Urges Helium to Float Airships know sometlilng of helium and the development in the production to date. Scientists admit that its discovery was one of pure science. It was first discovered in 1868, in India, while scientists were making observations of an eclipse of the sun. Scientists agree that the occurrence of helium Is in the air, in sea and river water, in rocks and mineral springs, in gey It Is Now Recovered From Natural sers and in volcanic gases, but the only quantities on a large scale can Gas— More Experimental Work in be recovered from the natural gas of the Production of Helium the United States.” Manning Says Rare Gas Is Non- Explosive, and Therefore Safer Than Hydrogen. MOST ABUNDANT IN U. S. A. Urged by Van R. Manning. Before the Bank of England was Washington.—Further experimental •work In the production of helium as founded In 1684, there were no banks a substitute for hydrogen gas for in all that country. dirigibles is urged by Van R. Man- •ning, former director of the United States bureau of mines and new di rector of research for the American Petroleum Institute. The terrible loss of life in the ZR-2 disaster at Hull, England, Mr. Manning declared, ac centuates the need for an intensive development of helium here. “ The military and commercial use of helium for dirigibles,” said Mr. Manning, “is generally recognized, al though to date no practical utilization of this gas has been made except by the government. In the spring of 1917, as the director of the bureau of mines I approved a preliminary investigation as to the possibilities of the produc tion of helium as a war measure, and as a result a co-operative effort was instigated by the Interior, Army and Na\ty departments looking toward the solving of a problem which was im portant to our own and our allies’ in terests. Prompt and quick results were desired. People o f Berlín Don’t Want A ny More War Is Last Surviving Grandchild of Signer Newport, R. I.—Henrietta Channing Ellery of this city has the distinction of being the last surviving grandchild of a signer of the Declaration of Independ ence. She Is the granddaughter o f William Ellery. Miss Ellery was bom April 8, 1838, and has lived her entire life in Newport. Neither she nor her sister Mary, long since deceased, ever married. For a great many years they made their home in the Ellery home stead, on Thames street, the home of their grandfather, but this house Is no longer standing. The Newport chapter of the Daughters of the American Rev olution is named after this sign er of the Declaration of Inde pendence. Prize Winners in Indian Baby Show A monster demonstration was held in front of the Lustgarten in Berlin recently, in commemoration of the World Thousands of placards reading “Never Again War” were carried. war. Volga T ow n s in Hunger Despair ------------------ HAS 4,000 PATIENTS & ent at Samara said the other day the only way to handle the situation was to segregate those who have beerr stricken. They receive rations when food is available, but there is no soap. Five hundred sick children were found grouped in one building in Sa- I mara. Some of them were seen eat ing leaves from shrubs, while others were lying about on dirty beds, more Docks and Railroad Stations Piled dead than alive. Most of these chil High With Belongings of Refugees dren were so ashen and emaciated that they resembled old men and Driven From Their Land by women. Drought and Grasshoppers. People Sit Silent in the Streets Awaiting Death to End Their Sufferings. J Results Satisfactory. “It can be said to the ^credit of these branches of our government that satisfactory results were ob tained, although not in time to put into actual service dirigibles filled with helium. Ample funds were al- loted by the Army and Navy depart Here are the winners in the Indian baby show which was a feature ot ments to the bureau of mines, Inte rior department, and experiments were the Indian field days that are held every year in Yellowstone National park. immediately begun with three proc esses. One process was proved to be successful, another not wholly suc cessful and the third plant has been operating experimentally up to a few weeks ago. The fact is that the gov ernment is now operating a . large helium production plant, with a ca pacity of 30,000 cubic feet of helium per day. “Maj. P. E. Van Nostrand of the United States army, who was to have “hydroplane” designates a sea Three Types of Aircraft Definitely plane; been one of the officers on the ill- sled, which planes on the surface of Named in New Order to the water, but does not- take/;ihe air. fated ZR-2, was one of the collabora An airplane has been called an “aero,” tors in the development of this work Army and Navy. which, it is explained, is as wrong as and fully appreciates the importance calling a boat a “water.” The words of helium for dirigibles and balloons, “aeroplane,” “hydro-aeroplane” and Is credited by the press with the state ment that ‘had the ship been filled “dirigible,” have been done away with and “airplane,” “seaplane” and “air with helium it is doubtful if such an ship” have taken their places. accident could Rave,happened.’ According to the recent published Expense Justified, National Advisory Committee on Aero report of the national advisory com “ As one who had to bear the respon nautics Compiles Standard Terms— mittee, “aircraft” constitutes any form sibility for the experimental work “Aircraft" Is Any Form of Craft of craft designed to navigate the air until a year ago, I cannot emphasize That Navigates the Air. and is divided into “ aerostats”-: and too strongly the statement that the “ airplanes." Aerostats comprise government expenditures, large as Washington—Standard aeronautical lighter-than-air craft, - embodying a they were, in separating helium from natural gas for use in dirigibles,^ terms, devised and compiled by the container filled with a gqs lighter than whether for military or commercial national advisory committee for aero air, such as hydrogen, and sustained purposes, have been thoroughly justi nautics, have been officially prescribed by its buoyancy. They Include “air fied, and it will be obvious to any for use in the army and navy. Here ships” and “balloons.” The word “airplane” is now used one who has- even a superficial idea after, the new order states, the offi of the uses for helium that ample cers of the two air services will use to designate craft heavier than air, obtaining support from the action of funds should be forthcoming from the the regulation nomenclature. For some time, aerial experts point the air on the wings, and driven government and private sources to carry on further experimental work. out, laymen have been calling any through the air by screw propellers. The government is now the chief user thing that traverses the air an “air Airplanes equipped for alighting on of helium, and I should like to direct ship,” whereas the word “ aircraft” water are termed “seaplanes.” “Airships,” as the craft formerly the attention of our country to the should be employed. They say that Importance of continuing active and all balloons, rigid and nonrigid air known as lighter-than-air are now immediate development of the rigid ships, or lighter-than-air craft, áre called, are divided into three typest airship and helium programs previous constantly being termed “blimps,” a “rigid,” whose form is maintained by ly undertaken by congress to the end slang word, now obsolete, but original a metallic frame within the gas bag that the officers and men who forfeited ly used to designate a nonrigid air or envelope; “nonrigid,” whose enve their lives may not have died in vain.” plane fuselage slung beneath the gas lope is kept taut by the pressure of the contained gas, and “ semirigid,” The story of helium was described bag. maintained by a rigid or jointed keel by Mr. Manning as “ one of the ro “Seaplane,” Not “ Hydroplane.” The word “hydroplane” has often and also by gas pressure. These three mances of science." “It may be of interest at this time,” he said, “ to been misused in referring to a sea- types are all propelled by gas engines located in a hull or car, or in indi vidual engine houses suspended below the supporting envelope, and controlled by means of rudders and fins. N ew Aviation Term s Fixed GUTS OUT SLANG PHRASES Motorcycling in M ojave Desert Some New Terms. With the exception of occasional cloudbursts which sometimes shed as much as six inches of rain In half an hour, rain is almost unknown in the Moja\<e desert, California. When the cloudbursts come they wash out roads and everything else. This motorcyclist is attempting to navigate one of the roads after such a. storm. other night while they were waiting to be transferred to some other town. Others were lying about and were so helpless that it was difficult to dis tinguish between the living and the dead. Among the new and often misun derstood terms are the following: Aeronaut—The pilot of an aerostat (airship or balloon). Airdrome—A landing field equipped with hangars and shops. Aviator—The operator or pilot of heavier-than-air craft, such as air planes and seaplanes. Fuselage—Body of an airplane, in cluding engine and passenger seats. Glider—An airplane without a pow er plant. Heliocopter—An aircraft deriving its support not from wings but the vertical thrust of propellers. Ornithopter—An aircraft deriving its support and power from flapping wings. Pancake—To land by an airplane by leveling off higher from the ground than normal, causing it to stall and descend nearly vertically. Soar—To fly on a level without power. Spin—An aerial maneuver in which the airplane descends nearly vertical ly while turning rapidly in the form of a helix or a “corkscrew.” Taxi—To run an airplane over the ground or seaplane over the water under its own power, without taking the air. Zoom—To climb rapidly at a very steep angle. PICTURES OF GRIM MISERY Germans Among Sufferers. Syzran, Russia.—There was a time when Syzran was the most colorful city along the Volga, but that time is gone. Today it is crowded with dust- begrimed peasants, who group them selves into gray masses in their search for food. There was a time when the air was filled with a perfect babel of tongues— the languages of the Kalmucks, Mon gols, Tartars, Chinese and Russians— but the crowds that throng the streets of the city at present are mute. Even the laughter of children has been si Many once prosperous German fam ilies from Mariupol and other Ger man centers are among the refugees I at Samara and are living in filth and poverty in crowded dock sheds or have no shelter at all. Several Ger mans told the correspondent they had relatives in Siberia and were trying to reach Omsk, but they had exhaust ed their money and could not get per How would you like to have 4,000 mission to migrate eastward. Miss Anna Haines of Philadelphia, patients and have to examine them a worker for the Friends’ relief organ all on Saturday afternoon? This is ization, is In Samara and recently the task assigned to Floyd S. Young, said the mortality among children less who has ch a rg e of the fish a q u a riu m than three years old is very high and at a department stora in Chicago. that nearly 90 per cent are already Floyd has nothing to do all week long dead. She told of four persons dying except to see that his 4,d00 fish are on a station platform in Samara the supplied with food and water, but on Saturday afternoon he takes them all out and gives them an examination and treats any of them that seem to be ailing. They require baths; they have Took Clothes; Punched to have their fins looked over and each one of them is susceptible to a num Nose; Are Wife’s Woes ber of diseases. Seattle, Wash.—Married 80 days—and then divorce I WOULD-BE RESCUERS PERISH Asserting that her husband secured all of her clothes, locked Men Plunge Into Pond to Save Boy her in an isolated room and Whose Antics Lead Them to Be then left their home, taking the lieve He Was Drowning. clothing with him, Mrs. Willena White recently filed suit for di New York.—The shouts and splash- vorce against Roy White. Ings of Edward Anderson, eight years The couple was married only old, were mistaken for the cries of a little more than two months a drowning lad, and two workmen of ago, on May 31, 1921, says the Elizabeth, N. J.—Paul Saps and Mich complaint and have quarreled ael Sowenk—plunged Into a pond on continually since that time. It Staten island to rescue him. is charged that the husband The boy, thinking the men were go struck his wife and choked her; ing to arrest him, swam to the bank. that he called her vile names; When he looked back at the water that he threatened to shoot both there was no one in sight. her and her mother and that he Two policemen later recovered the has frequently insulted her be bodies of Saps and Sowenk from the fore her friends. bottom of the pond. It is believed Mrs. White asks the return of that cramps seized them. her maiden name, Willena Rob erts. When a young man proposes it is up to the girl to lose her self-pcssession. le n c e d In th e d e s p a ir th a t h a s se ttle d over these tens of thousands, who sit, crossing themselves, and wait for what seems to be the inevitable. Pictures of Grim Misery. Pictures of misery seen here are du plicated in Samara, Simbirsk, Saratoff, Tsaritzin, and every other city in the famine-stricken valley of the Volga. Docks and railroad stations are piled high with the belongings of the refu gees, who were driven from their land by the drought and the clouds of grasshoppers that destroyed even the meager grain that had defied the heat of the terrible summer now drawing to a tragic close. Committees are try ing to move the refugees to other points where there is some promise of food, but it is necessary to use the limited river and railroad trans portation facilities to send seed grain into the country and to bring bread into the famine districts. Many professional, beggars of the gypsy type are to be found here and in other large centers in southern Russia, but the starving farmers ask no alms and utter no cry. They stand silent and await their fate with tfte stoicism pictured so graphically and truthfully by Tolstoy and Dosto ievsky. Sell Rings and Clothing. Markets have sprung up mushroom like here and there about the refugee camps, offering for sale vegetables, bread, flour and meat. They are sur rounded by hungry people, who have no money to offer, but who exchange wedding rings, fur coats, caps, ket tles, pans, boots and other small pos sessions. They know the Russian win ter is coming, and that it will find them without shelter and clothing, but they are obliged to give up the ne cessities of the future to meet the de mands of the present. Large peasant families arrive In a state of exhaustion, their carts being dragged by camels and starved horses. There is no hay or grain here, and there Is slight prospect that the animals can be kept alive until spring. In the carts are samovars, talking machines, concertinas and American sewing machines, which are bartered for food or for coffins. The dead lie unnoticed for hours, while near | them are pitiful groups boiling a few potatoes and onions with which to keep alive. Some markets are under | armed guard, but this appears to be | unnecessary, as the peasants are too weak and passive to take violent measures. A t the Harvest Festival o f Java Typhus Claiming Victims. Great crowds attempt to cling to the few trains that leave here daily, and soldiers often pull some of the refugees from the cars, frequently separating -families, some members of which have managed to secrete them selves between the cars. Typhus has appeared in many places and the hospital superintend i j The greatest of all the festivals celebrated in Java is the harvest festival. During the procession the sultans of the clans sit under great sunshades that are covered with gold and silver stars, making plain the rank of those squatted beneath them.