Iuflu-uei) of flood Koads
Editob Democrat:
The subject of good raids .is one of
great Importance. It is one in which I
am deeply interested and have been for
many years. And the idea of holding
good roads meetings throughout the
Btate is, to my mind the most effective
way of arousing the public sentiment
to the importance of good roads, and
their value to the commonwealth.
When you study thia question you
find It reaches out in every direction
and touches every vital point.
1st. The expenditure of money for
permanent improvement of roads can
be defended as a matter of justice to
the people living in the country.
2nd. As a matter of advantage to
those who do not live in the country.
3rd. The expenditure of money can
be defended on the ground that the
nation demands that the comforts of
country life shall, ns far as possible.
keep pace with the comforts of city
life.
The improvements of roads can be
justified on the ground that the farmer,
the first and the most important pro
ducer of wealth ought to be in a post
tion'to market his crop at the most
favorable opportunity, at present he is
compelled to sell it when harvested or
share his profits with the middleman,
As a matter of justice and right we
Bhould have roads which will enable the
farmer to market his crop at any
, month in the year. I believe the far
mer has a right to insist on a system
of roads which will enable him to do
this. Good roads would to a great ex
tent, Bolve the qnestion of education,
Boys and girls of the country will
Btand more of an equal chance with
those of the city. Now, the farm boys
and girls aftor finishing the district
school must leave the farm and home
influence to get any more education
and the trouble with thai is so few of
them ever return to the farm.
James J. Hill said in his speech in
Seattle that in six years the U. S. will
be importing wheat.
118 years ago in England, they raised
14 bushels of wheat per acre. Now
they raise 32 bushels per acre. In Hol
land they raise 84 bushels per acre.
The U. S. last year, produced 13.9
bushels, hence we see the necessity of
keeping the boy on the farm so his
energies can be applied to the natural
resources of the mother earth.
It is important to the wilfare of our
government, and for the advancement
of civilization that we make life on the
farm as attractive as possible.
I believe the government is duty
bound to guard the interests of the
country population in regard to its
highways for carrying its products to
market, the same as it is to keep open
rivers for transporting commodities
from one place to another.
M. A. MILLER.
Not An Ane ot Press Muz.lo
The New York World says it will not
be muzzled, that it proposes to speak
out regardless of the President. Re
gardless of the right or wrong of the
present case the World has a right to
do so. This is not a country where the
press can be muzzled, by a president,
even one who carries a big stick. Pres
ident Roosevelt has some excellent
qualities, but at times he becomes
arrogant and demonstrative. It is pos
sible about that time he deserves a les
Bon. There is nothing particularly out
of the way in a newspaper asking for
an investigation of the financial part of
a big project like that of the Panama
canal. The accounts of common every
day officiuls aro continually investiga
ted. Thero is after all quite a suspicion
that there has been a good deal of graft
in the Panama ulTaira. If there is not
it should bo a favor to the government
to have an opportunity to disprove it.
We Ciiii Uo It Too.
It it assorted that since the great
applo show at Spokane, land arround
Wenatchee, which has obtained a strik
ing reputation on account nf it, has
increased in value GO per cent. It was
for a fact an imonae booster to the
country, This valley can have just as
great a reputation and receive just as
great a benefit; but it will tuko now
and up-to-dato methods, no half way
business. It is certainly worth the
effort. We can raise just as fine apples
as Wenatchee and as many when wc
take the same pains and use the mod
ern methods. This valley has some
things to learn with a vengeance, and
it is time our producers buckled down
to the business.
I'renz'cd thoughts.
Mr. Sheldon's list of contributors to
the republican campaign fund will do
excellent service for years to come ns a
political register of our leading Ameri
can millionaires.
President sleet Taft declares that no
one except Mr. Hitchcock has been
decided upon for any place in his cabi
net so far. We foar Mr. Taft nasbeen
reading sorao of the newspapors very
carofully.
Saturday Night' Thoughts.
This week in Turkey a real parlia
ment was convened, the country's first
experiment under a constitutional gov
ernment . Just how much liberty it
will give the people is to be seen. Al
most anything will be a relief from the
despotism of the past. The Turks have
been about the poorest governed peo
ple in the world and deserve a constitu
tion with wings to it.
A prominent man back east has under
taken the job of killing Bryanism. He
probably doesn't realize that he is fan
ning a flame that is liable to blaze
again, ard at this time this kind of
business will not help even the cause
he espouses.
The interstate commerce commission
this week has been investigating the
Pullman service, about which here has
been so much complaint. Here it is:
Besides the regular railway fare travel
ers pay the Pullman Co. a rate of $2 to
$4 a day for a room in its moving hotel,
a little dinkey 6 by 4 foot . affair, with
the usual parlor and aisle privileges,
about such a service as one gets at a
hotel for a dollar a day; then in addi
tion the traveler to get decent treat
ment from the Company's servants,
must pay the porter, and when he goes
into the dining room on Mr. Pullman's
1 wheels he has to pay triple price for
what he eats, and besides has to tip the
waiter liberally to be treated as well as
a dog is by the average person. Isn't
it about time the public kicked.
There has been somewhat of college
life in the valley this week, a glee club
starting out, some cutting up at Willa
mette, the staid slethodiBt school, a
fine entertainment at Albany, etc. The
doings of students alwayB have vinegar
and spice in them, and one generally
gets commercial value for the stage
sights.
The trial of Mr. Jim Finch for mur
der was begun at Portland this . week.
The sentiment is almost universal that
he is guilty and should hang. A former
Albany man the case excites particular
interest here. Young men making
their records, whether good or bad,
may well contemplate the situation of
Finch.
...
Albany's first electric car arrived
this week and will soon be running, a
decided change in the affairs of the
city, and a welcome one.
The city had a blind pig nuisance case
this week, with convictions and fines.
There are several others in town, it
being well known that the near-beer
part of different places is only a guise
for the real article and more than that,
often corn juice itself. One wonders
why any one will deliberately make a
business of law violations for the little
gain there is in the infamous business,
regardless of law.
Under the present arrangement every
traction, now DasKec oan, later Dase
ball and field sports, then foot ball, in
thu rounds. The public taste is for ac
tion along organized lines, and these
attractions and others are always bound
to draw.
.
The giving season is hero, a good
thing for the hearts of men, even
though some go to extremes in recip
rocity. But better yet is the habit of
giving good deeds, kindness, fellowship,
brotherly love. People with the least
money often give the most; for it is not
ho Intrinsic value but the spirit that
counts.
Frenzied I'houithts.
When Roosevelt goes to Rome the
Romans will do as he does.
Maybe Undo Joe is only blowing
smoke in the faces of the tar ff revis
ionists. Mr. Rockefeller is. now convinced
that tho course of Trust Oil never did
run smooth.
Count Boni cannot avoid taking as
much interest in the Goulds as if he
were still one of the family.
Mr. Carnegie speaks with tho calm
confidence of the man who has some
thing saved up for a rniny day.
Now that the fuo'bnll season is about
over, what is the use in keeping the
colleges open? The students would
appreciate a vacation until baseball
time.
The emperor business is not what it
once was.
Inquiring persons who wonder how
Mr. Roosevelt can hurt lions and edit
The Outlook at tho same time don't
know Mr. Roosevelt.
Speaking of signs of the times, Icok
at Mr. Carnegie, tariff reformer.
Born
On Dec. 17, 1908. to -Mr. and Mis.
Chas. K. Fronk. a boy, their third ion.
Weight ten pounds. All doing well.
Ed Fortmiller, of the U. of O., came
home last night for the holidays.
C. H. NEWS.
Probate:
In estate of S. R. Claypool inventory
tiled, Real property $6000, personal
$2650.50. Personal property ordered
sold.
In estate of C. R. BuMer. will ad
mitted to probate with Minnie F. But
ler aDoointed executrix. Appraisers A.
M. Wilson. C. H. Ralston and Albert
Wilson. $100 is left to each of two
children, all the rest to his wife.
Va ue of DroDertv szuuu.
In estate of Chas. H. Greer, Anna
Greer is appointed administratrix. Ap
praisers, C. H. Ralston, H. Y. Kirk
Patrick and R. E. Wiles,
Marriage license Ira S. Trexler, aged
37, of Scio, and Katie I. Miller, aged 28,
of bhelburn.
Deeds recorded: .
H. W. Croker to R. J. Prince lot
H's 2nd ad $ 380
Ed Kellenberzer to Ida Mayer lot
Lebanon 350
John W ther to N. W. Smith 4 a
Lebanon . . 800
J. W. Steward to Ole Osness30a 1800
H. F. W. Horn ilt on to Unas. M.
Hamilton 30 a 300
Commodore Carey to H. F. W.
Hamilton 40 a
J. W. Driver to Carrie I. Driver
I lot H's 2nd ad 1000
Margaret Cnrs'ens to Anna H.
Dithner 40 a 12 1 W-... ..
Est. Sarah Sprague to S. C. Hyde
& wf 325
Plat A. P. Morris, addition to Leba
non, with 10 lots, filed.
Strange as it may seem there is al
ways a rush for No. 13 of the hunters
licenses. Tom Cummings is already a
prominent candidate for that popular
No. for 1909. Next to that is No. 23.
Deeds recorded.
Jas A. McWillams to D. S. Mc
Williams, 6..68 acres $ 1000
Calvin (Stewart to W. C. Nichol
son, 280 acres 9800
Carroll Springer to John M. Tay-'
lor, o acres ouu
Mortgage for $600.
At the Hotels.
C. D. Thomas, Portland.
C. H. Traer, Corvallis.
S. B. Byars, Portland.
jack Currie, again from Portland.
D. H. Weyant, Salem.
George Morrison, Dundee.
M. Anderson, Toledo.
L. Quimby, Portland.
J. M. Day, Portland.
Geo. Whitesides, Corvallis.
R. L. Wells, Portland.
Mrs. E. M. Abbott, Jacksonville.
H. B. Hall, Portland.
Geo B. Keadv. L. A. Gerhard, after
a trntit- i-irla ul tha Rltr'a hull
L. E. and S. W. Rosebrpok, Portland.
Finch's Defense.
The Oregonian says the defense of J.
A. Finch will now be self-defense, that
it is claimed R. J. Walls and C. M.
Kissinger while on the street saw a
struggle in the office through the win
dow. Several who were intended to be
secured as witnesses the Oregonian says
were crossed out, as follows: G. B.
Milloy, Scappoose; Dr. B. F, and Annie
Martin, uresswell, wnere finch once
resided; Rev. D. H. Leach and M. E.
Minter, Corvallis; P. R. Kelley, Geo.
Gilchrist and S. H. Clevenger, Albany;
Dr. J. L. Hill and Gale S. Hill, Eugene,
meaning Albany.
A Blow Out.
The new commutator at the electric
light' station, put in to run the new
street car, celebrated the event with a
blow out, when being tried, and it was
almost a miracle the man in charge was
not injured. A few pieces flew in a
very live manner. It is being reoaired
and will be ready for use in a day or
two, perhaps so the car can be running
by Monday. The wire is up, but the
connections have not all been completed
at tne depot end
iome Tax Bargains.
C. M. Giddings, of this city has pur
chased the delinquency of the Linn
county tax roll for 1907, aggregating
about $1700, certificates having been
issued him. This will draw interest at
the rate of 15 per cent, and any tax
may be foreclosed at the proper time
A bargain lot of delinquency is that of
the N. P. Co. for $3,047, said tu be a
a very uncertain quantity.
Case Appealed.
Notice of appeal was filed today in
the case of the city against Al. Pea
cock, found guilty by Recorder Redfield.
on the ehargo of ilio violation -f the
liquor nuisance law, and the c ise will
come up in the circuit court for trial
before a jury.
nreome oil iminliiiL'S at Chas. Knechts
by worth noticing. They were done
tB. R. Altern.aU, a young man of
ths city, and display a good deal of
talent, ine scenes aregooa ones.
I PROCURED AND DEFENDED.,"1!
I cum rtuhu. eta.. m in rniiNTRlFI.
r . "
Fwtiws dh-tct Wasting ten vt nw.l
wiry ama t-firm im patent.
Pitint and'lnfriflgtmiht Practice Excluilrtly.
013 KLft'Jk ttrwt, tp. tfnlt4 StatM lttat C
'MM
I
WIS
SCIO.
A Ten Mill Tax Voted for the
Schoo's.
News:
The Scio Milk Condensing Co. is mak
ing contracts for lumber, cans, labels, I
wood, etc.
The News leamB that there is a tale
of scandal in circulation in Scio and
vicinity in which the name of a mem
ber ol one ot our most respected nam
ilies is involved.
Just a bare half-dozen taxpayers at
tended the special school meeting last
Monday afternoon. Voted a . 10 mill
tax.
Mr. E. T. Judd, of the Hazelwaod
Creamery, Portland, was in the city on
Tuesday. Mr. Judd, during a very
pleasant call at our office, informed us
that he had disposed of and delivered
to John I. Shelton, one of the Hazel
wood machines, which is the first ma
chine of this character to be set up in
the vicinity of Scio.
Assessor D. B. McKnight should make
note of the following fact, when he
makes his next year's assessment for
purposes of taxation: A sale of five
timber claims, of 160 acres each, is in
progress and no doubt will be con
sumated, by a timber syndicate which
has large holdings of timber. These
claims are located on Thomas and Crao
tree Creeks, where this syndicate owns
several thousand acrts. The offer to
purchase made is $8000 per claim of $1
per thousand feet stumpage.
AT EUGFNE
The Experiences of the High
School teams.
The high school debaters' and basket
ball players returned this morning from
Eugene, where they had numerous ex
periences yesterday.
In the afternoon the debate occurred,
Messrs Peery and Bryant and Miss
Weaver representing the Albany school
in an able manner. The judges Sena
tor Buchanan, of Roseburg, Prof.
Strong of the U. of O. and Mr. J. J.
Bryan, of Springfield, decided in favor
of Eugene.
In the evening a very fast game of
basket ball was played on a canvas
floor, a poor affair for basket ball. At
the end of time each side had scored 14.
Eugene then ignorantly protested a de
cision of the referee, Prof Marquam,
made in the early part of the game,
and refused to play the game out,
when tne reteree gave it to AiDany c to
1. A protest can only be made after
the game is finished, not during its
progress. Besides there was nothing in
the contention.
The account of the Register this
morning is eminently unfair and besides
is incorrect, mixing things up terrifical
ly. The foul which it says was called by
Umpire Stine-was called by Referee
Marquam himself, and those who saw
the game declare an official could not
have been more fair.
A House Party.
There is an all day house party at
Mr. Fred Fortmiller's today in honor of
N.rs. Jos. Nixon, of Farmington, Wash.,
who has been visiting her different
relatives in the valley for some time.
Besides t!ie Albany people a number
are present from other places'. H Y.
KirkpatricK and family and Mrs. C. H.
Ralston and family and Miss Fannie
Gripes, of Lebanon: E U. Lee. county
clerk, and family, of Eugene, and Mrs.
Dr. Lee, ot J unction. A live crowa oi
relatives, with plenty to eat.
Lebanon,
The E. A:
E. C. Alexander, wife and son Leo
arrived here yesterday from San Fran
cisco and will make their home in this
city. He is a brother of G. L. Alexan
der, is a newspaper man and will assist
in the publication of this paper.
Senator M. A. Millet has purchased
the two buildings occupied by the
bakery and Fitzwater's confectionery
store from G. B. Hansard. He has also
purchased the old blacksmith shop next
to tho city hall from D. H. Curl.
Sports.
Dwyer threw O'Connell at Portland
last night once in an hour. The Ore
gonian says it was a fake, that Dwyer
could have thrown him about as often
as he pleased.
Willie Hoppe, the boy billiardist is
now a man, being 21 yesterday, and
challenges the world.
Multnomah andWhitworthJare to play
at Portland on New Years. Multnomah
evidently wants some money in its
treasury.
Missnll and Knapp's Xmas windows
on Main street are attracting consider
able attention. The neat display of
groceries, arranged in holiday colors
would do credit to a much larger city.
Lee & Neeley announce that they are
in the delivery business to stay, and
promise continued and prompt service.
Christmas is coming. Johnny Kruse
has his trees around the Stetter corner.
George Dooley is up from Columbia
University, for a holiday visit at home.
Roy W. Nutting went to Eugene this
afternoon to spend a few days at Sigma
Nu with Budge Stewart.
Mr. and Mrs. D. Bussard and niece,
Ruth Bussard, came over from ihe Bay
today to spend the holidays at home.
G. F. Skipworth and H. C. Mahon,
of Eugene, returned home this after
noon after a business trip to Albany.
Will Gwynn, a prominent Forest
Grove student and athlete, went to the
Bay this afternoon to spend the holi
days. Or, Silvcrwnod. V. S., Teturnerl last
night from Eastern Oregon, and Idaho,
where he had been examining stock for
tfcc 'government.
MISFITS.
Get in practice swearing off. Now
is a gooa time.
I Ninety-six murders and two hangings.
Get a move on.
Amateur theatrical hugs are always
a show in themselves.
The newspapers have gone into the
cabinet making business.
Albany is a hot number. It snowed
all around but not here.
People wonder how other people can
give such fine presents.
Love letters written by other people
are alwayB silly -affairs.
Wonder if an of the blind pigs will
swear off. Why not try it. j
I The tipping system is gett ng it in
the neck in Chicago. Stab it.
I Castro of Caracas is beneath a foot
ball rush, mashed and battered out of
office. j
It took just a little dinkey revolution,
a south end affair, to put Ca:racas on
ine map.
The small paper is a blessing. It
saves skimming a lot of unreadable
padded matter.
Any way Santa Claus is a reality.
Any man's pocket book on Dec. 26 will
Bwear to that.
A few thousand dollars in pension
checks will help out the Christmas
trade in Albany.
Albany should have a fine high school
building, a credit to the railroad center
of the valley. Think of it.
A woman has as much right to know
where her husband goes as a husband
to know where his wife goes.
Never do anything people can have a
chance to gossip about. It takes a long
time to build up what can be torn down
in a day.
First street along the aides has been
cleaned up for the holidays. Thanks.
( Now, please don't throw your trash
biuiik UK. uuiua.
Things are lively back at Washing-
ton. Tho President has insulted the
Senate, and the New York World has
insulted the President.
A Portland firm who wants to help
circumvent the local option law sends a
circular ottering to send a rich mellow
whiskey, ' aged in wood, etc.
Cleveland became rich on his salary
and Roosevelt has made a good cleanup,
and yet Bourne wants the president's
salary doubled. This is about what he
really gets now.
The drummer who knocks atown be
cause he doesn't happen to sell goods
in it, is in small business. One was
doing that this morning, when an Al
bany man told him he would make a
good fertilizer.
'According to the Telegram leading
physicians of Portland declare the med
ical department of the U. of O. a fake
and a loke. It certainly adds to the
number of scholars and helps spend
money.
The statement is made that America
is in the grip of the opium habit. Also
some other mighty mean habits. But
there are people who say you are inter
fering with our royal American liberty
if you order any of these habits stopped.
A Pullman official before the inter
state commerce commission said port
ers w.r.' tipped because one passenger
wanted better service than others. A
barefaced falsehood. Thev are tipped
in order to secure any kind of service.
But the worst tipping is that of the
dining service waiters, which knock the
porters silly.
Mrs. Miller, of Junction, while on her
way home from Portland, this noon
stopped off on a visit with her sister,
Mrs. M. Brannan.
H. F. Merrill was in Salem yesterday
afternoon looking up the death record
of the late Martin Miller, for the A. O.
U. W., of which he was an old mem
ber. Mrs. E. R. Huston and daughter, of
near Heppner, arrived this noon on a
visit with her mother, Mrs. J. R. Stew
art, and sisters, Mrs. Davis and Miss
Vira Stuart, and many friends. Mr.
Huston will be here tonight,
Mr. and Mrs. E. N. Beach, of Palouse
Wash., have been in the city today, the
guests ot Mr. Beach's sister. Mrs.
George, while on their way to Sandiego.
Calif., to spend the winter, leaving on
the noon train.
Promptly obtained, or FEl RETURN CD. &
BO TIW. iXriRICHCE, W, SHAfeQC ARB
THC LOWEST. Send model, pnoto ur Mkrtoh for
expert Bearch ud free report on patrntablllt.
IPOTINGCMKNT fulls conducted before ill
eoarts. Patents obtained throus-b on. AOvtls.
TlSCDsnd SOLD, free. TPJADK-MARKS, PVN-
BIOMS sad COPYRIGHTS quickly
Opposite U. S. Patent Office,
WASHINGTON, D. O.
TELEGRAPH.
Washington, Dec. 17. Senator Ful
tou prodded Chairman Elkins today in
an effort to get a report on Fulton's
rate bill. Elkins made no reply and
evidently will make n'o report.
Senator Bourne introduced bills mak
ing the salary of the president and vice
president $100,000 and $25,000 respec
tively. He also amended his bill re
stricting the Oregon customs districts.
Portland, Dec. 18. Two men were
arrested today on suspicion of being im-
Slicated in last night's train robbery,
oth are said to answer the descriptian.
The only money secured was $3.30
taken from the messenger and $600
worth of diamonds.
C. H. NEWS
Articles incorporating the Albany
Uonaensed MUK uo. niea. incorpora
tors H. G. Fisher, Henry Lyons. H, M.
Palmer. Capital stock $50,000 in shares
of $100,
Marriage license: E. M. Arehart,
aged 22, and Pearl M. Aldrich, aged 19,
of Lebanon.
Probate:
Will of Mary J. Aunspaugh admitted
to probate. Value of property.' real
$500, personal $565. It leaves $10 to
Thos. Aunspaugh, and all the rest to
Eli Aunspaugh, a son, and Merritt
Aunspaugh, a grandson.
Deeds Recorded:
Araminta Phillips to K. of P's
Scio, part of lot $ 600
M. Burnap to Luzetta Hardman
61.17 acres.- 10
Paul Streitel to Anna M. Sharp
2 lots bl 4 H's 3rd ad 10
C. O. Gentry to E. D. Guernsey
& wf 2 blocks Lebanon 2000
Releases of mortgages for $9400 and
News From Albany's Six
Trains.
Early
It was a busy place around the depot
On the south some men were tearing
down the old baggage room, over which
A. D. Barker officiated for about 35
years. On the north a gang of men
were trying to get the new street car,
sent up from Eugene, because not
enough business there for it, on the
main track ready for business, and
further north Pete Ruettner was sweat
ing in the cool morning breeze, moving
half the depot hotel through the fields
to its new iounaation.
i '
I Mrs. Wilson, wife of the Pacific Tel
ephone Co's manager, and daughter,
returned from an extended visit in San
Jose and Oakland.
' Dr. D. M. Jones came down from
Lebanon and went to Salem for a Sun
day visit.
Miss Buena Bicknell went to Marion
to spend the holidays with her folks.
Lawyer E. E. Wilson, of Corvallis,
I went northward. -
M. v. inter returned from southern
points.
J. R. Wyatt left on a legal trip to
Portland.
! Miss Martha Montague, an Albany
student, went to Portland to spend the
holidays with her folks.
Mr. Rogaway went to Portland on a
business trip.
Prof. Kent returned to Corvallis.
I Mr. and Mrs. G. W. Simpson went to
Portland.
Mr. and Mrs. F. H. Colpitts went to
Portland
R. F. Shier returned to the Gold
Creek mines.
Bert Veal left on a Portland trip.
No 16 was three hours late, and there
were two sections to No. 18, making
seven or eight trains in the yard about
the same time, a regular metropolitan
bus iness.
A Party.
Last evening at her home in the third
ward Mrs. Ambrose Bowers was ten
dered a very pleasant surprise party by
ber neighbors.
The evening was plearantly spent in
games, and contests, after which a deli
cious lunch was served. A novel feat
ure of the evening was the sketching
of each others photo and writing the
names with puzzles. Miss Carma Knox
winning first prize, with Mrs. W. E.
Gilbert capturing the booby. Those
present being:
Madam's G. M. Knox, C. A. Peacock,
W. E. Gilbert. O. B. Neptune, H. E.
Ellsworth, Misses Emma and Clara
Buckner, Carma and Cecil Knox, Edna
Gilbert and Winnie Knox, Masters
Freddie Ellsworth and Jennings Bowers-
During the evening .Miss Carma Knox
was voted the prettiest girl in the third
ward and Mrs. C. A. Peacock the most
popular lady.
College Board Met.
A session of the college board was
held last night, when several important
matters were considered.
The report of the alumni committee
showed good work being done.
A committee was appointed to consult
with a landscape gardener in the mat
ter of the general improvement of the
college grounds, making a gradual de
velopment into a pretty place.
Several improvements in the work of
the college are in contemplation.
A Timber Deal.
Yesterday afternoon Fish & Ho Iges
of this city completed the sale of about
nine hundred acres of timber land in
Benton county towards the west end to
the Noon Lumber Co. of Portland, it
is said the company will establish a
large saw mill four or five miles west
of Philomath, and begin sawing the
coming year.