,1 'I-"
CUPS AND SAUCERS
TABLE APPURTENANCES THAT
ARE COMPARATIVELY MODERN.
Originally Cups Were Dig, Flaring Af
fairs, While Saucers Were Small,
Just the Reverse of Those
of Today.
The cup and saucer Is n modern In
-entton unknown In the days of th
sixteenth century. Bowls of various
slates graced the banquet hoards of
King Hal and Queen Hess, but cups
came In only with the Introduction of
such drinks as tea and coffee.
The beverages of the sixteenth ccn
tury were water, mead, sack and ale
In the middle of the next century came
tea, and with It the Chinese or "china
teacup. Strangely enough, the men
who Imported It from the Orient did
not themselves understand the method
of Its use. as possibly the conservative
Britisher preferred to Invent a style
of his own.
The Chinese put a pinch of tea Into
a cup filled with boiling water, and
then Inverted a saucer over the re
ceptacle, within whose rim It closely
fitted. The object was partly to retain
the heat, but chlclly to prevent the
escape of the fragrance of the herb,
which Chinese olfactories found most
delicious. The Infusion was permitted
to stand for live minutes, when It was
decanted Into n second cup without a
saucer and daintily sipped therefrom.
John Bull, however, emphatically
declined to take his tea In Chinese
fashion. He liked the nppearnnce of
the ornamental ware upon his table,
but he Insisted on placing the cup In
the saucer, like n miniature flower
pot, and used exclusively to drink
from, preparing the beverage In
common Instead of an Individual re
ceptacle.
In course of time England began the
manufacture of cups and saucers, and
pictures which have been preserved
from the days of the Stuarts show
big,, flaring cups, four Inches across
the top, with saucers less than three
inches In diameter. By degrees one
dwindled and the other expanded, un
til in the middle of the nineteenth cen
tury the opposite extreme was reached
and fashionable tea services had cups
only an Inch and a half In diameter.
accompanied by five-Inch saucers.
The handle of the teacup came from
.Mediterranean lands. Originally it
was made of thick and strong earth
enware and npplled to heavy Jars and
lamps. Its decorative possibilities
popularized It with Greek and Itoman
potters, who extended Its use to small
nmphors and flagons; but, as the word
"amphor" Indicates, the handle was
double, like that of the bouillon cup
today. Single handles crept Into use
by slow degrees and were probably ap
plied to drinking cups about the time
that coffee came Into vogue In south
ern Europe, the beverage being taken
.almost at the boiling point, so that
some device for lifting the cup with
out burning the fingers was found de
sirable. Traveling slowly northward, the onc-
Iiandled coffee cup finally reached
Great Britain, where Its merits were
immediately recognized. It was not
long before handles were applied to
lrinklng utensils of every description.
Sugar Cane In Arizona.
Sugar cane is being raised In Ari
zona for the first time to any extent.
Some ,'2m acres of the Salt Klver
valley are under cultivation, and next
season this acreage will be Increased
to 5,000. This innovation Is predicted
to be the beginning of an extensive In
dustry, as the valley lands of both Ari
zona and New Mexico are considered
well suited for the growth of cane, and
the higher lands can also be cultivated
where Irrigation may be had.
Up-to-Date Taxidermy.
A Philadelphia taxidermist, who Is a
naturalist and hunter as well, has not
ed the fact that hitherto little atten
tion has been given to the expression
of the eyes In the stufTed animals pre
pared at great expense for the largo
museums. He says that the same eye
Is as likely to he used for a camet as
for n Hon. He Is now employing a
skilled portrait painter to go to the
Philadelphia zoo and make studies of
the eyes of the various kinds of ani
mals. These eyes are carefully mount
ed, and glass eyes will be copied from
fhem, with the certainty of securing
for 'each animal the eye having the
distinct characteristics of Its species.
It Is claimed that tho eyes of animals
differ as much in expression as those
of human beings.
Period of Adjustment
"Why do they suy that tho first year
of married life is almost tho most dif
ficult?" "Because that's tho time she
has to get used to tho fact that he Isn't
making all tho money In tho world,
.and ho has to adjust himself to the
discovery that his little ungel baa a
.temper and uses It at times." (
Om National
Botanic Garden
Sour or the.
FOB sovernl years congross has
been urged to glvo a now lease
of Uto to ono of tho most In
teresting Institutions In Wash
ington tho National Botanic Garden
by removing it to a 400-acre tract
In Rock Creek park. Ono need only
walk through tho garden to appreci
ate the need for such a change.
Tho. giant palms In tho conserva
tories aro crowding tho panos of glass
out of tho roofs of tho buildings In
which they are housed. Bare trees and
plants encroach upon one another,
pushing and struggling In their fights
for Ufa and beauty. Exotics that havo
been coaxed to fruit and flower in
their perfection In past years aro
Doing persuaded to do so now, under
present conditions of congestion, only
by tho hardest kind of labor on tho
part of tho gardeners.
In this beautiful garden, started by
George Washington, ono meets pcoplo
from all over tho United States, says
the Washington Star. A mecca for
school children, teachers, bridal cou
ples and other tourists, as well as men
and women of purely scientific turn
of mind, each season that, passes gives
It some new attraction, each year anus
to Its collections.
Recently tho garden has been par
ticularly enriched by tho successful
growth and fruiting of tho Carlca pa
paya, under tho loving caro of tho
superintendent, Gcorgo W. Hess. This
papaya Is something llko tho papaw
of tho mlddla West, and Is also known
as the melon papaw. It is, however, a
tropical fruit, known In tropical coun
tries as the melon zapoto. It comes
from Mexico and Central America,
and tho two young trees in tho bo
tanic garden bear witness to the fact
that the present occasion Is tho first
tlmo the fruit has been produced In
Washington.
Superintendent Hess explained how
ho happened to bo ablo to produco the
fruit here.
"Theso zapoto trees," ho said, "were
mated by me. They have been in tho
botanic garden, I suppose about four
teen or fifteen years, In separate
places, but I found out that they
were male and femalo of the species,
and put them together, and they pol
linated, with tho result that they fruit
ed for tho first time."
Too Crowded to Be Seen.
Here Is a garden, an exhibition of
great scientific, educational and ro
mantic interest to say nothing of tho
bits of history entwined about many
of Its trees and plants which is so
filled with raro specimens that tho
average visitor cannot see them be
cause of tho way ono Is hidden by tho
other. Among the most beautiful cre
ations of nature, ' tho poor stunted
trees and plants reach out toward tho
skies for their "place In tho sun,"
their sharo of tho air, that thoy may
thrive and silently teach the lesson
of the beautiful.
Hero Is to bo found, really living
and growing, a cedar of Lebanon, such
as is spoken of in the Blblo, growing
and thriving only on ono sldo becauso
it is crowded too much on tho other.
Here also is to bo found tho euphorbia
splendons, tho "crown of thorns," also
mentioned in tho Bible. From tho
sawdust" of tho former is mado tho
inconso used in Greek and Roman
Catholic churches, highly pleasing to
tho olfactory nerves, From tho latter
comes a milky sap said to bo poison
ous. It obtains its namo from its
principal characteristics, which aro
thorns and growth in circles.
Tho botanic garden Is rich in raro
foreign plants. Thousands of natural
ized foreigners, as well as school
tcachors, their pupils and scientists
interested in arborculturo, botany and
tho other branchos of plant and treo
life, constantly visit tho garden to seo
those specimens. J
Tho myrtus communis of southern
Europe has recently boon the causo of
many trips to tho garden by Jewish
hot housu
rabbis of Washington. This plant Is
used by them In tho synagogues dur
ing tho Succoth. if a plant can bo
found with three leaves, something
llko tho throoleaf clover, thoy cheer
fully pay as much ns flvo dollars for
It It Is said at tho garden that a
grower in tho West has found n way
to produco tho threo-lcat varloty and
that he Is advertising It for sale and
doing a good business.
Soma Rare Foreign Plants.
A walk through tho conservatories
shows this and many other foreign
plants. One sees tho groator palms
pushing tholr wny through tho glass
window roots, at times, and tho low
holght of theso roofs Is tho causo of
groat trouble to tho carctakors and
attendants.
Hero Is a Washington fllaforn, a gl
gantlc California palm, tho largest in
tho conservatory. Horo Is a wain poo
treo, from China, which attracts tho
Chlneso of the Pennsylvania avenuo
colony, and which produces an cdl
bio fruit, used for preserving nnd also
for a medicine. Horo Is a marlmosa
alba, tho sonsltlvo plant, so-called
from South America. Ono variety
closes and shrivels, If touchod, an
other closes at night, as a bird closos
Its wings and settles down, as If to
sleep. Elscwhero Is tho gambogo.
which produces tho best sort of oil
for artists, which Is also odlblo and
which also producos a modtclno. In
another placo Is tho Arabian coffoo
plant, In still another tho Indian
broadfrult, which looks something llko
a grapefruit. Nearby, Ib a "travclors
treo" from Madagascar, which tho na
tives tap and from which thoy obtain
wator In tho desert. Thoro aro In
conso trees from India, Japanese
plums, gorgeous, scarlet hyblscus, al
ligator pears, and thero aro, also,
bananas, tho fruit of tho lattor grow
ing in Washington, if you plcaso.
Tho conservatory is rich in tho fig
family, many specimens bolng gath
ered here, somo of which produco rub-
bor and somo fruit. Tho fig of com'
morco belongs to tho rubber family.
Then thero Is tho lnga (not Inca, of
course) of Poru,' tho most boautlful
oak holly from southern Europo, wild
dato palms which fruit In winter, rat
tan palms, malacca palms, sago and
tapioca.
Nearby aro also to bo found tho
nophollum longanum, so familiarly
known to our childhood as tho lychoo
or lecheo nut tho Chlnoso Christmas
nut. Ono finds here, too, tho choco
late plant, which has a fruit like tho
lima bean.
Thero aro also betols, nuts which
tho East Indian troops now in Franco
fighting for England, aro roportcd to
havo beon furnished by tho British
government that they may chow them,
too largo a doso of which is said to
produco a stupor. Thoro is hemp,
from which ropo Is mado, and thero
Is tho Cllvla, a beautiful Illy from tho
Capo of Good Hopo, named for Lord
Cllve, famous as ono of tho earlier
viceroys of India.
Outside the Conservatory.
Outsldo of tho1 conservatory thoro
aro hundreds of interesting plants and
trees. Ono of theso is an acacia plant
ed by General Grant, Anothor Is tho
Hottentot poison treo, It has a for
midable namo no loss than toxlco
phlaca spoctabllls, or acocanthora.
This Is tho so-called "ordeal" treo of
Madagascar of which suspected as
well as guilty persons in times gone
by havo boon compelled to oat. Tho
"ordeal," to tost whether suspicion
was Justly founded, always so proved,
according to tho bollof of tho Hotten
tots, for tho suspoctod person who was
obliged to cat of it always died. At
tho botanic gardons It is said to bo tho
most poisonous of plants. It Is said
that a seed no longor than an almond
suffices to kill twenty porsons.
To make good uso of leisure is difficult
INSURING LIVES OF OTHERS
Practice That la Largely Prevalent
t
Though It Is Illegal How It la
Dona In the Trenchot.
A rccont caso bo fore tho court
throw consldorablo light upon th
penchant soma people havo for apocu
latlng In othor pooplo'a lives. One
woman hold llfo Insurances on hor
parouta, hor children, hor mother-In
law, hor brothers and sovoral frlond
Of course that sort of thing Is lllogal
but It sooms to bo a flourishing bus!
nosB novortholoss.
Hut hopo delayed mnkoth tho heart
tick and aftor tho Insurers havo kepi
tho promlums paid up to pretty woll
tho amount thoy would gain from tho
Insurance company, they seo tholr
profit molting away nnd call tho law
to frcri them from tholr Investment
claiming tholr promlums back on all
sorts of Ingenious dofonsos.
Rather n rotten business, hut wo aro
assured that It Is much more prova
lent than wo hnvo nn Idoa of. There
must bo n tremendous tomptatlon to
assist fato at tlmos, nnd In any caso,
when rolntlvos form tho chlot Invest
niont on theso linns, It must bo rathor
oxasporattng to have thorn politely In
form us that thoy aro "quite woll
thnuk you.
Ono rocalls that scandalous "comic'
song that had such n vogue a whllo
back wherein an Irritated hubby sang
that ho was stony broko with a wad
of dough staring him In tho facol
Somo of tho stories of tho "swoop-
stakos' In tho trenches aro equally
disturbing. Tho namo of each man In
tho roglmont going Into action Is put
Into a hat and ovory man puts up a
franc. Tho money Is dlvldod botweon
all thoso who draw tho namo of a
man who Is stilt allvo or unwoundod
nt tho ond of tho dayl A soldier can
plto a chap holding his namo by de
liberately courting tho attentions of a
bullet On tho othor hand. It tonds
to make them tondorly consldorato of
each others' llros and urgont admonl
lions to "tako carol" aro not nocoa
sarlly disinterested.
For Another Euripides,
If somo poot or dramatist as groat
as Euripides wero to rlso from tho
wrock of this war and wrlto of what
ho had soon ho could not bettor tho
denunciation In "Tho Trojan Womon"
which runs, In part, "How are yo
blind, yo troadors down of cltlos, . .
yoursolvos so soon to die." Thoso
lines wero spokon when this play wan
proscntod In tho now stadium of tho
City college Thoy brought homo to
all who hoard them tho slckonlng real
ization that Europo has sloughod off
Its vonoor of civilization nnd Is back
whoro It was six conturlos boforo tho
birth of Christ whon ancient Orooco,
too, bollovcd that sho had omnrgod
from barbarism and did not see tho
ruin then Impondlng. In Franco, In
Bolglum, In northern Italy and on tho
windy plains of anclont Troy Itsolf tho
shado of Eurlpldos might again de
nounce thoso "that cast tomplos to
dosolatton and lay wasto tombs, tho
untroddon snnctuarlos whoro Ho tho
anclont dead." In morals and lust for
blood Europo has rovortod to tho days
of tho cavo man.
Devil's Dlbte.
Tho so-callod Davll's Ulblo Is In tho
Royal Palaco library of Stockholm,
Sweden. It Is a hugo copy of tho
Scrlpturos, wrltton upon 300 proparod
asses' skins. Ono tradition declares
that It took fivo hundred years, or
from tho olghth to tho thlrtoonth con
tury, to roako tho copy, which Is so
largo that It has n table to Itsolf, An
othor tradition afllrniH that tho work
was dono In a slnglo night by a monk.
with tho asslstanco of his satanlo mn'
Josty, who, whon tho work was com
plctcd, gavo tho monk a plcturo of
himself for tho frontlaploco, whoro,
amid Illuminated Incantations, It is
still to bo soon; honco tho namo. Thin
marvelous manuscript was carrlod off
by tho Swedes during tho Thirty
Years' war from a convent In Prague
Honey Shortage In Britain.
Evon tho boo feels tho war. Ger
many has always boon tho largest buy
er of Amorlcan honey, but this year
has taken only $10,000 worth. Thoro
Is a honey shortngo In England, how-
over, nnd our boos may bo happy yot
Takon altogether, according to official
roports coming to tho dopartmont of
commorco, Amorlcan boos havo bo-
havod handsomely this year. Thoy.
havo mado an unusually largo crop,
tho avorago yield bolng 30.2 pounds
for ovory colony, as compared with
32,2 pounds last yoar.
Our ordinary crop Is BO.000,000
pounds, and It win bo grentor than
that this yoar. Prices aro down, how
ovor, becauso of tho shifting market
and heavy yield, and also bocauso of
vory much heavier crop in tho Wost
Indies, which Is handled horo. This
country has novor oont much honey to
England, Only $4,000 worth wont
thoro last year.
Consolence Fund Grows.
The United States tronmirv rnn.
science fund Is growing. It now n.
coods $600,000, roceivod from smug
glers, tax aoagors ana others
Most Eminent Medical
Authorities Endorse It.
Dr. Kborlo and Dr. Hraltlwnlto ni
woll as Dr. Simon all distinguished
authors agroo that whatever may bo
the dldeaso, tho urlna seldom falls In
furnishing ua with n duo to tho prlnc
pies upon which It Is to bo treated,
and nocurato knowledge) concerning tha
nature of dlacoso can thus bo obtained.
If bnokaoho, scalding urlna or frequonl
urination bothor or dlitreBs you, or if
uric add In tho blond has caiucd thru
roatlsm, gout or solution or you niupocl
kidney or bladder trouble lust wrlto Dri
Plprco at tho Surgical Institute, Buffalo,
N.Y.J Bond n sample of urlno and do
ccrlbo Bymptoms, You will receive frco
medical ad vlco after Dr. Pierce's clicmbil
has oxamlncd tho urlno thin will bo
carefully dono without charge, and you
will bo under no obligation. Dr. I'lcrco
during many years of experimentation
lins discovered n now remedy which tin
finds Is thlrty-HOVOti times more power,
fill than llthla In removing urlo acid
from tho system. If you arn Buffering
from backacho or tho pains of rheuma
tism, go to your bct drugget nk
for a WJ-cent box of "Anuria" put up
by Dr. Pierce. Dr. Plcrco'a Favorltu
Prescription for weak women and Dr.
Pierce's Golden Medical Dlncovery for
tho blood havo btiou favorably known
for tho past forty years and more. Thry
nro standard remedies to-day as well
as Doctor 1'lurcu's Pleasant PclluM for
the llvur and bowols. You can get n
latnplo of any ono of tbeso rcmcdlci
by wilting Dr. Pierce.
Doctor rierco's PollcUi are unequalod
m a Liver PHI. One tiny, &'uwr-cwifd
Ptllet a Dose. Curo Hick Headache,
Bilious Ilcadacho, Dlzslucta, Coiwtlpa
tlon, Indigestion, Bilious Attacks, nnd
all dcrangemento of tho Liver, titoinact
laid Bowels.
BUTTERFAT GONE UP
If yov n looking for Prompt ltdurna.
Good rrloa ml 3quro D..1, mU.
your noit iKlpm.nl of Cr.m to
HAZELWOOD CO.,
PORTLAND.
"Tbe Home of the SalisfieJ Shipper"
Learned Something.
"What's tho matter with Flubdub?
Ho used to claim that our politicians
wore tho most unscrupulous In the
world."
"Ha has been traveling abroad. I
think It was a great blow to his clvlo
pride when ho found they wero noL"
Loulsrlllo Courier-Journal.
Thread of Interest
'This cookbook oucht to bo popu
lar."
"Why so?"
"Thnrn'n a Invn ntnrv mlxnd In with
tho recipes." Ioulsvlllo Courlor-
Journal.
Foolish Man.
"Can't say I llko that now hat of
yours.
"Yot you liked it in tho storo."
"Well, it did look pretty whon tho
girl tried it on."
Then tho troublo started. Louis
ville Courlor-Journal.
8tleks There.
Tho man who drops his anchor In
tho Slough of Despond novor cots any
farther. Answers.
HOW MRS. BEAN "
MET THE CRISIS
Carried Safely Throurrh Chnnjjo
or jure Dy Lydm b. I'inkham'a
Vegetable Compound.
NoBhvIllo,Tonn.-"Whcn I wns colnir
through tho Chungo of Llfo I had u tu
mor as largo as a
child's head. Tho
doctor said it was
three years coming'
and gavo mo medl-
cino for it until I
was called away
from tho city for
somo tlmo. Of
course I could riot
go to him then, so
myslBterin-law told
mo that sho thought
Lydla E. Pinkham'a Vegetable Com
pound would curo it It helped both
tho Chango of Llfo and tho tumor and
when I got homo I aid not nted the doctor.
I took tho Pinkham remedies until tho
tumor was gone, tho doctor said, and I
hnvo not folt It Blnce. I tell every ono
how I was cured. If this letter will
holn others you aro wolcomo to uso It"
Mrs. E. II. Dean, C25 Joseph Avenuo,
Nnshvlllo, Tcnn.
Lydla E, Flnkham's Vegetable Com
pound, a pure remedy containing tho
extractive properties of good old fash
ioned roots and herbs, meets the needs
of woman's system at this critical period
of her llfo. Try it
xi tnoro in any symptom In your
caso which puzzlen you, -write to
the XiTdla 13. Pinkham Madiclna
(Jo., Lygn, Maaa,