labor will drive for
wider employment and higher pay.
Probably it will take over many fea­
tures of Beveridge's plan. To hold
the British position in world markets
will require subsidies. In other words,
Britain will embark upon a species
of protection.
Long Labor Rule.
Attlee is a good man, overshadow­
While Japan w ill be whittled down from a prewar em pire of 260,770 square miles to 146,690 square miles,
ed by his association with Churchill. the adm inistration of the islands by the Allies w ill be a m ajor task. The control of the 72,000,000 Japs on the
My guess is that labor Is In for a home Islands w ill not be easy for the Allies. M ap shows Industrial Japan. M any of these industries w ill be dis­
long run and, If there is any change placed.
,
-
it will be to displace Attlee for one
of Its own, such as Bevin or Mor­
rison. As its name Implies, this is a
labor victory, built In a democratic
framework.
Unquestionably, the fact that
labor received a clear majority of
all the votes, will tend to unify
the country. I believe there Is
nothing to fear from England. In
fact, we may be able to learn
from this great experiment. My
hope Is that there will not be too
great a limitation set upon free •
enterprise.
We should remember that Ramsay
MacDonald’s l a b o r
government
swung steadily to the right. In fact, |
it Is axiomatic that the ins grow con­
servative and the outs more radical.
That is happening In America I
right now. I t wouldn’t be surprising
If the Republicans were gradually to
move to the left, as against the con­
servatism of the southern democracy.
Universal War-Weariness.
In my reading, it is almost a set­
tled law of history that every coun­
try engaged In a war repudiates the
leadership that brought Its people
into the war. We saw that exempli­
fied after World War I. All the vic­
tors were repudiated — Wilson In
America, Lloyd Oeorge In Britain,
Orlando in Italy, Clemenceau In
France. And the losers, too: the
Hohenzollerens, the Hapsburgs and
the Romanoffs.
Apparently a great wave of war-
weariness overwhelms all peoples,
This starved, em aciated POW
and they throw out anyone remotely
from Aom ori, near Yokohama, shows
connected with the war. I f that be
Babe Ruth, pilot of the Eastern nine, and Ty Cobb, m anager of the effects of m alnutrition at hands of
true, it disposes of any question of
military candidates. But there is Western nine of the Esquire All-Am erica boys, “ choose up’’ Just be­ Japs, as he was rescued by U . 8.
small likelihood of that; America fore the start of the Boys East-West championship. They took tim e out mercy squadrons. In addition to hu­
man torches, other Inhuman and
has chosen a great military figure to demand ball parks for every 1,000 boys In the United States. Ruth and
barbaric brutal acts were practiced.
really only once. That was Grant— Cobb still rem ain heroes to thousands of sand lot players.
and his presidency was a stench.
Attlee's cabinet is a strong one
and certainly as good as Churchill
bad.
There Is an additional point, In
connection with the English result,
on which I should like to expatiate
for Just a moment:
We Won’t Copy England.
There is an Insistent belief that
the English elections are definitely
an indication of how ours are going.
While, unquestionably, the result
shows a tendency. In reality there is
nothing to warrant the belief that It
is any more than such a tendency.
In 1908 to 1911, Lloyd George was
beginning his successful campaign
for vast social reforms In Britain.
We remained conservative, electing
T a ft in 1908, and would have elected
a Republican in 1912 had it not been
for the Bull Mocse split.
England went liberal during the
war, and thereafter, but we turned
solidly to the right Immediately after
the war, while England, In the early
'20s elected a labor government. In
Spread on the table are the complete Japanese surrender papers,
Ten-year-old Joe Morrison Is given
1923, when MacDonald got a plural­
Including term s of surrender. In the background can be seen one of the his final fishing Instructions before
ity, we put our leadership in the
Japanese delegates as he gazes a t the papers.
A t least his hat got he returns to school. Like thousands
hands of Calvin Coolidge.
In the photograph. Copies of the surrender w ill be preserved for future of other boys, he spent some p a rt of
generations, and as a guide for newer generations of Japs.
the sum m er fishing and cam ping.
A World Commercial Problem for Years to Come
Choose Up for Boys All-American
Papers of Historical Importance
Japs Starved Yanks
Good-By to Fishing
a