CUPS AND SAUCERS
TABLE APPURTENANCES THAT
ARE COMPARATIVELY MODERN.
Originally Cups Were Ola. Flaring Af
fairs, While Saucers Were Small,
Just the Reverse of Those
of Today.
The cup and saucer Is n modern In
vention unknown In' the ilnys of the
sixteenth century. Howls of various
sires graced the banquet boards of
King Hal and Queen Hess, hut cups
came In only with the Introduction of
such drinks as tea and coffee.
The beverages of the sixteenth cen
tury were water, mead, sack and nle.
In the middle of the next century came
tea, and with It the Chinese or "china"
teacup. Strangely enough, the men
who Imported It from the Orient did
not themselves understand the method
of Its use, as possibly the conservative
Britisher preferred to Invent a style
of his own.
The Chinese put a pinch of tea Into
a cup filled with boiling water, and
then Inverted a saucer over the re
ceptacle, within whose rim It closely
fitted. The object was partly to retain
the heat, but chlelly to prevent the
escape of the fragrance of the herb,
which Chinese olfactories found most
delicious. The Infusion was permitted
to stand for five minutes, when It was
decanted Into a second cup without a
saucer and daintily sipped therefrom
John Bull, however, emphatically
declined to take his tea In Chinese
fashion, lie liked the appearance of
the ornamental ware upon his table,
but he insisted on placing the cup In
the saucer, like a Miniature tlower
pot, and used exclusively to drink
from, preparing the beverage In
common Instead of an Individual re
ceptacle.
In course of time England began the
manufacture of cups and saucers, and
pictures which have been preserved
from the days of the Stuarts show
nig, iiaring cups, rour inches across
the top, with saucers less than three
Inches In diameter. By degrees one
dwindled and the other expanded, tin
til in the middle of the nineteenth cen
tury the opposite extreme was renched
and fashionable tea services had cups
only an inch and a half In diameter,
accompanied by five-Inch saucers.
The handle of the teacup came from
Mediterranean lands. Originally It
was made of thick and strong earth
enware and applied to heavy Jars and
lamps. Its decorative possibilities
popularized it with Greek and IComun
potters, who extended Its use to small
nmphors and flagons; but, as the word
"amphor" Indicates, the handle was
double, like that of the bouillon cup
today. Single handles crept Into use
by slow degrees and were probably ap
plied to drinking cups about the time
that coffee came Into vogue In south
em Europe, the beverage being taken
almost at the boiling point, so thai
some device for lifting the cup with
out burning the fingers was found de
sirable.
Traveling slowly northward, the one
handled coffee cup finally reached
Great Britain, where Its merits wert
immediately recognized. It was not
bcig before handles were applied to
drinking utensils of every description.
Sugar Cane in Arizona.
Sugar cane Is being raised In Ari
zona for the first time to any extent.
Some 1,200 acres of the Salt Itlver
valley are under cultivation, and next
season tills acreage will be increased
to 0,000. This Innovation Is predicted
to be the beginning of an extensive In
dustry, as the valley lands of both Ari
zona und New .Mexico are considered
well suited for the growth of cane, und
the higher lands can also be cultivated
where Irrigation may be had.
Up-to-Date Taxidermy.
A Philadelphia taxidermist, who Is a
naturalist and hunter as well, bus 'not
ed the fuct that hitherto little atten
tion has been given to the expression
of the eyes in the stuffed animals pre
pared at great expense for the large
museums. lie says that the same eye
is as likely to be used for a camei as
for a Hon. He Is now employing a
skilled portrait painter to go to the
Philadelphia zoo and make studies of
the eyes of the various kinds of ani
mals. These eyes are carefully mount
ed, and glass eyes will be copied from
them, with the certainty of securing
for each animal the eye having tho
distinct characteristics of Its species.
It Is claimed that the eyes of anlmuls
differ ns much in expression as thoso
of humun beings.
Period of Adjustment
"Why do they say that tho first year
of mnrrled life Is nlmost tho most dif
ficult?" "Becnuso that's the time sho
lias to get used to tho fact that he Isn't
making all the money In tho woijd,
und ho has to adjust himself to tho
discovery that Ills little angel has a
temper and uses It at times." (
5TAIN1!!C
SOMt CT THE.
F
OR sovcral yenr3 congress 1ms
been urged to glvo n now lease
of life to one of tho most in
teresting Institutions in Wash
ingtonthe National Botanic Garden
by roxnovlng it to a 400-acrc tract
in Bock Creek park. One need only
walk through tho garden to opprecl
ato the need for such a change.
Tho giant palms in tho conserva
tories aro crowding tho panes of glass
out of tho roofs of tho buildings In
which they are housed. Raro trees and
plants encroach upon ono anothor,
pushing and struggling In their fights
for Ilfo and beauty. Exotics that havo
been coaxed to fruit and fiowor In
their perfection in past years aro
being persuaded to do so now, under
present conditions of congestion, only
by tho hardest kind of labor on tho
part of tho gardeners.
In this beautiful gardon, started by-
George Washington, ono meets pcoplo
from all over tho United States, says
tho Washington Star. A me ecu for
school children, teachers, bridal cou
ples and other tourists, as well us men
and women of purely scientific turn
of mind, each season that passes gives
It some new attraction, each year adds
to Us collections.
Recently tho garden has bocn par
ticularly enriched by tho successful
growth and fruiting of tho Carica pa
paya, under tho loving caro of tho
superintendent, Georgo W. Hess. This
papaya is something Ilko the papaw
of tho mlddlo West, and is also known
as tho melon papaw. It Is, however, a
tropical fruit, known In tropical coun
tries as tho melon zapote. It comes
from Mexico and Central America,
and tho two young trees In tho bo
tanic garden bear witness to tho fact
that tho present occasion Is the first
time tho fruit has been produced in
Washington.
Superintendent Hess explained how
he happened to be able to produco tho
fruit hero.
"Thcso zapoto trees," ho said, "woro
mated by mo. They havo been In tho
botanic garden, I suppose, about four
teen or fifteen years, In separato
places, but I found out that they
wero male and female of the species,
and put them together, and they pol
linated, with the result that they fruit
ed for tho first time."
Too Crowded to Be Seen.
Hero is a garden, an exhibition of
great scientific, educational and ro
mantic Interest to say nothing of tho
blta of history entwined about many
of Us tree3 and plants which Is so
filled with raro specimens that tho
average visitor cannot seo them be
cause of tho way ono Is hidden by tho
other. Among the most beautiful cre
ations of nature, tho poor stunted
trees and plants reach out toward tho
aklcs for their "ploco In tho sun,"
their Pharo of tho air, that thoy may
thrlvo and silently teach tho lesson
of the beautiful.
Here is to bo found, really living
and growing, a cedar of Lebanon, such
as Is spoken of in tho Biblo, growing
and thriving only on ono sldo bocauso
it Is crowded too much on tho other.
Horc also Is to bo found tho euphorbia
splendens, tho "crown of thorns," also
mentioned in tho Biblo. From tho
sawdust" of tho former Is made tho
Incenso used In Greek and Roman
Catholic churches, highly pleasing to
tho olfactory norves. From tho lattor
comes a milky sap said to bo poison
ous. It obtains its namo from Its
principal characteristics, which aro
thorns and growth in circles.
Tho botanic garden is rich In raro
foreign plants. Thousands of natural
ized forclgnors, as well as school
teachers, their pupils and scientists
Interested in arborculturo, botany and
tho other branches of plant and trco
life, constantly visit tho gardon to boo
thoso specimens, u
Tho myrtus communis of southorn
Europo has recently boon tbo causo of
many trips to tho gardon by Jewish
GAP
EM
, 4aA"..,Nl
HCT HOUSCi
rabhls of Washington. This plant la
used by them In tho synagogues dur
Ing tho Succoth. If a plant can bo
found with three leaves, Bomothlng
llko tho three-lent clover, thoy cheer
fully pay ns much oh llvo dollars for
It. It is said at tho gardon that a
grower In tho West has found n way
to produco tho threo-lenf variety and
that ho Is advertising it for sale and
doing a good business.
Some Rare Forolgn Plants.
A walk through tho conservatories
shows this and many othor foreign
plants. One sees thu greater palms
pushing their way through tho glass
window roofs, at times, and tho low
height of thcso roofs Is the causu of
great troublo to tho caretakers and
attendants.
Hero is a Washington Hlafera, a gi
gantic California palm, the largest in
tho conservatory. Iloro Is a watnpoo
tree, from China, which attracts tho
Chlnoso of tho Pennsylvania avonuo
colony, and which produces an edi
ble fruit, used for preserving and also
for a medicine. Hero Is a marlmosa
nlba, tho sensitive plant, so-called,
from South America. Ono variety
cloaca and shrivels, If touched, an
othor closos at night, as a bird closes
Its wings and settles down, as It to
sloop. Elsowhoro is tho gambogo,
which produces tho best sort of oil
for artists, which Is also edlblo and
which also produces a medlclno. -In
another place Is tho Arabian coffee
plant. In still anothor tho Indian
breadfruit, which looks something like
a grapofrult. Nearby, la a "travolors"
troo" from Madagascar, which tho na
tives tap and from which thoy obtain
water In tho dcsorL Thoro aro In
censo trees from India, Japanese
plums, gorgeous, scarlet hyblscus, al
ligator pears, and thoro aro, also,
bananas, tho fruit of tho lattor grow
ing In Washington, It you ploaso.
Tho conservatory is rich in tho fig
family, many specimens bolng gath
ered hero, some of which produco rub
ber and soma fruit. Tho fig of com
morco bolongs to tho rubber family.
Then thoro Is tho inga (not Inca, of
course) of Peru, tho most beautiful
oak holly from southorn Europo, wild
dato palms which fruit In winter, rat
tan palms, malacca palms, sago and
tapioca.
Nearby aro nlso to bo found tho
nephollum longanum, so familiarly
known to our childhood as tho lychoo
or Incline nut tho Chlnoso Christmas
nut. Ono finds hero, too, tho choco
late plant, which has a fruit llko tho
lima boan.
Thero aro also hotels, nuts which
tho East Indian troops now in Franco
lighting for England, aro roportcd to
navo necn lumistteu uy mo iiniiBii
government that thoy may chow thorn,
too largo a doso of which Is said to
produco a stupor. Thoro la hemp,
from which ropo Is mado, and thoro
is tho Clivla, a beautiful lily from tho
Capo of Good Hopo, named for Lord
Cllvo, famous as ono of tho oarllor
viceroys of India.
Outsldo the Conservatory.
Outsldo of tho conservatory thoro
aro hundreds of interesting plants and
trees. Ono of thcso Is an acacia plant
ed by General Grant. Anothor is tho
Hottentot poison treo. It has a for
mldablo name no less than toxlco
phlaca spectabllls, or acocanthora.
This is the Bo callod "ordeal" trco of
Madagascar of which suspoctod as
woll as guilty porsons In tlmos gone
by havo boon compelled to eat. Tho
"ordeal," to tost whother suspicion
was Justly founded, always bo proved,
according to tho bellof of tho Hotten
tots, for tho suspected poraon who was
obliged to cat of it alwaya dlod. At
tho botanic gardens it is said to bo tho
most poisonous of plants. It is said
that a seed no longer than an almond
suffices to kill twenty porsons.
To mako good uso of lolsuro Is difficult
INSURING LIVES OF OTHERS
Practice That Is Largely Prevalent
Though It li Illegal How It Is
Done In tho Trenches.
A recent enso bofnro the courts
throw considerable light upon the
penchant so mo pcoplo havo for specu
Intlng lu other people's lives, Ono
woman hold life Insurances on her
parents, her children, her mothor-tn
law, hor brothers and sovornl friends
Of course that sort of thing Is lllogal,
but it scorns to bo n flourishing bust
hush novortholesn.
But hopo delayed innketh tho heart
sick and aftor tho Insurers huvo kept
tho premiums pnld up to protty well
the nmouiit thoy would gain from tho
Insurnnco compnny. thoy nuu their
profit molting nway and call tho law
to free them from their Investment
claiming tholr premiums buck on all
oorts of Ingenious defenses.
Rnthor n rotton business, but wo are
assured that It Is much more pruva
lent than wo have an Idea of. There
must bo n tremeiidous temptation to
nsslut fate at tlmos, and In any enso.
when relatives form tho chief Invest
meut on thcso lines. It must bo rather
oxnsporatlng to hnvo them politely In
form us that thoy aro "qulto woll,
thank you."
Ono recalls that scandalous "comic"
song that had such n voguo a whllo
back wherein an Irritated hubby sang
that ho was stony broko with a wad
of dough staring him In tho facet
Homo of tho stories of tho "swoop-
stakos' in tho trenchos arc equally
disturbing. Tho namo of each man In
tho roglmont going Into nctlon Is put
Into a hat and overy man puts up a
franc. Tho money Is divided between
all thoso who drow tho namo of a
man who Is still allro or unwoundod
at tho end of tho dayl A soldlor can
spllo a chap holding his namo by de
liberately courting tho attentions of a
bullet. On the othor hand. It tonds
to mako thorn tenderly considerate of
each others' lives and urgent admont
tlons to "lako carol" aro not neces
sarily disinterested.
For Another Euripides.
It somo poot or dramatist as groat
as Euripides woro to rlso from tho
wreck of this war and wrlto of what
ho had scon ho could not bettor tho
denunciation In "Tho Trojan Womon"
which runs, In part. "How aro yo
blind, yo troadors down of cities, . . .
youraolvos so soon to dlo." Thoso
linos woro spoken whon this play was
prosonted In tho now stadium of tho
City collego. Thoy brought homo to
all who heard them tho sickening real
ization that Europo has sloughed off
Its vonoor of civilization and Is back
whoro It was six centuries before tho
birth of Christ, whon anclout Grooco,
too, believed that sho had omorgod
from barbarism and did not seo tho
ruin thon Impending. In Franco, in
Bolglum, in northern Italy and on tho
windy plains of anclont Troy Itself tho
shado of Euripides might again de
nounce thoso "that cast tomplos to
dosolatlon and lay wasto tombs, tho
untroddon sanctuaries whero Ho tho
anclont dead." In morals and lust for
blood Europo has reverted to tho days
of tho cavo man.
Devil's Bible.
Tho so-callod Devil's Biblo Is In tho
Royal Palace library of Stockholm,
Sweden. It Is u hugo copy of tho
Scriptures, wrltton upon 300 prepared
asses' skins. Ono tradition declares
that It took llvo hundred yoars, or
from tho eighth to tho thlrtoonth cen
tury, to mako tho copy, which Is so
largo that it has n table to Itself. An
other tradition affirms that tho work
was dono In a Blnglo night by n monk,
with tho assistance of his sntanlc ma
Joaty, who, when tho work was coin'
ploted, gavo tho monk n plcturo of
himself for tho frontispiece whoro,
nmld Illuminated Incantations, It Is
still to bo soon; hence the namo. This
marvelous munuscrlpt wan cnrrlod off
by tho Swedes during tho Thirty
Yoars' war from a convont lu Prague
Honey Shortage In Britain.
Even tho boo fools tho war. Oor
many has always boon tho largest buy.
or of American honey, but this year
has takon only $10,000 worth. Thoro
Is a honoy shortago In England, how
ovor, and our boos may bo happy yoL
Takon altogether, according to official
roporta coming to tho department of
commorco, Amorlcan boos havo bo
havod handsomoly this year. Thoy
havo mado an unusually largo crop,
tho avorago ylold bolng 30.2 pounds
for ovory colony, as compared with
32.2 pounds last yoar.
Our ordinary crop Is 60,000,000
pounds, and it will bo groator than
that thlB year. Prlcos aro down, how
ovor, bocauso of tho shifting market
and hoary ylold, and also bocauso of
a vory much hoavlor crop In tho West
Indies, which Ib handled hero. This
country has never sont much honoy to
England, Only $4,000 worth wont
thoro last year.
Conscience Fund Grows.
The (Jnltod States treasury con.
eclenpo fund Is growing. It now ex
ceeds $600,000, received from smua
glors, tax dodgers and others
Most Eminent Medical
Authorities Endorse It.
Dr. Eberlo nml Dr. BrAtuiwalto m
woll as Dr. Simon all distinguished
authors areo that whatavor may bo
the disease, tho urine seldom falls In
furnishing us with n cluo to tho princi
ples upon which It Is to bn treated,
and ncourato knowledge concerning tho
nature of diseoso can thus bo obtained.
If baokaohn, scalding tirlno or frequent
urination lxithor or tllstrc s you, or If
urlo acid in the blood has caused rliou
tnatlsm, gout or sciatica or you sunpocl
kidney or bladder troublo lust wrlto Dr
Pierce at tho Surgical Instltuto, Buffalo,
N.Y.j roiul n miutplo of tirlno nud do
Bcrlbo symptoms. You will receive frea
medical advlco after DnPlerce'schrmliit
lias examined tho urlno this will bo
carefully douu without charge, and you
will lw under no obligation. Dr. I'lorco
during many yearn of experimentation
lias discovered n new remedy which ho
finds Is thlrty-eovoii times more power
ful than lltlila In removing uric acid
from tho system. If you are tmlferlnn
from backache or the pains of rhrunw
tlsm, co to your bent druggist and alc
for a Ml-cent 1mx of u Anuria" put tin
bv Dr. Plurce. Dr. Pierce's l-'avurltu
Prescription for weak women and Dr.
Pierce's Golden Medical DUcnvrry for
Iho blood havo been favorably known
or the post forty years nnd more. They
aro standard remedies to-day ns well
as Doctor Plorcu's Pleamint Pelleto for
tho liver and bowels. You can get n
ample of any one of tbeco rcmcdlci
by wilting Dr. Pierce.
Doctor rierco's PollcUi aro uncqualed
tw a Liver Pill. One tiny, i'uoar-oxifrd
J'tltet (i Dose. Guru Hick Headache,
Bilious Headache, Dizziness, Constipa
tion, Indigestion, Bilious Attacks, and
all deraugemoutaot tho Liver, titotuacl
and Bowels.
BUTTE RFAT GONE UP
If you r looking for Prompt Kturn,
Good TrUai m Square 01. tntlio
your nit fthlpmtnt of Crm lu
HAZELWOOD CO.,
rOKTLAND.
The Home of the SitufieJ Shipper"
Learned Something.
"What's the matter with Flubdub!
ie used to clulm that our politicians
wero the most unscrupulous lu tho
world."
"He has been trnvollng abroad. I
think It wus a great blow to his clvlo
pride when he found they were not."
Louisville Courier-Journal.
Thread of Interest.
"This cookbook ought to be popu-
ar."
"Why so?"
"There's a love story mixed In with
tho recipes." l.oulavlllu Courier-
Journal.
Foolish
Man.
that
Can't
say I llko
new hat of
yourn,"
"Yet you liked It In tho storo."
"Well. It did look protty whon thu
girl tried It on."
Then the troublo started. Louis
vlllo Courlor-Journal,
8tlcks There.
Tho man who drops his anchor In
tho Slough of Despond never gotB nuy
farther. Answers.
HOW MRS. BEAN
MET THE CRI
Carried Safely Through Change
of Life by Lydia E. Pinlclmm'a
Vegetable Compound.
Nnahvlllo(Tcnn.--"Whcn I was going
through the Change of Llfo I had a tu-
imor as largo as a
child's head. Tho
doctor said It wan
tliroo years coming
and gavo mo medl
clno lor It until I
wus called away
from tho city for
somo time. Of
course I could not
go to him then, so
myslstcrln-law told
mo that sho thought
Lydla E. Plnkham'B Vegetable Com
pound would euro iL It helped both
tho Chango of Llfo and tho tumor and
when I got homo I ilUl not nml t)ie docUir.
I took tho rinkhum remcdlos until tho
tumor was gono, the doctor sold, and I
havo not felt it since. I tell everv ono
how I was cured. If this lotter will
holp others you aro wolcome to uso IL"
Mrs. E. II. Dean, G26 Joseph Avenuo,'
Noshvlllo, Tcnn.
Lydla E. Plnkham'i Vegetable Com-
pound, a puro remedy containing tbo
extractive nronertios of irnod nld fn)i.
loned roots und herbs, meets tho needs
of woman's syBtcm at this critical period
of hor llfo. Try It 1
If thoro In any nymntoni in voiir
case which nir.zcn you, wrlto to
the Lydla 13. Plnkham Medicine
Co., Lynn, Mass,
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii
mm