£
X
F i f t y - f i n t Y e a / ix u.
MS>y,
M ay » , 1909
Official Comity Pape
Moro Council
Moisture Nearly K ents^iool Wins Court Hears Life Mrs Carroll Say rs
- - "* ,w
Fair Board Starts
Considers Street
Declamatory
New Head of
Gone Under
History
of
the
Work on 1939 I
Oiling Program
i
Contest
Woman’s Club
Possibility of oiling some of the Winter Wheat
W
.nners
of
,
the
Declamatory
Mormon Cricket New officers for the coming year County Exhibit
streets 'in Moro is being consid- I
c e n t:st were chosen last Friday
ered by the city council and a
were elected at the Woman Club
/ 'j *. • '< >»
Heavy Draw on Sub-normal
night at Grass Valley when the
Crickefs Live But Little Over meeting last Thrusday. Mrs. Car
meeting was held this week with
Judges Stand To Be Placed
^annual sneaking* competition was
state highway engineers Chandler
rol
Sayrs
will
be
president;
Mrs.
Moisture Caused By Rank
heli- wi.h frjrtc e r, contestants
H u n d re d Days; Have Seven
of Bend and Koons of The Dalles.
O. A. Ramsey, vice president; Mrs.
On Grandstand; Race
jf 'e m the fiv? ech Is taking part.
Unless too much gravel is needed
James
Kenny, secretary and Mrs.
•
..
Growth; Grass Poor
' Oniy four tried out in th h ghe.
Distinct G row th Periods
Program
Adopted
Tentatively
to put the street in sha-pe for oil
|
L.
V.
Moore,
treasurer.
Mrs.
M.
idrririon,— — x,—
t the end of April the deficien-
ing it is thought that the counc:
! G. Melzer was elected director for
officials vtewed
viewed (the th n e year term.
A recent fair board maeting with
will have the wort* done.
; cy in moisture in Sherman county ! I «r Winner
K T 'A n of L A th?* « group composed , . ” A • gioup ~ of BC.> omenu,
! as judged bv the readings at the ‘ 5 th3 children ,n grades one to
crx4cet territory Thursday
Washington, D. C. May 12 - An
all members, Omer Sayrs, Ormand
tv..nA was z ru_,.;~
rj
,
ftinrmr,»
.
*
Mrs.
Aden
Axtell
and
Mrs.
Mel­
The matter of choosing the I . »a jwugea
.
. oy me readings ac tne , three
D enio JLnnagin of corning and decided that the m.
attempt will be made to force to street to be oiled is a matter for
U'*8 2'?2 ln Mn,°
‘econd
Eugene H os-’
weic too scattered to permit vin Sehadewitz were made new Hilderbrand, Roy Barnet, present
Moto, ’ ! second
the floor H. R. 2, the measure the councilmen to decide, but it |
along with LiRoy Wright, secre­
*>n
™r™ T7h T ”*’ ^
nson
of
Kent
an<l
third
was
«*<'<*>ve
work by CCC boyJ Th< members of the club.
l$:nson of Kent
planned to put the Townsend idea appears probable that the street j
iA splendid program .was pre­ tary, was the first start towards
"<**’ 1 h* first Herman Petsrs pf Grass Valley.
that the plea of the county
for old age pensions into effect. from the Foss garage to the court I of September to date.
j - The geeond divkjon compo#ed i court for aid in the fight again«! sented by Mrs. Vernon Miller. Mrs. the 1939 Sherman county fair
The ways and means committee I
E. H. Moore r<»ad a paper written which will be held this year Sep-*
has concluded hearings and listen- i .house is the one nx>st used and ' In March the county received of children in the fourth to sixth Mormon crickets has been denied by Mrs. C. L. Poley on Child Wei t«mrber 15-16 17, the same week
d H. Middleton of Spokane Mil-
ed to witnesses for and against | most favored by the city fathers, t »» «nch o f moisture and the nor grades. was won by Vernvri Mel-
,Mrd Rodman of Pendleton J ,R fare. Mrs. Merrill Oveson talked as the Pendleton Round-up and a
the bill. The committee is still « A twenty foot strip would be - mai rainfall is .91 so at that time zer of Moro with Anna Flint of
on '*Care of Pre-achool Children.” week before the Wasco county
tri ut< d.
' the d e c e n c y was 1.89 instead of Kent second and Betty Bryant of Chenault of Hermiston, camp sup
in executive session, hut there is a ___ ____ ____
fair.
j 1.91 as was at the first of March.- Rufus third.
erintendent and R. B. Ebnes, local Mrs. Karl Melzer talked on ‘‘In­
feeling on the part of supporters I
Some change is being made in
! April, usually a month in which
ruperintendent,
togeth.r
with termediate Ages” and Mrs. R. G. the annual premium list which
of H. R. 2, that the committee will ijp
C
uni
Iff
told
»bout
“The
High
Poipts
Close
the farmer can exp.ct some rain,
Judge Potter went over the crick­
not report the bill on account o f !
School Age.” In recognition of will be printed and ready for dis­
was very dry only .03 t f an inch
In the seventh and eighth grade et infested ar<.a before the deci­ National Music Week, Mrs. Clyde tribution next month unless de*
the administration's opposition tojg^ *
' falling ’'ñatead i f the normal .76
division JackMaxm Borstel of Kent ,. sion was made. It was provided. Simpson of The Dalles demon­ lays are encountered. Premiums
it. Representatives favoring the vOltOnWOOu G t HGC
■ inch. The normal for May is .78 won
first, Glhiys Stone of Waaco
k ?or Inay »* fur
measure have decided to file a pe
will be much the same as befroe.
Louv 1.0^ part o f that amount h a s 1
i---- .
-
nUhed rf the situation become? strated teaching piano lessons to
Shtrman County
entertained
tition to discharge the committee
Macnab
of
pre-school age children, with Bar Race Program Made
fallen ?o far in the month and none
UK re acute.
and bring the bill to the floor for near-ioyalty unawares for a short i , in immediate prospect.
j Kufu’ ,hlr<L
bara assisting.
Dean Pinkerton
debate and vote. It will require time last Thursday evening. The
The race program will also fol
' On a basis of five for first,
played
two
trombone
selections
At a special meeting of the coun­
218 signatures to bring out the hill, state land board on a tour of in­ Moisture Tea's Given
low the general custom with the
three for second and one for third,
from
famous
operas.
Little
Roger
ty court held Tuesday morning it
under the house rules this is the spection of school lands and farms
Peter Quick futurity, the Sherman
Kent made a total of 11 points;
was decided that the county would Miller entertained the club by County Derby and the consolations
Soil moisture in the plots at the
only remedy available if the com- on which school funds have been
Moro, ten; Wasco, three: Rufus
giving
a
recitation.
mittee refuses to report out the loaned, cut across the north end station is nearly exhausted being two and Gram Valley one. The furnish the dust to poison the
The next meeting will be a for them being the big races. It
bill.
1 of this county on its way to The now down to 7.7 and 8.3 percent Kent entrant! were heard at the Mormon crickets with the under­ picnic dinner for members and is possible that an agreement will
• ♦ •
i Dalles, coming by way of the in the well tilled plots of ground. school house before the other standing that each farmer whose their families at the city park at be made with the Wasco county
. Sickness dogs members of Pres- ■ Cottonwood Canyon road. In the Thr use of moisture can be well speakers because of the measles fields were menaced would take neon, on Friday the 19th of May. fair to permit horses from that
charge of the crews on his own
iden Roosevelt’s official* family otlicirl party were Governor Char- understood by the readings of the epidemic feared there.
county to run here and Sherman
place. An effort is oeing made to Mrs. E. H. Moore will direct the county horses to race at Tygh
persistently. . Jfarvin
McIntyre, j les A. Sprague, Secretary of Slate delayed tillage and clean tillage ________________
preparations.
have SCS authorities permit GCC
presidential secretary, has been ! Earl Snell, State Treasurer Wal- plots during April.
Valley. This would give horsemen
Ix
ys to aid in spreading the dust.
out of commission for months. Me- ! ter A. Pearson, Daniel J. Fry, sec-
On March 21 the delayed tillage
a better chance to make some
nt had
h.cl 12.3 percent moisture ‘ F C U C I d l U O V e f n i I i e i 1 1
Robert Every, federal entomol-
Intyte, gaunt of face but smiling, I xetary of the board of control, and plot
West Point Candidates money on their horses.
II 1
D
> I 117
1* charge of cricket and grass
has been the man who said whether Lewis Griffith, clerk of the land , and the clean tillage had 12.4 per T
It was decided to m<jve the
control, attended the meet-
or not anyone could see the presi­ board. The party spent the entire cent,
judge’s stand from the inside of
r
‘ ‘nR *nd told much of the life Fait in Mathematics
April 7 - delayed
dent at the White House. His job week in central Oregon.
10.00
the track, where it has been since
Special to tfie Journal:
habits of the insects and the
clean
was to divide the sheep from the
9.9
fairs
were started, to a position
Special to the Journal:
Washington, D. C., May 12.—A ■wrthoda of control being used in
Apri’ 15 - delayed
9.6
goats, compile the list of appoint­
above the tape on the roof of the
Washintgon, D. C., May 12—All,
plan is being worked out by which , mrions places,
dean
9.7
ments for the president and pro­
grandstand.
This is being done
a weed control district,' the state ' Mormon crick» tj, he said, hatch candidates for West Point who to clear the arena so that spec­
April 24 - delayed
7.7
tect the chief executive from un-
clean
8.3 and the government will cooperate *n • • ’f a spring ' m eggs that are trok the examinations in the Sec­ tators can see the bucking contests
important visitors. Now Charles
«ummer. They ond congressional district failed, to better advantage and prevent
Edison, son of the famed Inventor, I
Wheat cannot take th? soil in eradicating noxious weeds. Part l*id the previo
of
the
plan
Is
to
use
WPA
work-
j
m*y
he
found
ost any place Congressman Walter M. Pierce has - aoetdehts such as happened last
moisture
down
io
less
than
five
is in a serious condition in New
Last Saturday while the w
err.
and
CCC
enrollees,
with
the
cultivated
iund to rocky two appointments to make to West year, when one man was injured
York. Edison, assistant secretary wind was blowing down the street Percent and. B'rain on these plots
state
or
specially
farmed
districts
hillsides.
Wh
tall they stay Point and the next examinations by being thrown against the
of the Navy declined to go to the in great gusts the siren sounded ; *s just ®tarting to head, indicating
most easily will be held in October. The can­ stand.
Navy hospital, where M clnt/re, to bring citizens out of the stores that unless some rainfall comes furnishing the shovels, etc, and *n bunches
didates made poor showing in al-
the
necessary
chemicals.
«filed
at
this
Secretary of Interior Ickes, and all at a high speed. The Dr. Morgan before long there will not be very
gibra and mathematics. Whether No Training To Be Done
The
menace
of
weeds
is
shown
1
the
female
lays
eggs
over
a
senators and representatives w h, bouse was smoking a9 if the en­ substantial crop on these plots.
by the appearance three years ago P*’r,od
several we^ks hatching there ia anything wrong in the
heed hospitalization head for. tire roof was a>bout to cave in.
It is doubtful if horses will be
near Stanfield of a new noxious a ?iO 8t>cs on for some time, and is teaching system in Oregon is a trained by the fair board this year
Claude Swanson, secretary of the When the fire truck had reached Wheat Condi Von Fair
Navy, has been practically an in­ the scene and men and women * Genersi condition of the wheat weed, known as perennial pepper- a,most • continuous process dur question, but the statistics disclose as the 1938 arrangements were
period when the ground that candidates for West Point not entirely satisfactory. Enough
valid for the past four years but had nearly all gathered it was at the station is fair and some grass. It was sent to Oregon
the president will not ask for his dircovared that a hot chimney parts of it look fine. It is the Slate college for identification and i ** warming up. There are seven and the naval academy at Annap­ colts are now in the county to
the life of the crickets olis from that state do not make a make a good futurity race and
resignation and Swanson won’t re- fire h d caused all the excitement grasses that are suffering from foiwarded by the college to Wash- Kta8 ea
ington,
and
finally
was
given
a
.
,
8e
are
inatars. The good showing. Boys who have a these are now being signed up for
sign. With tX-‘ secretary and as- Rnd
..-moke by whirling around the drouth more than the wheat
*s ^ e nearest thing to a vision of going to either of these
sistant secretary unable to p er-. t h , ro(rf appeared u
cominK so far. Instead of tall succulent name. Unknown three years ago, 8V€
that. race.
form, the navy department is now from cvery place at once ,A fln,_ grasses the plot is now filled with it is now becoming a menace in ; •*c<ue t°n * cricket has, so in order institutions now have five months
Mac Banbour will probably here
to
devote
to
intensive
study
of
the
bring directed by Admiral Leahy. man t.ijtn})ed | 0 the roof and pour undersized tough looking plants. various sections east of the Cas- • KTOW R must shed its outer coat.
with
his string of bucking horses
subjects
in
which
they
will
be
ex­
D doesAot move far from its
The secretary of the navy is al- ed a ket, k of water on the fire and It is only the native bunch grass^ ca<kfJ.
again
to provide between the race
i hatching grounds until it has shed amined.
ways a civilian who signs his name
crowd dispersed to talk about es that look anything like normal ________________
thrills.
Other diversions and con­
about three times. Each of these
on the dotted line indicated by his what might have h^m tm d.
this year.
cessions
will be hired between now
periods is from-ten days to two
naval advisors. Another caib ine-________________
Mrs.
Elizabeth
Schaeffer
left
Has
and
the
date
of the fair to provide
The flax experiment is showing
weeks long.
teer far from well is Harry Hop- '
Sunday with Mrs. Woods, for a full three days of education .and
v" with a very good stand, but un
kms, newly appointed secretary of
H a ' n r x - i
Prineville where she will visit for amuseihent, promise the board
Cricket Sheds Often
lvs?» there is more moisture it can-
commerce. Immediately after, an- 1
V ld l-i1 D vvJ. i a
members.
several weeks.
! •’ be expected to produce much
nouncing he wished to bring about
M hen the cricket crawls out of
The
Annual
Mother’s
Day
meet­
r*
ther
a
crop
or
evidence
of
business recovery and restore con­ Bride Sunday
w h't might be done with it in this ing of the Wasco Study club was its shell it hangs from a stalk
fidence Hopkins* old complaint ,
...
,
held at the Methodist church on with its hind legs, styetches its
county.
(a stomach ailment), caused him! A c,uiet weddmg wa, sOle=nnjed
Thursday afternon, May 4th, muscles and breaks the shell along
to give his office the «bsent treat-!
,hc hom?J
“ r- ard Mrf;
honoring the elder mother’s of the its back, whiggles out and drop?
e •
ment, although he was able e to I ! Coat. » , ouutuiy
Sunday LiirriHMJn
afternoon h at i “
community. Each member of the to the ground. The process takes
visit Hyde Park when the presi^ o’clock, when their daughter Ida
club brought a guest who was from ten .to fifteen minutes and
dent was entertaining royal guests. becan.e the bride of 'Mr. Carl F.
able couple, an4 again the beef-
piesented with a corsage. Part of within a short time the cricket is By A. L. Lind beck
Thomas Corcoran (Tommy the R>rt«bman of Benton county. Ore- Dies in Arlington
To the average resident of Ore­ ,steak dinner at the Herman Oliver
the afternoon’s entertainment was ready to go again although some­
Cork), who has participated in R e ­
what changed in color. Each new gon, those whose acquaintance ranch ttwo miles out of John Day
drafting much of the controversial r ATxut twenty five friends and Mrs. A. L. (Lena) Huff, died at 'n exhibit of antiques which were shell is darker than the previous with the state is confined to that in Grant county where most of the
displayed in the church parlor
legislation in the past two years r relatives were present to witness
her home in Arlington last Wed
one until adult crickets are near region lying west of the cascade« party for the first time in their
and who is an important member the ceremony. Th? young couple ntsday night after an illness of iroceding the program: Welcome ly black.
‘he expression ‘‘wide open spaces” extensive gastronomical experience
of ’the little inside group at the will make their home in Corvallis. several months. Her hu'band address by Mrs. Maud Akers;
After
adulthood
is
reached
the
is
just a nice sounding phrase, red­ discovered just what a properly
White House, is recovering from a R*v. F. L. Cannell was the offleiat- Link Huff, is well known in Sher­ »tar Soangled Banner,solo by Mrs. insects eat eartily for two or
olent of sage brush and greese- cured and properly prepared beef­
Lois
Hilderbrand;
Ladies
Sextette
man county, having lived here for
major surgical operation. J. D ing m nis'er.
‘H^art Divine” and “I’m a Pil­ three w'eeks and begin laying eggs. wood and grazing herds.e To truly steak tastes like.
many years when younk-
Ross, administrator of Bonneville I ------------------------
The female is equipped with a appreciate the vastness of those
It was not my first visit to cen­
who was to be the head man f o r 1 Glen King was in* Prineville Huff was 81 years cf age when she grim.” Vocal solo, Mrs. Mary An- long ova posterior with which they wide open spaces that lie east of tral Oregon .but it was the first
hews;
dialogue,
Patsy
Needham
the president’s plans for public Saturday to bring back a calf for died. Mr. and Mrs. Ernie Moore
nd Patiicia Kasetberg; piano duet, bury the eggs in the earth about the Cascades one must visit the time I had ever traveled so far
attended the funercl.
power in Washington, Oregon and Bffb’s í h b work.
Alma Jean McMullen and Marian a quarter of an inch deep, laying region in person as did this writer from the beaten path for the Land
Idaho, passed away two months
li'cws; vocal duet, Marian Crews around 160 eggs each. The fer last week, trailing the State I>and Board after all was out to inspect
ago. John Nance Garner, heir
—
end Idabell? Suencer; solo, Mar­ tility is very high and teats have Board on its inspection of school school lands and most of that is
presumptive as vice-president, has
r T Q C e c d lîïS S F
MOV
garet Johnson; skit, Spring is been made which indicated that lands of which the state still owns still left in possession of the state
been laid up with lumbago. Pres- •
o
✓
fere, Mrs. Nellie Fields and Mrs. about 96 percent of the eggs more than 700,000 acres scattered lies far removed from the inhabit­
sure under which top-flight admin­
‘hroughout the public domain that ed centers. Much of the trip was
Trrv Andrews. Mrs. William hatch.
istration officials work, plus Wash­
After
the
egg
laying
period
the
constitutes
more than 80 percent over uriimproved mountain roads
Clot her was the pianist for the
ington climate, is largely respon­
crickets die and each years crop of central Oregon.
and thtough v a s t- expanses of
occasion.
The
program
was
in
COUNTY COURT PROCEED­ Bank for cancellation of. certain
sible for . the sick list. Illness
is
new.
Their
entire
life
history
The trip of the land board was grazing lands wiiere the only signs
p rsonal property taxes. The Coun­ '<e ring with Music Week.
among members of congress is INGS, MAY TERM, 1939
is
not
much
over
100
days.
anything
but a pleasure junket of a road consisted of two ruts
Refreshments were served in the
•May 3rd, 1939, being the time ty Clerk is directed to instruct th-
common.
Work in this area, said «Mr although its monotonous hours of through the sage-brush. Much of
church
parlor.
Mrs.
E.
D.
McKee
for th? regular term of the Coun­ Sheriff and Tax Collector of Sher­
Every, is »bout six weeks late and
the time the official party was 50
Aviation School
ty Court of Sherman County in man County to cancel certain per? and Mrs. Frank Lamiborn poured it will be difficult to make much Iriving through mile after mite to 75 miles from any kind of
of dusty sage-covered grazing land
No mention has been made pub- th' S ^ te of Oregon, the Honor- sonal property taxes charged at a beautifully decorated table.
headway, in killing the crickets thus vas not entirely devoid of pleasant communication except for the m ost,
licly yet for-plans for the navy to Ilbl(, County Court did meet on the against certain described lands
year
as they are badly scattered. incidents. There were, for instance, primitive type of rural telephone.
use Tongue Poin,t at the mouth of j ga,-d
jn tke County Court Said taxes chargd for the year
Control
should be attempted, how­ side trips to various points of in­
Leaving Salem Monday morning
the Columbia river, as a school , rr, : , fke Court House at Moro, 19.30 in the sum bf $6 93 and for Lamb Show Being
ever, as it .will reduce the danger terest including the Malheur re­ the official party first visited the
for training navy aviation reserve j Oregon at the hour of 8:30 o’clock the year 1931 $2.81.
from a more serious infestation serve for migratory waterfowl Warm Springs Indian reservation
officers. Conditions in the estuary a m
Re: Monthly report of County Made Ready
next yedr.
where the new air-base is to bet
fo|iowjng. were present:
and the logging operations of the for a first hand view of the crick­
Tieasurer.
Approved
and
order
This was the impression of mos*: Hines lumber company at Seneca. et infestation which is found to be
located are ideal for training pur- . Judge GeO- A< potter
eil filed.
The Sherman County Lamlb of the farmers who gave theii But best of all there were the re- every bit as serious as represent­
poses with amphibian planes. No Ciim'm ^’oner David Reid
Show,
? t for May 20, at Wasco, opfnion at the meeting and was eptions with which the official; ed with CCC boys and Indians
'R-: Rattle Snake Road. Thp
other navy air-base is so well s u it-; Commissioner J. M? Wilson
is
beir.g
prepared for by commit­ the reason for the action of the party was greeted at every stop, fighting the invaders with poisoi
a ..*»
-r Ix»ster
t
a
t v
ed breaking in pilots as the Col- Distric' i Att
y T.
Johnson
: County
, . • Court decision cn peHtUn
’
tees
appointed
from the memlber- court.
*■
al,
fil?d
Ja
n
­
.u
of
A.
E.
Sharp,
e
receptions that displayed a quality sprays but apparently doing littls
umbia affords anvple room, free Clfrk Joe- Truitt
?h:o
of
the
'Wasco
Civic club.
Burning of dry grass land wa? of whole-hearted hospitality that to stem the invasion. .The over­
uary 4 to close road known as th"
from obstructions, with sufficient
The following proceedings were
Already the lots on a main street not considered a good method ae leaves no room far dotflyt as to its night atop that night was at Bend
R at'le Siake County Road was in­
protection for taking off and land­ had at said term .
corner
have been made ready for it acattets the crickets. Furrow­ sincerity. Thera
definitely
postponed.
banquets Tuesday the route .led first te
ing. There is a possibility that
In th? m atter of the payment of
Tongue Point will become the prin­ cia:ms presented against the Gen- . In the matter of the Road View- the pens that will enclose the ing against them is a good meth­ and dinners by civic and service Prineville where all hands includ­
cipal training center for navy ;e r a l Fund. Claims allowed as ! <r’» report for the opening and lombi»- brought to the «how. An od When it can be one with a deep d iA s and chambers of commence ing Governor Sprague, Secretar}
fliers in coming years.
establishing of a County Road Id^- efl’n’ t is bring made to have Dick enough farrow with steep sides; at Bend, Burna, Pendleton and The of Stsrte Snell and State Treasurei
! presented and ordered paid. • -
Fi"hnrls. superintendent of 'the sheet iron fences may be used tr
Pearson were treated to . “tick
Blocking Legislation
v In the matter of the payment ented near the old Dabie Print I ’p*on live stock experiment sta­ stop them, but are very expensive. Dalles and even more enjoyable
than these was the dinner at the shots’* as a precaution again«*
When the house of represents-
claims presented against, the School Hou?e. Report presrnted
tives is working on the consent. Road p und. Claims allowed and to the County Court to be cons:d- t'd«. mme to judge the 4air(bs. The best method so far found is H. F. Severance ranch 76 miles s o tte d fever. Thence up the
calendar, a single objection is oulered paid.
ered nt thoir n xt regular session, n >?ter? are out for the Shrepher- to dust £hem with hydrated lime up the Crooked river from Prine­ Crooked river to Paulina with a
b
Ball which will be held in and calcium arsenate which is now ville where the official party ar­ stop at the Severance for dinner,
sufficient to hold-up or defeat a
Re: The petition of Geo. B. June 7, 1939.
the
evening
to raise funds for th' being doae here. Machines used
then across country, over a nar­
bill. For instance, a representa- Gutherie, Receiver of Oregon-
Court adjourned, subject to ca^l prize money. The advance ticket are a circular (blower that is tura- rived just in time to participate row forest road around _ Maury
in
the
celebration
of
the
'
silver
’
(Continued on page four)
Washington Joint Stock L<nd
(Continued on Page two)
sole hns been satisfactory to date.
wedding anniversary of that estim­
Continued on Page Two
Continued on Page Two
;
VlOVviilOl IlaVClS
I /* 1
1 ’
IO Help Lontol Weeds* hopper
Firemen Fight
1 Clp- Firp
»MM* IITv
Wasco Study Club
Moth ei’s Day Meeting
| J
1*0011^ KeSldeilt
C o U ff
Board of Control Views School
Lands in Eastern Orégon
OF
Shows Postponement of Petition
were
i