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Washington. I). C.
STRATEGY AGAINST JAPAN
Back in 1937-38. Adm William
Leahy, now chief of staff to the
White House, devised a strategy
against Japan, which, if put into ef­
fect. might have prevented Pearl
Harbor and even World War II.
Today, the old Leahy strategy is
being dusted off, especially on Capi*
tol Hill, as the best means of finish­
ing the war with Japan. It would
save thousands of American lives,
its proponents claim, and would
serve as an example of how wars
can be won—or prevented—by naval
blockade
The proposals made by Ad­
m iral Leahy constitute one of
the most important and unwrit­
ten chapters in the history of
what happened shortly before
the war began. Leahy, then
chief of naval operations and
one of the best strategists the
navy has seen in years, saw all
too clearly what was coming
both in Europe and Asia. At
that time, 1937, Japan had Just
begun her fuO-ocale invasion of
China, and it was Leahy’s Idea
to make an example of Nippon
which would show Hitler and
Mussolini — then feeling their
oats — that the Cnited States
meant business and would stand
four-square behind the peace
machinery of the world.
Therefore, he proposed to Roose­
velt a naval blockade of Japan in
cooperation with the British fleet,
using the peace machinery of the
League of Nations and the nine-
power pact which guarantees the
sovereignty of China.
Leahy argued that by keeping
the U. S. Navy in the Philippines
and the British fleet at Singapore,
we could cut off all oil, scrap iron,
copper, cotton and other war ma­
terials from Japan. Without these,
he argued, the Japanese war ma­
chine would be powerless and would
fold up in six months. Leahy fig­
ured that the United States w'ould
lose its gunboats on the Yangtze
river, but that aside from this the
main U. S. fleet would not have to
fire a single shot.
British Start Blockade.
President Roosevelt agreed. So
did the British. And in the late sum­
mer of 1937. the British actually de­
tailed 6 battleships. 12 cruisers and
20 destroyers to leave British home
waters for Singapore. Just at that
moment, however, the axis capi­
tals apparently got wind of what was
happening, and Mussolini started his
unofficial submarine campaign off
the coast of Spain which detained
the British fleet at Gibraltar.
The Panay Incident.
At any rate, the plan to blockade
Japan, following the failure of the
Brussels conference in October,
1937. was dropped. But Adm iral
Leahy revived it again a year later,
when, in December, 1938. the Japs
sank the U. S. Gunboat Panay and
the British Gunboat Ladybird.
Leahy recognized this for what
it was, a deliberate attempt by
the Jap war lords to test out how
much insult the United States would
take, and to make Britain and the
USA lose face with the Chinese. Ac­
cordingly he rushed to the state
department and all one Sunday
afternoon. December 13, 1938. one
day after the sinking of the Panay,
he urged Cordell Hull to seize this
psychological moment to put the
blockade of Japan into effect.
The British were also willing to
cooperate And, Leahy pointed out.
in another year, war, inevitably
breaking out in Europe, would tie
up the British fleet and they could
not possibly help us in the Pacific.
Russia, he also pointed out. had
60 submarines at Vladivostok, ready
to help us cut off all scrap iron, all
oil, all cotton and copper from
Japan. Without these, he argued,
the Japanese war machine would be
paralyzed.
Pacing the floor of H ull’s office
w ith Leahy was Hugh Wilson, ex­
ambassador to Germany and one of
the state department's foremost ap­
peasers. He opposed Leahy at ev­
ery turn, finally convinced cautious
Cordell Hull that Leahy was too vig­
orous, that it was best to appease
Japan. •
Less than one year later. Hitler
had invaded Poland, the British fleet
was desperately needed to defend
B ritish home waters, and the fat
was in the fire. From that point on
there was no possible way the
United States could blockade Japan
—though many people have never
understood why we went to the op­
posite extreme and increased our
shipments of oil and scrap iron to
Japan so that she laid in tremendous
reserves before Pearl Harbor.
Japan Can Be Starved.
But beginning with V-E Day, the
possibility of blockading Japan for
the first time since 1939 was com­
pletely reversed. Since V-E Day, the
B ritish fleet is entirely free to oper­
ate in the Pacific. So are Russian
submarines. So is the whole might
of the U. S. Navy, now no longer
needed to watch for submarines in
the Caribbean or the Atlantic.
Today it is possible to throw up
such a naval blockade around the
main Jap islands, augmented by air
patrols, that hardly a ton of raw
materials could reach Jap factories
D y P aul M aixon J ^
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KAISER SETS PACE
IN RECONVERSION PLANS
SAN FRANCISCO—The Pacific
coast has about the same postwar
worry as the rest of the country but
in more accentuated and positive
form because of the vast expansion
throughout the state in planes, ship­
yards and other war industries.
The Kaiser shipyards industry, for
example, has been losing about 5.000
employees a month. The last four
pages of their newspaper in its last
issue contained want-ads of workers
seeking ride - sharing automobile
seats to return home. Their yards
payroll at Richmond near here has
been cut from peak employment of
13.000 down to 49.000 already (and
it has had 500.000 different persons
employed in the past four years).
I met the emperor of this most
fabulous accumulation of American
industries
during
the war, Henry J.
Kaiser, and talked
with him for more
than an hour. His is
not only the largest
but most varied of
a ll th e n a tio n ’ s
strictly new war en­
terprises and con­
tains 100 industries.
Thus he also has
the biggest of ail
Henry J.
the problems of re­
Kaiser
conversion and I
was interested in ascertaining how
he would meet it.
He is a crisp, heavy-set man with
a knowledge of what is needed and
with unlimited ideas of how to do
the job. He has both business hope
and faith—a confidence that the
imagination of the American people
will devise methods of carrying for­
ward our industrial postwar system
and faith that it cannot fail.
What he—aggressive lone wolf in­
dustrial fighter that he is—thinks the
country needs prim arily is compe­
tition. The first postwar industry j
:o which he is turning his attention
is, naturally, shipping.
He was |
growling about another business
leader who made a speech a few
days back advocating scrapping of
the American merchant marine. We
now have more ships than any na- j
tion ever had on the seas, (number
is a m ilita ry secret) and he thinks
they should be used. This w ill re­
quire government subsidy in his
apinion because competing Euro­
pean lines have subsidies. I judge
that he has in mind American ac­
quisition of the trade which Japan
formerly had in the Orient. He did
not mention a current rumor that he
may build postwar ships for Russia, |
although I saw him shortly after he
left Molotov.
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BEES
Selling Out Everything
The problem of unloading vital supplies for the American invàderà who have been fighting their way
Inland, yard by yard, on the 70-mlV-long Okinawa Island, haa been a big one. Picture at lower left shows an
LST approaching shore with supplì*a. Center: Supplies are landed. Upper right: Necessities of life and war.
row after row. line the dusty beach on this far Pacific Isle. Circle: Fleet C o m m a n d e r Cheater W. N lm lti.
Out of the Ashes of War Arises a New Manila
SS B I v m o f Yalloxr Ita lia a S a a s,
Oood S o a t y Q atherera.
30 B m p ty T ram a Mlv«». A li Mlv»»
hava doubla eovar aad aqalppad
fo r p ro d u ela g eom b hoaay.
188 Bnpar»
np»r aad 100 hlva »taada far
»la.
W rite or Call Dr. F. M. Trout
M alla, O ragoa
THE HENNING VIOLIN
K and Mad» »ad U n«nrpa»»»d
T erm « W r ite fo r Booklet.
E x p e rt Itep nlrlnK
GUSTAV HENNING
VIOX.IK M A K BB
8907 Btb A v».. K. B.
S a a tti» S, W u h .
MSO
Cow Tralrra
A« a result of war necessity wom­
en gradually are taking over the Job
of "cow
testers" in tbe United
States Cow testers test m ilk for but-
terfat content, and If the m ilk of a
certain cow is not up to standard,
she is disposed of for food.
Packers* Earnings
Manila begins to rebuild. Left, the once-beautiful and modern queen city of the Orient, devastated by the
Japs, starts the task of rebuilding with the help of the U. 8. engineers. Upper center: This taxi Is not much
to look at, but it indicates Manila's reconversion. Upper right: A road repair gang is at work on Manila's
Taft avenue, erasing some of the scars. Lower right: Bailey bridge.
Marooned Airmen Rescued by Helicopter
HAS MANY PLANS
The nation also needs 2.000,000
homes, low cost homes, and he sees
in this field vast opportunities for
postwar activity, in his opinion.
Transportation should be entirely
revised. A lower cost fare should be
worked out on the railroads. Speed
highways should be extended, as the
nation in the future w ill continue to
move out from the cities. He sees
opportunities for building lower cost
cars in the automobile industry
(which he does not believe is com­
petitive now) and great possibilities
in development of health facilities
for the people. He would promote
health facilities in every possible
way to a scope amounting to a na­
tional industry.
Here is a man with ideas and the
kind of energetic imagination which
conceives new ventures when old
ones fail. He is now in metals, con­
ceiving a new magnesium alloy for
steel, a new kind of plaster, gyp­
sum, planes, chemicals.
New Air Hero
While net earnings of the pack­
ing industry, based on sales,
amounted to 1 per cent for the
seven-year period, 1937-43, 11 other
major industries reported compara­
ble earnings ranging from 4 to 7.9
per cent.
Weather Chart
It is possible that in time a farm ­
er may be given a chart showing the
probability of weather hazards in his
locality, for virtually every day of
the year, says the department of
agriculture.
Unplugging Cord
When disconnecting an electric
cord always grasp it by the plug—
not by the cord itself. This w ill pre­
vent pulling the small wires out of
place and lengthen the life of the
cord.
Ambitious Student
The first student to enter North
Carolina State university, 30 days
after it opened in 1795, was Hin­
ton James, who walked 200 miles
from Wilmington to matriculate.
Varied Climate
North Carolina has the most
varied climate in eastern America,
with a range of 20 degrees in aver­
age temperatures between the
mountain tops and the seacoast.
Cleaning Fireplace
B ELIEVES IN C OM PETITION
He is also in coal and steel, and
Eleven marooned RCAF airmen who were rescued by a U. 8. coast
in each industry he attempts to main­ guard helicopter in the first rescue of its kind, set up this 808 sign in
tain a competitive spirit. He keeps the snow (upper left), made of green spruce boughs. Lower left: Cave
three offices in Washington instead in the snow In which the airmen lived for two weeks in the Labrador wilds.
of one and thus promotes greater Snow is 10 feet deep. Right: Air view of the actual rescue.
work energy among his own em­
ployees—and, of course, more pro­
duction.
4
I suspect his own reconversion
plan is already well under way.
There is much well-advised talk
about him expanding into foreign
production in Latin America and
elsewhere.
His enthusiastic spirit is symbolic
of the feeling among other business
men with whom I talk throughout I
this area. In this respect it is some­
what different from the East where I
the trend runs to pessimism or
doubt although labor is going home j
in droves.
Everyone out here figures the Jap
war to take another year (my guess j
is somewhat less than that) and
sees San Francisco and the Pacific !
coast as gateways to the newly j
opened island empires of the Pa­
cific and the Orient. We may ex­
pect a doubling of our trade west­
ward. and perhaps more.
There is much remaining of the
forty-niner gold strike ambition
Among the high ranking army and navy officials who spoke on the
among these business people and I
would not be surprised if they meet world-wide victory bioadcast celebrating V-E Day were, left to right: Gen.
their postwar problem which is George C. Marshall, chief of staff of the U. 8. arm y: Adm. William O.
heavier than any other section, as Leahy, chief of staff to the President, and Adm. Ernest J. King, chief of
naval operations.
well a ; any another.
Army and Navy Chiefs in V-E Broadcast
Marine pilot, 2nd Lt. William
W. Eldridge Jr. of Hixon, Tenn.,
grins as he returns to his Oki­
nawa airfield after blasting four Jap
planes in as many minutes, when
Jap suicide bombers attacked a U .8.
ship.
Proudest Mom
To clean fireplace bricks, cover
with a paste of powdered pumice
and household ammonia. Let dry for
an hour, then scrub with warm,
soapy water.
Potatoes in Jackets
Research workers say potatoes
boiled in their jackets lose only half
as much ascorbic acid as baked
potatoes and only a third as much
thiamine.
Thrifty Gardeners
T hrifty gardeners thin their rows
at the time when the greens, let­
tuce, carrots and other first vegeta
tes make good table dishes.
Spoil Quickly
Fats saved over from cooking
spoil more quickly than new fat.
So keep them extra cold and us«
as soon as possible.
Cake Raisins
Raisins w ill be less likely to sink
in the cake if they are heated and
rolled in flour before they are added
to the batter.
Grease Remover
Soak greasy tinned pots and pans
In hot soda water. The soda removes
the grease quickly.
Veneer Production
Washington, Florida and North
Mrs. Ida Eisenhower, 83, mother Carolina lead the nation in veneer
of Gen. Dwight D. Elsenhower, production.
shown as she looked with pride at
photo of her famous son, conqueror
of German military might.
Changed Names
U ntil 1810 Buffalo, N. Y., wai
known as New Amsterdam.