CUPS AND SAUCERS
TABLE APPURTENANCES THAT
ARE COMPARATIVELY MODERN.
Originally Cups Were Dig, Flaring Af
fairs, While Saucers Were Small,
Just the Reverse of Those
of Today.
The cup nnd saucer Is n modern In
vention unknown In the days of the
sixteenth century. Howls of various
sties Rnicetl the banquet boards of
King Hal and Queen Ness, but cups
came In only with the Introduction of
such drinks as tea and coffee.
The beverages of the sixteenth cen
tury were water, mead, sack ami ale.
In the middle of the next century came
tea, and with It the Chinese or "china"
teacup. Strangely enough, the men
who Imported It from the Orient did
not themselves understand the method
of tts use. as possibly the conservative
Britisher preferred to Invent a style
of his own.
The Chinese put a pinch of tea Into
n cup filled with boiling water, and
then Inverted a saucer over the re
ceptacle, within whose rim It closely
lilted. The object was partly to retain
the heat, but chletly to prevent the
escape of the fragrance of the herb,
which Chinese olfactories found most
delicious. The infusion was permitted
to stand for live minutes, when It was
decanted into a second cup without a
saucer and daintily sipped therefrom.
John Hull, however, emphatically
declined to take his tea lu Chinese
fashion. lie liked the appearance of
the ornamental ware upon his table,
but he Insisted on placing the cup In
the saucer, like a miniature llower
pot. and used exclusively to drink
from, preparing the beverage lu a
common instead of an individual re
ceptacle. In course of time England began the
manufacture of cups and saucers, and
pictures which have been preserved
from the days of the Stunrts show
big, daring cups, four inches across
the top, with saucers less tlian three
inches In diameter. By degrees one
dwindled and the other expanded, un
til in the middle of the nineteenth cen
tury the opposite extreme was reached
and fashionable tea services had cups
only an inch and a half In diameter,
accompanied by five-Inch saucers.
The handle of the teacup came from
Mediterranean lands. Originally It
was made of thick and strong earth
enware and applied to heavy Jars and
lamps. Its decorative possibilities
popularized it with Greek and Iloman
potters, who extended Its use to small
umphors and flagons ; but, as the word
"amphor" indicates, the handle was
double, like that of the bouillon cup
today. Single handles crept Into use
by slow degrees and were probably ap
plied to drinking cups about the time
that cofTee came Into vogue In south
ern Europe, the beverage being taken
almost at the boiling point, so that
some device for lifting the cup with
out burning the fingers was found de
sirable. Traveling slowly northward, the one
liundled coffee cup finally reachi-d
Jreat Britain, where Its merits wen
immediately recognized. It was not
lo-ig before handles were applied to
drinking utensils of every description.
Sugar Cane In Arizona.
Sugar cane is being raised in Ari
zona for the first time to any extent.
Some 1.200 acres of the Salt River
valley are under cultivation, and next
season this acreage will bo Increased
to .1,000. This Innovation Is predicted
to be the beginning of an extensive In
dustry, as the valley lands of both Ari
zona and New Mexico are considered
well suited for the growth of cane, and
the higher lands can also be cultivated
where Irrigation, may be had.
Up-to-Date Taxidermy.
A Philadelphia taxidermist, who Is a
naturalist and hunter as well, has not
ed the fact that hitherto little atten
tion has been given to tho expression
of the eyes In the stuffed animals pre
pared at great expense for the large
museums. He says that tho same eye
Is as likely to be used for a camel us
for a lion. He Is now employing u
'killed portrait painter to go to the
Philadelphia zoo and mnko studies of
the eyes of tho various kinds of nnl
mals. These eyes ure carefully mount
ed, and glass eyes will be copied Jrom
ihcm, with tho certulnty of Hc'curlng
for each animal the eyo having the
distinct characteristics of its species.
It Is claimed that the eyes of nnlmuls
differ .as much In expression us those
of human beings.
Period of Adjustment
"Why do they say that tho first year
of married life Is ulmost tho most dif
ficult?" "Because that's tho time she
has to get used to tho fact that ho Isn't
making all tho money lu tho world,
and he has to adjust himself to the
discovery that his little angel bus o
temper and uses It at times." (
Botanic Ga
Some or the. mot Houses
FOH soveral years congres3 has
been urged to give a now lease
of llfo to ono of tho most In
teresting Institutions in Wash
ington tho National Uotanlc Garden
by removing it to a 400-acro tract
In Rock Crook park. Ono need only
walk through the garden to appreci
ate tho need for such a change.
The giant palms In tho conserva
tories aro crowding tho panes of glass
out of the roofs of tho bultdlnga In
which they aro housed. Itaro trees and
plants encroach upon ono another
pushing and struggling In their fights
for llfo and beauty. Exotics that havo
been coaxed to fruit and flowor In
their perfection in past years aro
being persuaded to do so now, undor
present conditions of congestion, only
by tho hardest kind of labor on tho
part of tho gardeners.
In this beautiful garden, started by
George Washington, ono meets pcoplo
from all over tho United States, says
tho Washington Stnr. A mecca for
school children, teachers, bridal cou
ples and other tourists, as well as men
and women of purely scientific turn
of mind, each season that passes glvos
It some new attraction, each year adds
to Us collections.
Recently tho garden has been par
ticularly enrichod by the successful
growth and fruiting of the Carlca pa
paya, under tho loving care of tho
superintendent, Georgo W. Hess. This
papaya is something llko tho papaw
of tho mlddlo West, and Is also known
as the melon papaw. It Is, however, a
tropical fruit, known In tropical coun
tries as the molon zapoto. It comes
from Mexico and Central America,
and tho two young trees In tho bo
tanic garden bear witness to tho fact
that tho present occasion Is the first
tlmo tho fruit has been produced in
Washington.
Superintendent Hess explained how
he happened to bo ablo to produco the
fruit hero.
"These zapoto trees," ho said, "wero
mated by me. Thoy havo been in tho
botanic garden, I suppose about four
teen or fifteen years. In scparato
places, but I found out that thoy
wero malo and femalo of the species,
and put them together, and thoy pol
linated, with tho result that thoy fruit
ed for tho first tlmo."
Too Crowded to Be Seen.
Hero Is a garden, an exhibition of
great scientific, educational and ro
mantic Interest to say nothing of tho
bits of history entwined about many
of Its trees and plants which Is so
filled with raro specimens that tho
averago visitor cannot seo them bo
cause of tho way ono Is hidden by tho
other. Among tho most beautiful cre
ations of nature, tho poor stunted
trees and plants reach out toward tho
skies for their "placo in tho sun,"
their sharo of tho air, that thoy may
thrive and silontly teach tho lesson
of the beautiful.
Hero Is to bo found, really living
and growing, a cedar of Lebanon, such
as Is spoken of In tho Diblo, growing
and thriving only on ono sldo becauso
It Is crowded too much on tho other.
Hero also Is to bo found tho euphorbia
splendens, tho "crown of thorns," also
mentioned In tho Bible. From tho
"sawdust" of tho former Is mado tho
lncenso used In Greek and Roman
Catholic churches, highly pleasing to
tho olfactory nerves. From tho latter
comes a milky sap said to bo poison
ous. It obtains Ito namo from Its
principal characteristics, which aro
thorns and growth in circles.
Tho botanic garden Is rich In raro
foreign plants. Thousands of natural
ized foreigners, as well as school
teachers, their pupils and scientists
Interested In arborculturo, botany and
tho other branches of plant and troo
llfo, constantly visit tho garden to seo
theso specimens.
Tho niyrtws communis of southern
Europo has recently been the causa of
many trips to the garden by Jewish
rabbis of Washington. ThlH plant Is
used by them in tho synagogues dur
ing the Succoth. If n plant can bo
found with threo loaves, something
llko tho throoloaf clover, thoy cheer
fully pay as much ns five dollars for
It. It Is said at tho garden that n
growor In tho West has found a way
to produco tho throolcnf variety and
that ho Is advertising It for sale and
doing n good business.
Some Rare Foreign Plants.
A walk 'through tho conservatories
shows this and many other foreign
plants. One sees tho greater palms
pushing tholr way through tho glims
window roofs, at times, and tho low
height of thesu roofs la tho cause of
great troublo to tho caretakers and
attendants.
Hero Is a Washington illnfora, a gi
gantic California palm, the largest In
tho conservatory. Hero Is a wampoo
trco, from China, which nttractfl the
Chlnoso of tho Pennsylvania avonuo
colony, and which produces an cdl
bio fruit, used for preserving and also
for a medicine, lioro Is a marlmosa
alba, the sensitive plant, so called,
from South America. Ono variety
closes and shrivels. If touched, an
other closes at night, as a bird closes
Its wings and settlos down, as If to
sloop. Elsewhere Is tho gamboge,
which produces tho best sort of oil
for artists, which is also edible and
which also producos a modlclno. In
nnother placo Is tho Arabian coffoo
plant. In still another tho Indian
breadfruit, which looks something llko
a grapefruit. Nearby, Is a "travolors
troo" from Madagascar, which tho na
tives tap and from which thoy obtain
water In tho dosort. Thoro aro ln
censo trees from India, Japanoso
plums, gorgeous, scarlot hybtscus, al
ligator pears, and thoro aro, also,
bananas, the fruit of tho latter grow
ing In Washington, If you pleaso.
Tho conservatory Is rich In tho llg
family, many specimens bolng gath
ered hero, somo of which produco rub
ber and somo fruit. Tho fig of com
merco belongs to tho rubbor family.
Then thero Is tho lnga (not Inca, of
courso) of Peru, tho most beautiful
oak holly from southern Europo, wild
dato palmB which fruit In winter, rat
tan palms, malacca palms, sago nnd
tapioca.
Nearby aro nlso to bo found tho
nophellum longanum, so familiarly
known to our childhood as tho lycheo
or lecheo nut tho Chlnoso Christmas
nut. Ono finds hero, too, tho choco
late plant, which lias a fruit llko tho
lima bean.
There aro also hotels, nuts which
tho East Indian troops now In Franco
fighting for England, nro reported to
havo been furnished by tho British
government that thoy may chow them,
too largo a doso of which Is said to
produco a stupor. Thero Is hemp,
from which ropo Is mado, and thoro
Is tho Cllvla, a beautiful lily, from tho
Capo of Good Hope, named for Lord
Cllvo, famouB as ono of tho earlier
viceroys of India.
Outside the Conservatory.
OutBldo of tho conservatory thoro
aro hundreds of Interesting plnnts and
trees. Ono of theso Is an acacia plant
ed by General Grant. Anothor Is tho
Hottentot poison trco. It has a for
midable namo no loss than toxlco
phlaca spectablllB, or acocanthora.
This Is tho BO-callod "ordeal" troo of
Madagascar of which suspected as
well as guilty porsons In tlmoH gono
by havo boon compelled to eat. Tho
"ordeal," to tost whether suspicion
was Justly founded, always bo proved,
according to tho bollof of tho Hotten
tots, for tho auspoctod porson who wob
obliged to oat of It always dlod. At
tho botanic gardens It Is Bald to bo tho
most poisonous of plants. It is Bald
that a seed no longer than an almond
Bufflcos to kill twenty porsons.
To mako good uso of lolsuro Is difficult.
INSURING LIVES OF OTHERS
Practice That Is Largely Prevalent,
Though It Is Illegal How It Is
Don In tho Trenohot.
A rocont caso boforo tho courts
throw considerable light upon tho
penchant somo pcoplo havo for spocu
latlng in othor people's lives. Ono
Homnn held llfo Insurances on her
parents, her chlldron, her molhor-ln-law,
her brothers nnd savornl friends.
Of courso that sort of thing I" Illegal,
but It seoms to bo n nourishing busi
ness novortholOHB.
But hope delayed tnnketh tho heart
Rick nnd after tho Insurers havo kopl
tho premiums paid up to pretty well
tho amount they would gain from tho
lusuranco company, thoy boo their
profit molting away and call tho law
to froo tlietn from their Investment,
claiming tholr premiums back on all
Hurts of tngentouu defenses.
Rather n rotten business, but wo aro
assured that It Is much mora prova
lent than wo havo an Idea of. Thoro
must bo u tromondotia temptation to
assist fato nt times, and In any case,
when relatives form tho chief Invest
ment on these Hues, It must bo rather
exasperating to havo thorn politely In
form un that thoy nro "uulto woll,
thank you."
Ono recalls that scandnloiiB "comlo"
song that had such n voguo n whllo
bnck wherein an Irritated hubby sang
that ho was stony broke with a wad
of dough staring him In tho face!
Somo of tho stories of tho "swoop
stakes" In tho trenchoB nro equally
disturbing. Tho namo of each man In
tho regiment going Into action la put
Into a hat and overy man puts up a
franc. Tho money Is dlvldod between
all thoso who drow tho namo of a
man who Is still ultra or unwoundod
at tho end of tho day I A soldier can
splto a chap holding his namo by de
liberately courting tho attentions of a
bullet. On tho othor hand, It tonds
to mako thorn tondorly considerate of
each others' lives nnd urgent admoni
tions to "toko carol" aro not neces
sarily disinterested.
For Another Euripides.
It soma poet or dramatist as groat
as Euripides wero to rlso from the
wreck of this war and write of what
ho had soon ho could not bettor tho
denunciation In "Tho Trojan Womon"
which runs. In part. "How aro yo
blind, yo treadera down of cities. . . .
yoursolvos so soon to dlo." Thoso
linos wore spoken whon this piny was
presontod In tho now stadium of tho
City collogo. Thoy brought homo to
nil who board them tho sickening real
ization that Europo has 'sloughod oil
Its vonoor of civilization and Is back
where It was six centuries boforo tho
birth of Christ, when ancient Greoco,
too, bellovcd that she had emerged
from barbarism and did not seo tho
ruin then Impending. In Franco, In
Rolglum, In northern Italy nnd on tho
windy plains of ancient Troy Itself tho
shndo of Euripides might again do
nounce thoso "that cast tomplos to
desolation nnd lay wasto tombB, tho
untrodden sanctuaries whero lie tho
nnclont doad." In morals and lust for
blood Europo haB rovertod to tho days
of tho cavo man.
Devil's Bible.
Tho so-called Devil's Blblo Is In tho
Royal Palaco library of Stockholm,
Swodon. It Is a hugo copy of tho
Scriptures, written upon 300 proparod
nnscs' skins. Ono tradition decloros
that it took flvo hundred yoars, or
from tho eighth to tho thlrtoonth cen
tury, to mako tho copy, which In so
largo that It has a table to itself. An
othor tradition affirms that tho work
was done In n single night by a monk,
with tho assistance of his satanlc ma
jesty, who, when tho work was com
plotod, gnvo tho monk n plcturo of
himself for tho frontispiece, whero,
amid Illuminated Incantations, It Is
still to bo ueen; hence tho nnrno. Thin
mnrvoloiiB manuscript wns carried off
by tho Swedes during tho Thirty
Yoara' war from a convent In Praguo,
Honey Shortage In Britain.
Evon tho boo fools tho war. Ger
many has always been tho largest buy
er of Amorlcan honoy, but this year
has takon only $ 10,000 worth. Thoro
lo a honoy shortago In England, how
ovor, and our boos may bo happy yoL
Takon altogether, according to official
roports coming to tho department of
commorco, Amorlcan bees havo bo
havod handsomely this your. Thoy
havo mado an unusually lurgo crop,
tho avorago yield bolng 30.2 pounds
for ovory colony, as compared with
32.2 pounds last year.
Our ordinary crop Is RO.000,000
pounds, and It will bo grcator than
that this year. Prlcoa nro down, how
ovor, becauso of tho shitting market
and heavy yield, and also bocauso ot
a vory much hcavlor crop In tho Wost
Indlos, which Is handlod horo. This
country has novor sent much honoy to
England. Only $4,000 worth wont
thoro last year.
Conscience Fund Grows,
Tho Unltod States tronsury con
science fund Is growing. It now ox
coeds $500,000, received from smug
glers, tax dodgora nnd others
Most Eminent Medical
Authorities Endorse It.
Pr. Kborlo ami Dr. Bralthwnlto n
Woll na Dr. Simon all distinguished
authors-agree that whatever inny bo
the dlseano, tho urine seldom falls In
furnishing u with a duo to tho prlnc
plea upon which It Is to bo treated,
and accurate knowledge concerning tho
nature of dlscaso can thus bo obtained.
If bnokncho, scalding urlno or frequent
urination bother or dlntrrss you, or If
urlo nold In llio blood has canned rhotf
mntlsin, k"1 ur nolallca or you wmpecl
kidney or bladder troublo lust write Dr
Ptnrcont thu Surgical Institute, Bulla o,
K.Y.J nend n sample of urlno and do
ncrlbo symptoms. You will receive freit
medical advice after Dr.Pleren s chemist
lias examined tho urlno this will bo
carefully done without charge, and you
wilt be under no obligation. Dr. Plerco
during many years of experimentation
has discovered a new remedy which Im
llnds Is thlrty-neven times inoro power
ful than lllhln lu removing urlo uciil
from tho eyatelit. If you nro nuHcrlii
from bnckacho or thu pnlns of rheuiim
Usui, go to your best druggl and nik
for n N)-cent box of "Auune'' put up
by Dr. Pierce. Dr. Pierce's I-nvoritu
Prescription fur weak women and Dr.
Pietce'B tloldon Medical Discovery for
the blood Imvo been favorably k"iti
for the past forty years ntul more. They
nro standard remedies to-duynn well
ns Doctor Pierce's Pleasant Pellets for
tho liver nnd bowels. You can get n
itimplu ot any one of theso rcmcdlci
by wilting Dr. Plurco.
Doctor Pierce's Pellebi nro nncqualed
tw a I.Ivor Pill. One tiny, tfumir-amfrd
Jlltt (i J)oe. Curo Sick Headache,
Bilious Headache, DUxluces, Constipa
tion, Indigestion, Bilious Attacks, and
all deraugeiuoaU ot tho Liver, Htouiacl
said Bowels.
BUTTERFAT GONE UP
If t on r. looking for Prompt ll.turn..
CooJ trio ni Squtr U..I, m.li.
your noat .hlnmant of Cr.tm lo
HAZELWOOD CO.,
PORTLAND.
Tot Herat of the SitufieJ Shipper"
Learned Something.
"Whnt's the matter with Flubdub?
He used to claim that our politicians
were thu most unscrupulous In tho
world."
"He has been traveling abroad. I
think It was a great blow to his civic
pride when ho found they wero not."
Louisville Courier-Journal.
Thread of Interest.
"This cookbook ought to bo papu
lar." "Why so?"
"There's n love story mixed In with
tho recipes." Louisville Courier-Journal.
Foolish Man.
"Can't say I like that now hat of
yours."
"Yet you liked It In tho store."
"Well, It did look pretty when tho
girl tried It on."
Then the trouble started. Louis
ville Courier-Journal.
Sticks There.
The man who drops his anchor In
the Slough of Despond never gots any
farther Answers.
.BEAN
SET THE CRSSES
Carried Safely Through Chance
of Lifo by Lydin E. Pinlchnm'n
Vegetable Compound.
Illl I II liiiiillil
llll!IIIIIUi'M'l!JIIIIIIII
Nftshvlllo.Tonn. "When I was going
through tho Change of Llfo I had u tu-
inior na largo as n
child's head. Thu
doctor said it wuu
threo years coming
and gnvo mo modl
clno for it until I
was called away
from tho city for
somo tlmo. Of
'courso I could not
go to him then, bo
myslstcrln-lnw told
mo that she thought
Lydia E. Finkhnm'a Vegotablo Com
pound would cure It It helped both
tho Chnngo of Llfo and tho tumor and
when I got homo I Jlf not iml tiie doctor.
I took tho Pinkhum remedies until tho
tumor was gono, tho doctor Bold, and I
hnvo not folt It Blnco. I tell every ono
how I was cured. If this letter will
holp others you aro wolcomo to uso It."
Mrs. E. II. Ukan, G2fi Josoph Avenue,
Nashvlllo, Tcnn.
Lydla E. Pinkhnm'a Vegetable Com
pound, n puro remedy containing tho
extractive properties of good old fash
ioned roota and herbs, moots tho needs
of woman's Bystern nt this critical period
of her llfo. Try It
If thoro Ih nny nymptom In your
enso which puzzles you, write- to
the Lydla 12. Pinkhum Medlolat
Co., Lynn, Mass.